Biodiv Sci ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1288-1294. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020490
• Special Feature: Ecosystem Authenticity and Integrity • Previous Articles Next Articles
Nan Jiang1,2, Weihua Xu1,*(), Juanjuan Zhao3, Yi Xiao1
Received:
2020-12-31
Accepted:
2021-06-25
Online:
2021-10-20
Published:
2021-10-20
Contact:
Weihua Xu
Nan Jiang, Weihua Xu, Juanjuan Zhao, Yi Xiao. Concept and assessment method of ecosystem authenticity: The case of Changbai Mountains area[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(10): 1288-1294.
内容 Content | 指标 Index | 说明 Introduction | 权重 Weight |
---|---|---|---|
森林起源 Forest origin | 起源方式 Mode of origin | 森林的主要生成方式 The main ways of forest formation | 0.3 |
演替阶段 Succession stage | 优势树种 Dominant tree | 森林小班内蓄积量占比最大的树种 The tree with the largest volume in forest sub-compartment | 0.3 |
龄组 Age group | 根据优势树种平均年龄划分 Classification by mean age of dominant tree | 0.3 | |
生长状况 Growth status | 单位蓄积 Unit stock volume | 单位面积活立木材积总量 Total volume of living standing trees per unit area | 0.1 |
Table 1 Weight of evaluation index for authenticity of forest ecosystem
内容 Content | 指标 Index | 说明 Introduction | 权重 Weight |
---|---|---|---|
森林起源 Forest origin | 起源方式 Mode of origin | 森林的主要生成方式 The main ways of forest formation | 0.3 |
演替阶段 Succession stage | 优势树种 Dominant tree | 森林小班内蓄积量占比最大的树种 The tree with the largest volume in forest sub-compartment | 0.3 |
龄组 Age group | 根据优势树种平均年龄划分 Classification by mean age of dominant tree | 0.3 | |
生长状况 Growth status | 单位蓄积 Unit stock volume | 单位面积活立木材积总量 Total volume of living standing trees per unit area | 0.1 |
指标 Index | 属性 Attribute | 赋值 Value |
---|---|---|
起源方式 Mode of origin | 天然更新 Natural regeneration | 1.0 |
飞播造林 Aerial seeding | 0.6 | |
人工造林 Artificial afforestation | 0.2 | |
优势树种 Dominant tree species | 顶级种组 Climax species group | 1.0 |
过渡种组 Developing species group | 0.6 | |
先锋种组 Pioneer species group | 0.4 | |
经济树种 Benefit-oriented species | 0.2 | |
龄组 Age group | 成过熟林 Mature forest | 1.0 |
近熟林 Near mature forest | 0.8 | |
中龄林 Middle forest | 0.4 | |
幼龄林 Young forest | 0.2 |
Table 2 Attribute and quantitative assignment of evaluation index for authenticity
指标 Index | 属性 Attribute | 赋值 Value |
---|---|---|
起源方式 Mode of origin | 天然更新 Natural regeneration | 1.0 |
飞播造林 Aerial seeding | 0.6 | |
人工造林 Artificial afforestation | 0.2 | |
优势树种 Dominant tree species | 顶级种组 Climax species group | 1.0 |
过渡种组 Developing species group | 0.6 | |
先锋种组 Pioneer species group | 0.4 | |
经济树种 Benefit-oriented species | 0.2 | |
龄组 Age group | 成过熟林 Mature forest | 1.0 |
近熟林 Near mature forest | 0.8 | |
中龄林 Middle forest | 0.4 | |
幼龄林 Young forest | 0.2 |
Fig. 1 Proportion of major vegetation types with different authenticity levels of forest ecosystem in the Changbai Mountains. Mn, Coniferous mixed forest; Mb, Broad-leaved mixed forest; Md, Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest; N1, The forest with Pinus koraiensis as dominant tree; N2, The forest with Picea spp. and Abies spp. as dominant tree; N3, The forest with Larix spp. as dominant tree; B1, The forest with Tilia spp. as dominant tree; B2, The forest with Quercus spp. as dominant tree; B3, The forest with Betula platyphylla as dominant tree; B4, The forest with Populus spp. as dominant tree; OT: Others.
Fig.2 Spatial distribution of the authenticity value of forest ecosystem in the Changbai Mountains. a, Helong City; b, Antu County; c, Fusong County; d, Linjiang City; e, Korean Autonomous County of Changbai.
[1] |
Anderson JE (1991) A conceptual framework for evaluating and quantifying naturalness. Conservation Biology, 5, 347-352.
DOI URL |
[2] | Chen G, Deng HB, Dai LM, Wu G (2005) Health assessment on forest ecosystem by using integrated compose index (ICI). Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25, 1725-1733. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[陈高, 邓红兵, 代力民, 吴钢 (2005) 综合构成指数在森林生态系统健康评估中的应用. 生态学报, 25, 1725-1733.] | |
[3] |
Clewell AF (2000) Restoring for natural authenticity. Ecological Restoration, 18, 216-217.
DOI URL |
[4] |
Dai YC, Xue YD, Zhang YY, Li DQ (2019) Summary comments on assessment methods of ecosystem integrity for national parks. Biodiversity Science, 27, 104-113. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI URL |
[代云川, 薛亚东, 张云毅, 李迪强 (2019) 国家公园生态系统完整性评价研究进展. 生物多样性, 27, 104-113.]
DOI |
|
[5] | Du A, Cui T, Song TY, Ouyang ZY (2020) International experiences of national park selection criteria and the inspirations to China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 40, 7231-7237. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[杜傲, 崔彤, 宋天宇, 欧阳志云 (2020) 国家公园遴选标准的国际经验及对我国的启示. 生态学报, 40, 7231-7237.] | |
[6] | Fan XH (2018) The Assembly and Development Mechanisms of Typical Natural Forest Community in Changbai Mountains. PhD dissertation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[范秀华 (2018) 长白山典型天然林群落形成与演变机制研究. 博士学位论文, 北京林业大学, 北京.] | |
[7] | Hao ZQ, Li BH, Zhang J, Wang XG, Ye J, Yao XL (2008) Broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest plot in Changbaishan (CBS) of China: Community composition and structure. Journal of Plant Ecology, 32, 238-250. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[郝占庆, 李步杭, 张健, 王绪高, 叶吉, 姚晓琳 (2008) 长白山阔叶红松林样地(CBS): 群落组成与结构. 植物生态学报, 32, 238-250.]
DOI |
|
[8] | He SY, Su Y (2019) Authenticity, integrity, connectivity and coordination-conceptual analysis and practical significance for the establishment of the national park system. Environmental Protection, 47(Z1), 28-34. (in Chinese) |
[何思源, 苏杨 (2019) 原真性、完整性、连通性、协调性概念在中国国家公园建设中的体现. 环境保护, 47(Z1), 28-34.] | |
[9] | Huang BR, Ouyang ZY, Zheng H, Wang XK, Miao H (2006) Connotation of ecological integrity and its assessment methods: A review. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 17, 2196-2202. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[黄宝荣, 欧阳志云, 郑华, 王效科, 苗鸿 (2006) 生态系统完整性内涵及评价方法研究综述. 应用生态学报, 17, 2196-2202.] | |
[10] | Li MH, Kruchi N, Yang J (2002) Hemeroby: A method to assess the naturalness of vegetation. Progress in Geography, 21, 450-458. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[李迈和, Norbert Kruchi, 杨健 (2002) 生态干扰度: 一种评价植被天然性程度的方法. 地理科学进展, 21, 450-458.] | |
[11] | Ma KM, Kong HM, Guan WB, Fu BJ (2001) Ecosystem health assessment: Methods and directions. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 21, 2106-2116. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[马克明, 孔红梅, 关文彬, 傅伯杰 (2001) 生态系统健康评价: 方法与方向. 生态学报, 21, 2106-2116.] | |
[12] | Ouyang ZY, Xu WH, Du A, Lei GC, Zhu CQ, Chen S (2018) Research on Overall Spatial Planning for China's National Park System. China Environment Publishing Group, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[欧阳志云, 徐卫华, 杜傲, 雷光春, 朱春全, 陈尚 (2018) 中国国家公园总体空间布局研究. 中国环境出版集团, 北京.] | |
[13] | Ruan YS, Lin L (2003) Authenticity in relation to the conservation of cultural heritage. Journal of Tongji University (Social Science Section), 14(2), 1-5. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[阮仪三, 林林 (2003) 文化遗产保护的原真性原则. 同济大学学报(社会科学版), 14(2), 1-5.] | |
[14] |
Saldarriaga JG, West DC, Tharp ML, Uhl C (1988) Long-term chronosequence of forest succession in the upper Rio Negro of Colombia and Venezuela. The Journal of Ecology, 76, 938.
DOI URL |
[15] |
Sprugel DG (1991) Disturbance, equilibrium and environmental variability: What is ‘Natural' vegetation in a changing environment? Biological Conservation, 58, 1-18.
DOI URL |
[16] |
Steiner CJ, Reisinger Y (2006) Understanding existential authenticity. Annals of Tourism Research, 33, 299-318.
DOI URL |
[17] |
Tveit M, Ode Å, Fry G (2006) Key concepts in a framework for analysing visual landscape character. Landscape Research, 31, 229-255.
DOI URL |
[18] | Wang SX, Xu JW, Meng QF (2020) Forest Ecosystem Evaluation of Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
王绍先, 许嘉巍, 孟庆繁 (2020) 吉林省长白山国家级自然保护区森林生态系统评价. 中国林业出版社, 北京.] | |
[19] | Wehenkel C, Corral-Rivas JJ, Castellanos-Bocaz HA, Pinedo-Alvarez A (2009) Is there a positive relationship between naturalness and genetic diversity in forest tree communities? Investigación Agraria: Sistemasy Recursos Forestules, 18, 20-27. |
[20] | Winter S, Fischer HS, Fischer A (2010) Relative quantitative reference approach for naturalness assessments of forests. Forest Ecology & Management, 259, 1624-1632. |
[21] | Wu YL, Li JZ, Yang YP, Zhou ZX (2010) Research advances in assessment of forest naturalness. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 29, 2065-2071. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[吴银莲, 李景中, 杨玉萍, 周志翔 (2010) 森林自然度评价研究进展. 生态学杂志, 29, 2065-2071.] | |
[22] | Yang R (2018) Study on setting standards for national parks in China. Forestry Construction, 36(5), 103-112. (in Chinese) |
[杨锐 (2018) 中国国家公园设立标准研究. 林业建设, 36(5), 103-112.] | |
[23] | Yu LQ, Li JW, Zhao XH, Ma L, Wu S, Bai XQ (2014) Ecologically critical areas of broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountains, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 25, 1250-1258. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[于琳倩, 李景文, 赵秀海, 马琳, 吴尚, 白雪琪 (2014) 长白山阔叶红松林生态保护关键区的确定. 应用生态学报, 25, 1250-1258.] | |
[24] | Yu QG (2007) Temporal and Spatial Differentiation of Forest Landscape in Relation to Naturalness. PhD dissertation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[喻庆国 (2007) 基于自然度的森林景观时空分异研究. 博士学位论文, 北京林业大学, 北京.] | |
[25] | Zhao ZH (2009) Evaluating Forest Naturalness Based on Stand State Characteristics. PhD dissertation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[赵中华 (2009) 基于林分状态特征的森林自然度评价研究. 博士学位论文, 中国林业科学研究院, 北京.] |
[1] | Yifei Sun Shizheng Wang Jiawei Feng Tianming Wang. Diel and seasonal variability of the forest soundscape in the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(1): 22523-. |
[2] | Guohua Li, Xiangyang Guo, Linming Li, Mingxun Ren, Ling Wan, Qiong Ding, Juanling Li. Macrofungal diversity in different vegetation types of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(7): 22110-. |
[3] | Wenbo Yan, Yanni Mo, Zhigao Zeng, Shaoliang Xue, Qi Wang, Chunsheng Liang, Zhuli Huang, Wen Luo, Daye Liu, Shiqin Mo, Xiaoguang Li, Lu Liang, Kunpeng Du. Distribution and conservation status of Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in Jianfengling, Hainan [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(6): 22106-. |
[4] | Xinrui Zhao, Siyuan He, Yang Su. How ecosystem integrity is realized at the management level: A case study on the system and mechanism of the unified management of a cross-provincial national park [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(3): 21493-. |
[5] | Chongyang Wang, Lianjun Zhao, Shiyong Meng. Spatial distribution pattern and protection strategy for orchids in landslide mass of the Wanglang National Nature Reserve [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(2): 21313-. |
[6] | Qiuju Chen, Zhixian Sun, Xuejian Li, Rui Zhang, Rui Xi, Chen Tian, Xin Wang, Yingchun Xing, Yahui Zhao. Fish diversity of Wuyishan National Park and its adjacent areas [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(11): 22260-. |
[7] | Wei Wang, Yue Zhou, Yu Tian, Junsheng Li. Biodiversity conservation research in protected areas: A review [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(10): 22459-. |
[8] | Kuan Li, Faxiang Li. Natural resource management of China’s national parks [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(1): 21179-. |
[9] | Conglin Zhang, Mengzhen Chu, Huizhi Zhang, Haijuan Qiao, Baorong Huang. Evaluation indicator system for the recreational sustainability management of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau national park cluster [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(6): 780-789. |
[10] | Xiyang Hao, Cha He, Kelin Chu, Zhixin Shen, Qiang Zhao, Wei Gao, Da Pan, Hongying Sun. The distribution pattern and biodiversity conservation of freshwater crabs in Hainan Island [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(5): 605-616. |
[11] | Boyan Li, Yanpeng Zhu, Weiwei Liu, Shuang Li, Mengdi Fu, Yueheng Ren, Xuan Cai, Junsheng Li. Pilot areas for national park system in China: Progress, problems and recommendations [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(3): 283-289. |
[12] | Zhicong Zhao, Rui Yang. The concept of national park authenticity and integrity in China and its evaluation framework [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(10): 1271-1278. |
[13] | Yafang Jiang, Jing Tian, Jingbo Zhao, Xiaoping Tang. The connotation and assessment framework of national park ecosystem integrity:A case study of the Amur Tiger and Leopard National Park [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(10): 1279-1287. |
[14] | Yangjing Peng, Zhihao Huang, Lele Lin, Ruifeng Wang, Guofa Cui. Exploring evaluation methods for integrity and authenticity of terrestrial natural ecosystems in national parks: The case of Qianjiangyuan National Park system pilot [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(10): 1295-1307. |
[15] | Xinlei Wei, Shu Li, Wenjun Dou, Bao Qi, Qi Wang, Yu Li. Species diversity of myxomycetes in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(1): 65-71. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||
Copyright © 2022 Biodiversity Science
Editorial Office of Biodiversity Science, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
Tel: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn