Asymmetric interactions in fig-fig wasp mutualism

doi:10.17520/biods.2020234

Abstract

Abstract:

Fig and fig-pollinating wasps constitute one of the most well-known systems of mutualistic interactions between species. However, interspecific competition and antagonism is increasingly observed in this obligate mutualism system, including competition over common resources, pollination cheating and host sanction, and an evolutionary arms race between the host tree and its pollinators. In the competitive and antagonistic interactions between fig and fig-pollinating wasps, three main asymmetric relationships have been identified: (1) asymmetric payoffs, i.e., asymmetric power between figs (host) and their pollinators (symbionts); (2) asymmetric rates of evolution; and (3) asymmetric information between figs and their pollinators. The asymmetric relationships may affect population dynamics and the mutual adaptation and evolutionary strategies of each species, which helps explain why both cooperation and conflict are simultaneously observed within a specific mutualism, and why diversified strategies and species coexistence are found in nearly all mutualism systems.

Key words: coevolution, pollination cheating, host sanction, evolutionary rate, arms race, asymmetric interaction

Liyuan Yang, Ruiwu Wang. Asymmetric interactions in fig-fig wasp mutualism[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(11): 1324-1332.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2020234

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2020/V28/I11/1324

Figures/Tables 4

References 60

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	雌雄同株 Monoecy	雌雄异株 Dioecy		性别功能 Sexual function
	雌雄同株 Monoecy	雄树 Male tree	雌树 Female tree	性别功能 Sexual function
雄花发育产物 Product from male flower	花粉 Pollen	花粉 Pollen	-	雄性功能 Male function
雌花发育产物 Product from female flower	小蜂 Wasp	小蜂 Wasp	-	雄性功能 Male function
雌花发育产物 Product from female flower	种子 Seed	-	种子 Seed	雌性功能 Female function

	雌雄同株 Monoecy	雌雄异株 Dioecy		性别功能 Sexual function
	雌雄同株 Monoecy	雄树 Male tree	雌树 Female tree	性别功能 Sexual function
雄花发育产物 Product from male flower	花粉 Pollen	花粉 Pollen	-	雄性功能 Male function
雌花发育产物 Product from female flower	小蜂 Wasp	小蜂 Wasp	-	雄性功能 Male function
雌花发育产物 Product from female flower	种子 Seed	-	种子 Seed	雌性功能 Female function

博弈策略 Strategy	受益方 Winner	博弈结果 Result	非对称关系 Asymmetric interaction	代表性文献 Typical reference
主动传粉 Active pollinating	榕树 Figs	榕树节约花粉 Figs produce less pollens	实力不对称 Asymmetric power	Kjellberg et al, 2001
传粉欺骗 Pollinator cheating	小蜂 Wasps	小蜂减少传粉负担 Wasp takes less burden for carrying pollens	信息不对称 Asymmetric information	Peng et al, 2008
寄主惩罚 Host sanction	榕树 Figs	防止欺骗者的出现 Reducing the cheating wasps	实力不对称 Asymmetric power	Jander & Herre, 2010
传粉投机者 Speculator	小蜂 Wasps	小蜂逃避寄主惩罚 The wasps avoid the host sanction	信息不对称 Asymmetric information	Jander et al, 2012
雌树诱骗 Female tree attracts wasp by mimicking male tree	榕树 Figs	小蜂失去繁殖机会 Wasps fail to reproduce	实力不对称 Asymmetric power	Cook & Rasplus, 2003
基因突变产生欺骗者 Mutation causes cheaters	小蜂 Wasps	维持种群内投机者比例 Stable proportion of cheaters in population	进化速率不对称 Asymmetric evolution rates	Jander & Steidinger, 2017

博弈策略 Strategy	受益方 Winner	博弈结果 Result	非对称关系 Asymmetric interaction	代表性文献 Typical reference
主动传粉 Active pollinating	榕树 Figs	榕树节约花粉 Figs produce less pollens	实力不对称 Asymmetric power	Kjellberg et al, 2001
传粉欺骗 Pollinator cheating	小蜂 Wasps	小蜂减少传粉负担 Wasp takes less burden for carrying pollens	信息不对称 Asymmetric information	Peng et al, 2008
寄主惩罚 Host sanction	榕树 Figs	防止欺骗者的出现 Reducing the cheating wasps	实力不对称 Asymmetric power	Jander & Herre, 2010
传粉投机者 Speculator	小蜂 Wasps	小蜂逃避寄主惩罚 The wasps avoid the host sanction	信息不对称 Asymmetric information	Jander et al, 2012
雌树诱骗 Female tree attracts wasp by mimicking male tree	榕树 Figs	小蜂失去繁殖机会 Wasps fail to reproduce	实力不对称 Asymmetric power	Cook & Rasplus, 2003
基因突变产生欺骗者 Mutation causes cheaters	小蜂 Wasps	维持种群内投机者比例 Stable proportion of cheaters in population	进化速率不对称 Asymmetric evolution rates	Jander & Steidinger, 2017