Abstract:

Background & Aim: In China, leaf monkeys are distributed across Yunnan, Xizang, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Chongqing. They comprise two genera (Semnopithecus and Trachypithecus) and seven species. Leaf monkeys have garnered significant attention from Chinese primatologists due to their distinctive morphological and digestive system characteristics, evolutionary status, and crucial role in maintaining the stability of ecosystem. All of these species are classified as National Class I Key Protected Wild Animals in China. To date, considerable research has been conducted on the White-headed Langur (T. leucocephalus), François’ Langur (T. francoisi), Indochinese Gray Langur (T. crepusculus), while studies on the other species remain relatively scarce. This study focuses on Chinese leaf monkeys, systematically reviewing relevant research and proposing future research directions and trends. 

Review Results: This study focuses on Chinese leaf monkeys, conducting a systematic review of representative studies from both domestic and international sources. Through in-depth analysis, we reviewed the research history and research advances on Chinese leaf monkeys across several key areas including taxonomy, anatomical characteristics, ecology and behavior, genetics and evolution, population distribution and dynamics, and conservation management. Based on the review, we propose to conduct multi-dimensional and interdisciplinary researches on behavior and ecology, such as acoustic communication and nutritional ecology. More attention should be paid on the role of leaf monkeys in seed dispersal and maintaining the dynamic balance of forests, exploring the synergy between leaf monkey conservation and community development, and understanding the social service function of endangered species conservation. In the face of the difficulties in field surveys, new technologies (such as unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with infrared thermal imaging and passive acoustic technology) assisted by artificial intelligence provide a new method for the population monitoring of leaf monkeys. 

Perspective: This study aims to promote the advancement and refinement of research and conservation efforts for leaf monkeys in China, thereby providing fundamental information for the protection of the country’s rare and endangered wildlife.

Key words: non-human primate, leaf monkey, behavioral ecology, conservation biology, research history