Diversity of culturable and in situ bacteria in surface seawater from the central Indian Ocean and the western South China Sea

doi:10.17520/biods.2021407

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Bacteria play an important role in driving biogeochemical cycling in the open ocean. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate the characteristics of marine bacteria and their potential role in the marine environment.

Methods: In this study, surface seawater was collected from 8 sites in the central Indian Ocean and the western South China Sea. Three different media were utilized for strains isolation and identification, and the 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing method was used to analyze the microbial classification and community composition of each study site.

Results: A total of 275 strains, belonging to 4 phyla, 49 genera and 75 species, were isolated and identified. Proteobacteria were the most dominant, accounting for 68.7% of the total isolates, followed by Actinobacteria (21.5%), Bacteroidetes (9.1%) and Firmicutes (0.7%). At the genus level, Microbacterium and Vibrio were the dominant genera, accounting for 30.0% of the total number of isolates. Bacterial abundance and species (89 isolates, 30 genera) in the 1/10 × 2216E medium were the highest among the three kinds of media. Seven, nine and three genera were only found in 2216E, 1/10 × 2216E and glucose-mannose (GM) medium, respectively. Fifty strains (26 species) were identified as potential novel taxa. The sequencing analysis revealed that 23 phyla and 531 genera were found in the surface seawater. Dominant phyla were Proteobacteria (72.2%) and Bacteroidetes (15.3%), dominant genera were Psychrobacter (24.4%), Halomonas (16.3%), and Sulfitobacter (13.9%). In addition, the Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou’s evenness index were significantly higher in the Indian Ocean than the South China Sea (P < 0.05), and bacterial community structure was significantly different between those two regions (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The results indicated that marine bacteria from the surface seawater of central Indian Ocean and western South China Sea were rich in diversity, and help the most value for further development and research.

Key words: central Indian Ocean, western South China Sea, surface seawater, high throughput sequencing, bacterial diversity

Chengqiang Xia, Yi Li, Yanru Dang, Qianqian Cha, Xiaoyan He, Qilong Qin. Diversity of culturable and in situ bacteria in surface seawater from the central Indian Ocean and the western South China Sea[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(1): 21407.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2021407

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2022/V30/I1/21407

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1 The information of sampling stations of the central Indian Ocean and the western South China Sea and biodiversity indices of uncultured bacterial communities

站位 Station	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	温度 Temperature (℃)	OTU	Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef’s richness index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou’s evenness index	Faith系统发育多样性指数 Faith’s PD index	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index
IO_1	51.30°E	36.93°S	19.8	519	45.15	0.75	32.00	6.77
IO_14	85.36°E	19.52°S	25.4	354	30.77	0.59	29.17	4.99
IO_20	96.62°E	11.29°S	29.2	349	30.33	0.62	26.18	5.24
SCS_4	111.47°E	9.25°N	30.5	470	40.88	0.55	35.39	4.88
SCS_6	112.52°E	12.78°N	30.0	380	33.03	0.49	31.09	4.22
SCS_7	113.25°E	15.17°N	29.6	379	32.95	0.54	30.76	4.63
SCS_8	114.20°E	17.17°N	30.0	424	36.87	0.53	35.08	4.66
SCS_9	115.45°E	19.19°N	30.9	323	28.07	0.52	27.58	4.32

Fig. 1 Distributions of cultivable bacteria at (A) phylum and (B) class level from different surface seawaters

Fig. 2 Cultivable bacterial diversity of genus isolated from surface seawaters

Fig. 3 Bacterial diversity and Venn analysis of differential genera isolated in three different media. 2216E, 2216E culture medium; 1/10 × 2216E, Diluted 10 times of 2216E culture medium; GM, Glucose-mannose culture medium.

Fig. 4 In situ bacterial composition distributions at phylum level across the surface seawaters of the central Indian Ocean (IO) and the western South China Sea (SCS)

Fig. 5 In situ bacterial composition distributions at genus level across the surface seawaters of the central Indian Ocean (IO) and the western South China Sea (SCS)

Fig. 6 The cluster dendrogram analysis based on Bray-Curtis similarity of ASVs in the surface seawaters of the central Indian Ocean (IO) and the western South China Sea (SCS)

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