Design pattern and network development of urban microhabitat based on nature-based solutions (NbS): A case study of habitat gardens in Changning District, Shanghai

doi:10.17520/biods.2024528

Abstract

Abstract:

Background & AimsNature-based solutions (NbS) offer multiple environmental, social and economic benefits. They play an important role in addressing climate change and achieving sustainable development. Enhancing urban ecosystems through strategies that “work with nature” is now widely practiced by cities globally and is crucial for achieving Target 12 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Methods: In this paper, we summarized the theoretical framework of NbS and used the habitat garden initiative in Changning District, Shanghai as a case study. We systematically analyzed the design and operational modes, and network construction methods of urban microhabitats. Furthermore, we explored the achievements and limitations of habitat gardens, and suggested future research and practical directions for urban microhabitats in high-density urban areas, guided by national urban biodiversity conservation strategies.

Results: The habitat garden initiative in Changning District, Shanghai has explored three key innovations: (1) Strengthening the networking scale effect among scattered microhabitats in dense urban areas; (2) Establishing a model of community governance with active resident participation; and (3) Forming collaborative partnerships that benefits all stakeholders. However, challenges remain, such as inconsistent biodiversity monitoring, an overemphasis on residential green spaces, and inadequate funding plans. As the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework progresses, restoring urban habitats and ecological networks will become increasingly crucial.

Suggestion & PerspectivesGuided by the NbS framework and principles, cities should establish a cross-departmental and inclusive governance platforms to provide support urban microhabitats and ecological networks. To increase the appeal of NbS and urban biodiversity conservation, three measures should be implemented: improving scientific monitoring systems, expanding design patterns across various climate zones, and developing diverse funding mechanisms.

Key words: micro green space, nature-based solutions, microhabitat, habitat garden

Yan Kang, Jing Gan, Linlin Yu, Chenjing He, Liqing Zhang, Jingbin Wu. Design pattern and network development of urban microhabitat based on nature-based solutions (NbS): A case study of habitat gardens in Changning District, Shanghai[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(5): 24528.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024528

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I5/24528

Figures/Tables 8

References 21

[1]	Correa Ayram CA, Mendoza ME, Etter A, Salicrup DRP (2016) Habitat connectivity in biodiversity conservation. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, 40, 7-37.
[2]	Deng J, Li Y, Hou YL (2023) Urban biodiversity conservation: Experience from the comparative perspective of China and Europe. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23070. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[邓晶, 李艺, 侯一蕾 (2023) 城市生物多样性保护: 基于中欧对比视角下的经验借鉴. 生物多样性, 31, 23070.] DOI
[3]	Donkersley P, Witchalls S, Bloom EH, Crowder DW (2023) A little does a lot: Can small-scale planting for pollinators make a difference? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 343, 108254.
[4]	Dushkova D, Haase D (2020) Not simply green: Nature-based solutions as a concept and practical approach for sustainability studies and planning agendas in cities. Land, 9, 19.
[5]	Erik GB, David NB (2013) Classifying and valuing ecosystem services for urban planning. Ecological Economics, 86, 235-245.
[6]	Gan J (2018) Built environment factors affecting urban biodiversity and planning optimization approaches. Urban Planning International, 33(4), 67-73. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[干靓 (2018) 城市建成环境对生物多样性的影响要素与优化路径. 国际城市规划, 33(4), 67-73.]
[7]	Gan J, Guo GP, Yao XY (2019) Biodiversity supporting services of urban roadside green spaces and the built environment influences—A case study of birds along Shanghai Century Avenue. Landscape Architecture, 26(1), 47-52. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[干靓, 郭光普, 姚雪艳 (2019) 城市街旁绿地的生物多样性支持功能及其环境影响——以上海世纪大道街旁绿地鸟类研究为例. 风景园林, 26(1), 47-52.]
[8]	IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) (2020) IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions: A User-Friendly Framework for the Verification, Design and Scaling up of NbS (first edition). https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/49505. (accessed on 2024-11-08)
[9]	IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) (2016) Defining Nature-based Solutions. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/resrecfiles/WCC_2016_RES_069_EN.pdf. (accessed on 2024-10-01)
[10]	Jin T, Peng YY, Zeng LS, Chu ZT, Ge L, Zhang XQ (2023) Promoting the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. Natural Protected Areas, 3(3), 35-44. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[靳彤, 彭昀月, 曾丽诗, 楚哲婷, 葛乐, 张小全 (2023) 基于自然的解决方案: 推动生物多样性保护主流化. 自然保护地, 3(3), 35-44.]
[11]	Li Z, Wang BB (2022) Global Practice of Nature-based Solutions: Exploring Collaborative Pathways from a Carbon Neutrality Perspective, pp. 89-93. China Environmental Publishing Group, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[李政, 王彬彬 (2022) 基于自然的解决方案全球实践: 碳中和视角下的协同路径探索, 89-93页. 中国环境出版集团, 北京.]
[12]	Marselle MR, Lindley SJ, Cook PA, Bonn A (2021) Biodiversity and health in the urban environment. Current Environmental Health Reports, 8, 146-156. DOI PMID
[13]	Peng WJ, Yang Y, Wang MY, Shi YY (2024) Regeneration path of the green space in high-density urban area from the perspective of social-ecosystem: The Zhongxianghui Habitat Garden in Zhongguancun. Architecture Technique, 30(3), 100-105. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[彭文洁, 杨莹, 汪默英, 史育玉 (2024) 社会生态系统视角下高密度城市绿地更新路径——中关村众享荟生境花园营造的经验与启示. 建筑技艺, 30(3), 100-105.]
[14]	Popkin G (2022) Urban oasis. Science, 378, 466-469. DOI PMID
[15]	Su RF, Chen RS, Guo XN (2023) Conservation strategies for biodiversity in urban community renewal: A case study of habitat garden in Changning District, Shanghai. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23118. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[苏荣菲, 陈睿山, 郭晓娜 (2023) 城市社区更新中生物多样性的保护策略: 以上海市长宁区生境花园为例. 生物多样性, 31, 23118.] DOI
[16]	Su RF, Chen RS, Yu LL, Wu JB, Kang Y (2024) Biodiversity in community habitat gardens in Changning District, Shanghai based on camera trapping. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24068. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[苏荣菲, 陈睿山, 俞霖琳, 吴婧彬, 康燕 (2024) 基于红外相机调查的上海市长宁区社区生境花园生物多样性. 生物多样性, 32, 24068.] DOI
[17]	Tong T (2021) Nature-based solutions for urban climate change adaption: Barcelona’s experience. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (Social Sciences), 20(1), 69-75. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[童彤 (2021) 气候变化背景下的城市NbS: 巴塞罗那市的经验. 北京林业大学学报(社会科学版), 20(1), 69-75.]
[18]	Wang YC, Wang RJ, Lu XH (2023) Biodiversity in urban micro green spaces: Value, influence factors, and enhancement approaches. Landscape Architecture Academic Journal, 40(12), 22-29. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[王云才, 王若静, 卢星昊 (2023) 城市微绿地生物多样性: 价值、影响因素与提升途径. 园林, 40(12), 22-29.]
[19]	Yu ZW, Wang J, Lin T, Yang GY, Zhao B (2022) Nature-based solutions: Basic Principles and Applications, pp. 146-148. Fudan University Press, Shanghai. (in Chinese)
	[余兆武, 王军, 吝涛, 杨高原, 赵斌 (2024) 基于自然的解决方案:基本原理与应用, 146-148页. 复旦大学出版社, 上海.]
[20]	Zhang LL, Zhu D, Song DX (2023) A probe into the renewal path of high-density urban old residential area from the perspective of ecological restoration—The experience and enlightenment from Shanghai habitat garden. Housing Science, 43(2), 1-6, 54. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[张璐璐, 朱丹, 宋德萱 (2023) 生态修复视角下高密度城市老旧住区更新路径——上海生境花园营造的经验与启示. 住宅科技, 43(2), 1-6, 54.]
[21]	Zhou CH (2022) Basic attributes and key planning issues of micro green space. Urban Planning International, 37(3), 105-113. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[周聪惠 (2022) 城市微绿地的基本属性与规划关键问题. 国际城市规划, 37(3), 105-113.]

功能分区 Functional areas	必要功能 Essential function	可选功能 Optional function
生境保护区 Habitat conservation zone	本地植物复合群落 Native plants complex community	人工搭建的庇护所 Artificially constructed shelters 生态塘 Ecological pond
	自然式栖息地 Natural habitats
	水源 Water source
	食源 Food source
互动观察区 Interactive observation zone	科普 Science popularization	堆肥点 Composting point
互动观察区 Interactive observation zone	观察点 Observation points	堆肥点 Composting point
休闲科普区 Leisure & science popularization zone	休闲设施 Leisure facilities	休闲设施 Leisure facilities

功能分区 Functional areas	必要功能 Essential function	可选功能 Optional function
生境保护区 Habitat conservation zone	本地植物复合群落 Native plants complex community	人工搭建的庇护所 Artificially constructed shelters 生态塘 Ecological pond
	自然式栖息地 Natural habitats
	水源 Water source
	食源 Food source
互动观察区 Interactive observation zone	科普 Science popularization	堆肥点 Composting point
互动观察区 Interactive observation zone	观察点 Observation points	堆肥点 Composting point
休闲科普区 Leisure & science popularization zone	休闲设施 Leisure facilities	休闲设施 Leisure facilities

干扰度 Interfernce level	场址与人居空间的关系 Relationship between site and human space	功能分区布局模式 Functional area layout pattern	案例 Cases
弱 Low			虹旭生境花园 Hongxu Habitat Garden
较强 Moderate			吾享生境花园 Wuxiang Habitat Garden
强 High			忆生境花园 Yi Habitat Garden

干扰度 Interfernce level	场址与人居空间的关系 Relationship between site and human space	功能分区布局模式 Functional area layout pattern	案例 Cases
弱 Low			虹旭生境花园 Hongxu Habitat Garden
较强 Moderate			吾享生境花园 Wuxiang Habitat Garden
强 High			忆生境花园 Yi Habitat Garden

分类 Types	生态要素 Ecological factors	空间特征 Spatial features
鸟类 Birds
林鸟 Woodland birds	食源植物/水源 Food source plants/water sources	适合躲藏、觅食、饮水的安全空间 A safe space suitable for hiding, foraging, and drinking water
水鸟 Waterfowl	清洁水体 Clean water	适合站立或涉水的安全空间 A safe space suitable for standing or wading through water
传粉昆虫 Pollinators	蜜源植物/寄主植物/水源/裸露土壤 Nectar source plants/host plants/water sources/bare soil	适合躲藏、休憩、饮水的安全空间 A safe space suitable for hiding, foraging, and drinking water
两栖类 Amphibians	清洁水体/水生植物/灌木丛/裸露土壤 Clean water/aquatic plants/shrubs/bare soil	适合水、陆交互的安全通道和适合躲藏的安全空间 A safe passage suitable for water-land interaction and a safe space suitable for hiding