Correlation analysis of urban green landscape patterns and bird diversity based on passive acoustic monitoring technology

doi:10.17520/biods.2024296

Abstract

Abstract:

Aim: Urbanization-induced habitat fragmentation and habitat quality degradation have negatively impacts on biodiversity. Birds, as essential components of global biodiversity, act as critical indicators of ecological changes. Urban green spaces play a pivotal role in bird diversity conservation. Understanding the relationship between green space landscape characteristics and bird diversity is vital for sustainable urban landscape management and biodiversity conservation. This study aims to explore the response of bird diversity to urban green landscape pattern in different feeding guilds.

Methods: The synchronous continuous recordings were conducted by passive acoustic monitoring technology at 30 urban parks across Guangzhou for 6 months. Deep learning models were used to identify species information. Redundancy analysis, random forest regression, and classification and regression tree models were used to quantify the relationship between bird species and green space landscape characteristics.

Results: The analysis showed that higher green space ratios and patch areas positively affected bird species richness, while reduced habitat connectivity negatively affected species numbers. Birds with different feeding habits exhibited varying responses to landscape characteristics. Omnivorous birds were more adaptable to fragmented environment, carnivorous birds were highly sensitive to habitat connectivity, and insectivorous birds relied on larger green space patches. In addition, bird species richness showed a negative correlation with artificial nighttime light, with insectivorous birds being most sensitive to this disturbance. Nonlinear correlations were observed between bird species richness and green space landscape characteristics, with different response processes and thresholds. For example, exclusive feeding guild species richness increased when the average green space patch area exceeded 0.01-0.02 ha within a 2 km circular buffer zone or when isolated island area proportion were below 0.92%-10.40%.

Conclusion: It is suggested to reduce the negative impact of artificial lighting on birds in order to enhance overall urban bird diversity. It is also necessary to protect and restore residual habitats dominated by native species, establish corridors and new complementary habitats and enhance habitat connectivity in landscape management.

Key words: passive acoustic monitoring, bird diversity, avian feeding guild, urban green space, landscape connectivity

Le Li, Chengyun Zhang, Nancai Pei, Bingtao Gao, Na Wang, Jiarui Li, Ruichen Wu, Zezhou Hao. Correlation analysis of urban green landscape patterns and bird diversity based on passive acoustic monitoring technology[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(10): 24296.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024296

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I10/24296

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Distribution map of passive acoustic recording sites (a) and land use map (b) in Guangzhou City, China

Fig. 2 Installation diagram of passive acoustic monitoring equipment

Table 1 Training results and classification accuracy of acoustic scene classification

编号 Code	声场景类型 Acoustic scene	精确率 Precision rate	召回率 Recall rate	F1得分 F1 score
1	鸟类 Brid	0.96	0.95	0.96
2	鸟类-昆虫 Bird-insect	0.98	0.98	0.98
3	鸟类-人工 Bird-human	0.96	0.98	0.98

Fig. 3 Statistical map of bird species numbers at recording sites. CH, Conghua Cultural Park; CQ, Chuanqi Park; CX, Chuangxin Park; DF, Dafu Mountain Forest Park; FR, Furongzhang Reservoir; HD, Huadu Lake Wetland Park; HG, Huangge Town Sports Park; HN, South China Agricultural University Arboretum; HS, Huangshanlu Forest; HZ1, Haizhu Wetland Plot No. 4; HZ2, Haizhu Wetland Research Learning Space; LJ, Lujing Park; LS, Longshan Ancient Tree Park; LT, Longtou Mountain Forest Park; LZ, Lychee Cultural Park; MA, Ma’anshan Park; MF, Maofeng Mountain Forest Park; NG, Niuguling Forest; SL, Shimalong Wetland Park; SM, Shimen Forest Park; TH, Tianhe Park; TZ, Taizikeng Forest Park; WQ, Wenquan Town Forest; XG, Xiaogang Park; XW, Xiawanna Wetland Park; YC, Yingcui Park; YX, Yuexiu Park; ZE, Zongerlu Forest; ZJ, Pearl River Park; ZX, Central Lake Park.

Table 2 Redundancy analysis results of the relationship between landscape features and bird species numbers

	排序轴 Sorting axis			总解释方差 Total explained variance (%)
	轴I Axis I	轴II Axis II	轴III Axis III	总解释方差 Total explained variance (%)
特征值 Eigenvalues	1.081	0.506	0.199	44.67
特征解释量 Eigenvalues explained (%)	27.05	12.66	4.96
特征累计解释量 Cumulative eigenvalues explained (%)	27.05	39.71	44.67

Fig. 4 Redundancy analysis (RDA) ordination plot of landscape features and bird species numbers (Red arrows represent target variables, blue arrows represent explanatory variables). PLAND-gs, Proportion of green space; MPS-gs, Mean patch size of green space; ENN-gs, Mean nearest-neighbor distance of green patches; PLAND-islet, Proportion of islet; PD-gallery, Patch density of gallery; PD-core, Patch density of core; MPS-gallery, Mean patch size of gallery; ALAN, Artificial night-time light.

Fig. 5 Relative importance of predictor variables in the random forest regression (RFR) model for bird species numbers. Parentheses contain the Pearson correlation coefficient. ALAN, Artificial night-time light; NDVI, Normalized difference vegetation index; PLAND-gs, Proportion of green space; MPS-gs, Mean patch size of green space; ENN-gs, Mean nearest-neighbor distance of green patches; PLAND-islet, Proportion of islet; PD-gallery, Patch density of gallery; PD-core, Patch density of core; MPS-gallery, Mean patch size of gallery; COHESOON-gs, Cohesion index of green patches; MESH-gs, Effective mesh size of green space; MPS-islet, Mean patch size of islet; PLAND-gallery, Proportion of gallery; PLAND-core, Proportion of core; MPS-core, Mean patch size of core; PD-gs, Patch density of green space; PD-islet, Patch density of islet. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.

Fig. 6 Regression tree for bird species numbers as the dependent variable. NDVI, Normalized difference vegetation index; PLAND-gs, Proportion of green space; MPS-gs, Mean patch size of green space; PLAND-islet, Proportion of islet; MPS-islet, Mean patch size of islet.

Fig. 7 Scattered matrix and loess fitting curve of landscape metrics and bird species numbers (Blue dashed line represents the lower and upper confidence limits, black solid line represents the landscape threshold). NDVI, Normalized difference vegetation index; PLAND-gs, Proportion of green space; MPS-gs, Mean patch size of green space; PLAND-islet, Proportion of islet; MPS-islet, Mean patch size of islet.

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