Spatial heterogeneities of ground-dwelling Coleoptera adults and their spatial correlations with environmental factors in a typical broad-leaved Korean pine forest in the Fenglin Nature Reserve

doi:10.17520/biods.2017255

Abstract

Abstract:

Spatial heterogeneities of soil animal communities and their associations with environmental factors are important for revealing the patterns and processes of soil ecosystems and maintenance mechanisms of soil biodiversity. This experiment was conducted in a typical mixed broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest plot in the Fenglin Nature Reserve in August and October of 2015. Geostatistics was used to reveal the spatial patterns of species number and individuals of ground-dwelling Carabidae and Staphylinidae adult communities and dominant species, and to explain the associations between these spatial patterns and soil water content and topographic variables. In total, 26 and 19 species of Carabidae and Staphylinidae beetles were caught and 617 and 222 individuals were collected, respectively. Variabilities in individuals and species numbers of communities were moderate in August and strong in October. Community compositions were significantly different between the two months. Carabidae and Staphylinidae communities showed moderate spatial autocorrelations in both growing (August) and relatively cold (October) seasons. Spatial heterogeneities of the Carabidae and Staphylinidae communities were determined by both random and structural factors. However, most species individuals exhibited significant spatial heterogeneities and these heterogeneities were controlled by structural factors. Individuals and species number of communities and dominant species individuals formed mosaic patterns with patches and gaps. Spatial associations between individuals and species numbers of communities and dominant species individuals with environmental factors were complex. Spatial associations were mainly controlled by structural or random factors. CCA analysis showed that soil water content in August had a significant effect on the species distribution of Carabidae and Staphylinidae adults in August. In October, the convexity had a significant impact on the distribution of Carabidae adults, and altitude was significantly related to the distribution of Staphylinidae adults. This experiment suggests that the spatial heterogeneities of Carabidae and Staphylinidae adults were obvious in the growing season, but not obvious in the relatively cold season. The results of this study will help us to understand the spatial variation and biodiversity maintenance mechanisms of soil animal communities at multiple scales.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/SWDY201801002

Key words: Carabidae, Staphylinidae, topographic factors, spatial heterogeneity, spatial association, mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest

Juanping Ni, Saisai Cheng, Meixiang Gao, Tingyu Lu, Guangze Jin. Spatial heterogeneities of ground-dwelling Coleoptera adults and their spatial correlations with environmental factors in a typical broad-leaved Korean pine forest in the Fenglin Nature Reserve[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2018, 26(1): 14-26.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2017255

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2018/V26/I1/14

Figures/Tables 9

References 36

1	Bivand RS, Pebesma EJ, Gómezrubio V (2013) Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R. Springer Science and Business Media, New York.
2	Cambardella CA, Moorman TB, Karlen DL, Novak JM, Turco RF, Konopka AE (1994) Field-scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58, 1501-1511.
3	Chen JX, Ma ZC, Yan HJ, Zhang F (2007) Roles of springtails in soil ecosystem. Biodiversity Science, 15, 154-161.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[陈建秀, 麻智春, 严海娟, 张峰 (2007) 跳虫在土壤生态系统中的作用. 生物多样性, 15, 154-161.]
4	Christiansen K, Bellinger PF (1980) Collembola of North America, North of the Rio Grand. Grinnell College, Grinnell Iowa.
5	Fernandez-Going BM, Adler PB, D’Antonio C (2014) How Does Spatial Heterogeneity Buffer Plant Species Against Climate Change? ESA Convention.
6	Gao MX, Liu D, Zhang XP, Wu DH (2016) Spatial relationships between the abundance of aboveground and belowground soil mite communities, and environmental factors in farmland on the Sanjiang Plain, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 36, 1782-1792.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[高梅香, 刘冬, 张雪萍, 吴东辉 (2016) 三江平原农田地表和地下土壤螨类丰富度与环境因子的空间关联性. 生态学报, 36, 1782-1792.]
7	Guo XD, Fu BJ, Ma KM, Chen LD, Yang FL (2000) Spatial variability of soil nutrients based on geostatistics combined with GIS: A case study in Zunhua City of Hebei Province. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 11, 557-563.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[郭旭东, 傅伯杰, 马克明, 陈利顶, 杨福林 (2000) 基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究—以河北省遵化市为例. 应用生态学报, 11, 557-563.]
8	Gutiérrez-López M, Jesús JB, Trigo D, Fernández R, Novo M, Díazi-Cosín DJ (2010) Relationships among spatial distribution of soil microarthropods, earthworm species and soil properties. Pedobiologia, 53, 381-389.
9	Holt RD (1984) Spatial heterogeneity, indirect interactions, and the coexistence of prey species. The American Naturalist, 124, 377-406.
10	Jia YH, Zhao CY, Nan ZR, Wan YX (2008) Spatial heterogeneity of soil salinity in groundwater-fluctuating region of the lower reaches of the Heihe River. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 45, 420-430.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[贾艳红, 赵传燕, 南忠仁, 万研新 (2008) 黑河下游地下水波动带土壤盐分空间变异性研究. 土壤学报, 45, 420-430.]
11	Lei ZD, Yang SX, Xie SZ (1998) Soil Water Dynamics. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing.(in Chinese)
	[雷志栋, 杨诗秀, 谢森传 (1988) 土壤水动力学. 清华大学出版社, 北京.]
12	Li HR, Reynolds JF (1995) On definition and quantification of heterogeneity. Oikos, 73, 280-284.
13	Li JK, Lin L, Zhang XP (2015a) Primary Colour Illustration of Soil Beetles in Northeastern China (Carabidae). Harbin Map Press, Harbin.(in Chinese)
	[李井科, 林琳, 张雪萍 (2015a) 原色中国东北土壤甲虫图鉴(步行虫类). 哈尔滨地图出版社, 哈尔滨.]
14	Li JK, Zhang LM, Zhang XP (2015b) Primary Colour Illustration of Soil Beetles in Northeastern China (Staphylinidae and Tenebrionidae). Harbin Map Press, Harbin.(in Chinese)
	[李井科, 张利敏, 张雪萍 (2015b) 原色中国东北土壤甲虫图鉴(隐翅虫类, 拟步甲类). 哈尔滨地图出版社, 哈尔滨.]
15	Li JQ, Li JW (2003) Regeneration and restoration of broad-leaved Korean pine forests in Lesser Xing’an Ridge in mountains of northeast China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 23, 1268-1277.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[李俊清, 李景文 (2003) 中国东北小兴安岭阔叶红松林更新及其恢复研究. 生态学报, 23, 1268-1277.]
16	Li YS, Wang GX, Ding YJ, Wang YB, Zhao L, Zhang CM (2008) Spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture in alpine meadow area of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Advances in Water Science, 19, 61-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[李元寿, 王根绪, 丁永建, 王一博, 赵林, 张春敏 (2008) 青藏高原高寒草甸区土壤水分的空间异质性. 水科学进展, 19, 61-67.]
17	Liu LX, Liu CZ, Mao ZJ (2011) Evaluation of forest ecosystem service functions in Fenglin Biosphere Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 33(3), 38-44.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[刘林馨, 刘传照, 毛子军 (2011) 丰林世界生物圈自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能价值评估. 北京林业大学学报, 33(3), 38-44.]
18	Lövei GL, Sunderland KD (1996) Ecology and behavior of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 41, 231-256.
19	Questad EJ, Foster BL (2008) Coexistence through spatio-temporal heterogeneity and species sorting in grassland plant communities. Ecology Letters, 11, 717-726.
20	Rainio J, Niemelä J (2003) Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as bioindicators. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12, 487-506.
21	Rossi JP, Lavelle P, Tondoh JE (1995) Statistical tool for soil biology. X. Geostatistical analysis. European Journal of Soil Biology, 31(4), 173-181.
22	Rusek J (1998) Biodiversity of Collembola and their functional role in the ecosystem. Biodiversity and Conservation, 7, 1207-1219.
23	Shi WJ, Yue TX, Shi XL, Song W (2012) Research progress in soil property interpolators and their accuracy. Journal of Natural Resources, 27, 163-175.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[史文娇, 岳天祥, 石晓丽, 宋伟 (2012) 土壤连续属性空间插值方法及其精度的研究进展. 自然资源学报, 27, 163-175.]
24	Sousa JP, Gama MMD, Ferreira CS (2003) Effects of replacing oak-woods by eucalyptus on edaphic Collembola communities: Does the size and type of plantation matter. Acta Entomologica Ibérica e Macaronésica, 1, 1-10.
25	Wang ZJ, Li DM, Shang HW, Cheng JA (2002) Theories and methods of geostatistics and their application in insect ecology. Entomological Knowledge, 39, 405-411.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[王正军, 李典谟, 商晗武, 程家安 (2002) 地质统计学理论与方法及其在昆虫生态学中的应用. 昆虫知识, 39, 405-411.]
26	Wang ZQ (1999) Geostatistics and Its Application in Ecology. Science Press, Beijing.(in Chinese)
	[王政权 (1999) 地统计学及在生态学中的应用. 科学出版社, 北京.]
27	Wu DH, Yin WY, Yan RQ (2008a) Influence of vegetation reclamation type on the characteristics of soil collembola community in seriously alkalinized and degraded grasslands of Songnen Plain. China Environmental Science, 28, 466-470.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[吴东辉, 尹文英, 阎日青 (2008a) 植被恢复方式对重度退化草原土壤跳虫群落的影响. 中国环境科学, 28, 466-470.]
28	Wu DH, Yin WY, Yin XQ (2008b) Comparisons among soil collembola community characteristics in relation to different vegetation restoration treatments in the moderate degraded grasslands in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 51, 509-515.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[吴东辉, 尹文英, 殷秀琴 (2008b) 松嫩草原中度退化草地不同植被恢复方式下土壤跳虫群落特征比较. 昆虫学报, 51, 509-515.]
29	Wu QB, Shen YP, Shi B (2003) Relationship between frozen soil together with its water-heat process and ecological environment in the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 25, 250-255.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[吴青柏, 沈永平, 施斌 (2003) 青藏高原冻土及水热过程与寒区生态环境的关系. 冰川冻土, 25, 250-255.]
30	Xia SW, Chen J, Schaefer D, Goodale UM (2016) Effect of topography and litterfall input on fine-scale patch consistency of soil chemical properties in a tropical rainforest. Plant and Soil, 404, 385-398.
31	Xu LN, Jin GZ (2012) Species composition and community structure of a typical mixed broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest plot in Liangshui Nature Reserve, Northeast China. Biodiversity Science, 20, 470-481.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[徐丽娜, 金光泽 (2012) 小兴安岭凉水典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地: 物种组成与群落结构. 生物多样性, 20, 470-481.]
32	Yin WY (1997) Ten-year progress in the study of soil zoology in China. China Science Foundation, 11, 48-51.(in Chinese)
	[尹文英 (1997) 中国土壤动物学研究10年进展. 中国科学基金, 11, 48-51.]
33	Zhao X, Xu LN, Jin GZ (2015) Effects of topography on shrub regeneration in typical broad-leaved Korean pine forests. Biodiversity Science, 23, 767-774.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[赵雪, 徐丽娜, 金光泽 (2015) 地形对典型阔叶红松林灌木更新的影响. 生物多样性, 23, 767-774.]
34	Zhou HZ, Yu XD, Luo TH, Li XY, Wang FY, Li DE, Zhou YLZ, Zhao CY (2014) Collection methods and sampling technique of ground dwelling and predating Carabids and Staphylinids beetles. Journal of Applied Entomology, 51, 1367-1375.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[周红章, 于晓东, 罗天宏, 李晓燕, 王凤艳, 李德娥, 周毓灵子, 赵彩云 (2014) 土壤步甲和隐翅虫的采集与田间调查取样技术. 应用昆虫学报, 51, 1367-1375.]
35	Zhu JY, Li JK, Cheng SS, Yan L, Hu YY, Cao Y, Ni JP, Liu J, Wang JF, Gao MX (2016) Community structure of adult Coleoptera on local scale in a mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest in the Xiao xing’an Mountains. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 44(12), 57-63.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[朱纪元, 李景科, 程赛赛, 闫龙, 胡媛媛, 曹阳, 倪娟平, 刘俊, 王继富, 高梅香 (2016) 小兴安岭阔叶红松林局地尺度地表鞘翅目成虫群落结构. 东北林业大学学报, 44(12), 57-63.]
36	Zhu XY, Li ZY, Chang L (2012) Changes in composition and the quantity of Bt in rice soil Collembola community. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32, 3546-3554.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[祝向钰, 李志毅, 常亮 (2012) 转Bt水稻土壤跳虫群落组成及其数量变化. 生态学报, 32, 3546-3554.]

	物种 Species	模型 Model	块金值 Nugget (C₀)	基台值 Sill (C₀+C)	变程 Range A₀ (m)	结构比 Structural ratio [C/(C₀+C)]
8月 August 2015	Pterostichus maoershanensis	高斯模型 Gau	0.005	0.018	140	0.734
	Pterostichus adstrictus	指数模型 Exp	0.110	0.210	150	0.476
	Carabus billbergi	高斯模型 Gau	0.008	0.020	110	0.597
	Megodontus vietinghoffi	指数模型 Exp	0.007	0.325	450	0.800
	Aulonocarabus canaliculatus	球状模型 Sph	0.120	0.199	150	0.397
	Philonthus wuesthoffi	指数模型 Exp	0.062	0.162	130	0.617
10月 October 2015	Pterostichus adstrictus	指数模型 Exp	0.001	0.003	330	0.805
10月 October 2015	Platynus ezoanus	球状模型 Sph	0.000	0.001	150	0.812

	物种 Species	模型 Model	块金值 Nugget (C₀)	基台值 Sill (C₀+C)	变程 Range A₀ (m)	结构比 Structural ratio [C/(C₀+C)]
8月 August 2015	Pterostichus maoershanensis	高斯模型 Gau	0.005	0.018	140	0.734
	Pterostichus adstrictus	指数模型 Exp	0.110	0.210	150	0.476
	Carabus billbergi	高斯模型 Gau	0.008	0.020	110	0.597
	Megodontus vietinghoffi	指数模型 Exp	0.007	0.325	450	0.800
	Aulonocarabus canaliculatus	球状模型 Sph	0.120	0.199	150	0.397
	Philonthus wuesthoffi	指数模型 Exp	0.062	0.162	130	0.617
10月 October 2015	Pterostichus adstrictus	指数模型 Exp	0.001	0.003	330	0.805
10月 October 2015	Platynus ezoanus	球状模型 Sph	0.000	0.001	150	0.812

	模型 Model	块金值 Nugget (C₀)	基台值 Sill (C₀+C)	变程 Range A₀ (m)	结构比 Structural ratio [C/(C₀+C)]
8月土壤含水量 SWC in Aug. (%)	高斯模型 Gau	0.070	0.082	52	0.146
10月土壤含水量 SWC in Oct. (%)	高斯模型 Gau	0.089	0.099	120	0.101
海拔 Altitude	球状模型 Sph	0.000	0.000	140	0.855
坡度 Slope	高斯模型 Gau	0.021	0.131	92	0.840
坡向 Aspect	高斯模型 Gau	0.034	0.664	150	0.949
凹凸度 Convex	球状模型 Sph	0.056	0.072	90	0.222

	模型 Model	块金值 Nugget (C₀)	基台值 Sill (C₀+C)	变程 Range A₀ (m)	结构比 Structural ratio [C/(C₀+C)]
8月土壤含水量 SWC in Aug. (%)	高斯模型 Gau	0.070	0.082	52	0.146
10月土壤含水量 SWC in Oct. (%)	高斯模型 Gau	0.089	0.099	120	0.101
海拔 Altitude	球状模型 Sph	0.000	0.000	140	0.855
坡度 Slope	高斯模型 Gau	0.021	0.131	92	0.840
坡向 Aspect	高斯模型 Gau	0.034	0.664	150	0.949
凹凸度 Convex	球状模型 Sph	0.056	0.072	90	0.222

	物种 Species	相关关系 Correlativity	结构比 Structural ratio [C/(C₀+C)]	决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R²)
8月 August 2015	Pterostichus maoershanensis - Pterostichus adstrictus	+	0.000	0.116
	Pterostichus maoershanensis - Carabus billbergi	+	0.565	0.325
	Pterostichus maoershanensis - Megodontus vietinghoffi	-	0.998	0.000
	Pterostichus maoershanensis - Aulonocarabus canaliculatus	+	0.000	0.131
	Pterostichus maoershanensis - Philonthus wuesthoffi	+	0.000	0.052
	Pterostichus adstrictus - Carabus billbergi	+	0.997	0.000
	Pterostichus adstrictus - Megodontus vietinghoffi	-	0.000	0.005
	Pterostichus adstrictus - Aulonocarabus canaliculatus	+	0.959	0.383
	Pterostichus adstrictus - Philonthus wuesthoffi	+	0.998	0.174
	Carabus billbergi - Megodontus vietinghoffi	+	0.000	0.000
	Carabus billbergi - Aulonocarabus canaliculatus	+	0.000	0.024
	Carabus billbergi - Philonthus wuesthoffi	+	0.999	0.226
	Megodontus vietinghoffi - Aulonocarabus canaliculatus	+	0.999	0.524
	Megodontus vietinghoffi - Philonthus wuesthoffi	-	0.000	0.247
	Aulonocarabus canaliculatus - Philonthus wuesthoffi	+	1.000	0.532
10月 October 2015	Pterostichus adstrictus - Platynus ezoanus	-	0.999	0.000