Biodiv Sci ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (6): 547-558. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2010.547
Special Issue: 外来物种入侵:机制、影响与防控; 物种形成与系统进化; 生物入侵
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Received:
2010-09-02
Accepted:
2010-11-08
Online:
2010-11-20
Published:
2011-01-31
Contact:
Keping Ma
Li Zhu, Keping Ma. On the niche stasis of intercontinental invasive plants[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2010, 18(6): 547-558.
陆内入侵 Intracontinental invasion | 洲际入侵 Intercontinental invasion | 生态位属性 Niche attribute | 参考文献 References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
扩散限制 Dispersal limitation | 程度低 Low | 程度高 High | 原产地受生态因素严重制约的物种, 其生态位更容易发生改变 Niche shifts easily occur in species which are confined in their native range by ecological factors. | |
种间作用 Species interaction | 天敌与竞争释放程度较弱 Weak release from enemies and competitors | 天敌与竞争释放程度较强 Strong release from enemies and competitors | 天敌释放或适应入侵生境新的种间关系的能力导致入侵种现实生态位发生偏移 Enemy release and the ability to adapt the new specific interaction in invaded range result in a realized niche shift. | |
适应性进化 Adapted evolution | 弱(原产地种群的连续基因流降低遗传变异) Weak (continuity of gene flow from native population decreases population variation) | 强(新种群的基因流增大遗传变异) Strong (gene flow from new population increases genetic variation) | 入侵种快速进化改变了原有的基础生态位 Rapid evolutionary of invasive species changes the original fundamental niche. | |
生态可塑性 Ecological plasticity | 存在 Occurred | 存在 Occurred | 生态可塑性增强物种在新生境的适应性, 使外来种在原产地生态位以外地区存活 Ecological plasticity enable the species to persist outside of its native fundamental niche. | |
边缘种群 Marginal population | 存在 Occurred | 存在 Occurred | 入侵边界的边缘种群扩展边缘生境而发生生态位偏移 Marginal populations on the invaded boundary spread beyond the margin, constituting the niche shift. | |
基因流连续性 Continuity of gene flow from original population | 是 Yes | 否 No | 长距离扩散和种群瓶颈导致生态位偏移, 而连续基因流会缩小这种偏移 Niche shifts are associated with long-distance dispersal and population bottlenecks, but continuity of gene flow from original populations decreases the niche shift. | |
杂交Hybridization | 种内、种间杂交均可 Both intraspecific and interspecific hybridization occur | 种内杂交依赖于引入种群数量, 可以种间杂交 Intraspecific hybridization depends on number of introduced populations; and interspecific hybridization occurs | 杂交后代比母本具有更高的适合度和更宽的生态幅 Hybrid offspring has a higher fitness and a wider niche breadth. |
Table 1 Overview of similarities and differences of the ecological processes influencing niche attributes between intercontinental invasion and intracontinental invasion
陆内入侵 Intracontinental invasion | 洲际入侵 Intercontinental invasion | 生态位属性 Niche attribute | 参考文献 References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
扩散限制 Dispersal limitation | 程度低 Low | 程度高 High | 原产地受生态因素严重制约的物种, 其生态位更容易发生改变 Niche shifts easily occur in species which are confined in their native range by ecological factors. | |
种间作用 Species interaction | 天敌与竞争释放程度较弱 Weak release from enemies and competitors | 天敌与竞争释放程度较强 Strong release from enemies and competitors | 天敌释放或适应入侵生境新的种间关系的能力导致入侵种现实生态位发生偏移 Enemy release and the ability to adapt the new specific interaction in invaded range result in a realized niche shift. | |
适应性进化 Adapted evolution | 弱(原产地种群的连续基因流降低遗传变异) Weak (continuity of gene flow from native population decreases population variation) | 强(新种群的基因流增大遗传变异) Strong (gene flow from new population increases genetic variation) | 入侵种快速进化改变了原有的基础生态位 Rapid evolutionary of invasive species changes the original fundamental niche. | |
生态可塑性 Ecological plasticity | 存在 Occurred | 存在 Occurred | 生态可塑性增强物种在新生境的适应性, 使外来种在原产地生态位以外地区存活 Ecological plasticity enable the species to persist outside of its native fundamental niche. | |
边缘种群 Marginal population | 存在 Occurred | 存在 Occurred | 入侵边界的边缘种群扩展边缘生境而发生生态位偏移 Marginal populations on the invaded boundary spread beyond the margin, constituting the niche shift. | |
基因流连续性 Continuity of gene flow from original population | 是 Yes | 否 No | 长距离扩散和种群瓶颈导致生态位偏移, 而连续基因流会缩小这种偏移 Niche shifts are associated with long-distance dispersal and population bottlenecks, but continuity of gene flow from original populations decreases the niche shift. | |
杂交Hybridization | 种内、种间杂交均可 Both intraspecific and interspecific hybridization occur | 种内杂交依赖于引入种群数量, 可以种间杂交 Intraspecific hybridization depends on number of introduced populations; and interspecific hybridization occurs | 杂交后代比母本具有更高的适合度和更宽的生态幅 Hybrid offspring has a higher fitness and a wider niche breadth. |
Fig. 1 Percentage in relative contributions of various origins of the invasive plants to each region. Intercontinental invasions (solid lines) were more prevalent than intracontinental invasions (dashed lines), primarily including the exchange of species among Eastern Asia-North America, Eastern Asia-South America, Europe-South Africa, Europe-North America, Europe-Eastern Asia, and North America-Oceania. Arrows indicating propagule pressure increased in thickness with increasing tourism and trade between regions. The black lines meant species invasion between Eastern Asia and North America suggesting that relatively more woody species migrated to North America whereas more herbaceous species migrated to Asia from North America (Guo et al., 2006). The grey lines represented species invaded to other continents from South Africa. Numbers indicated the number of South African plant species recorded as invasive in natural areas in the given region (from Weber, 2003). Data of the origins of the invasive plants to each region from Milton (2004), Harris et al. (2007), Fridley (2008), Lambdon et al. (2008) and Weber et al. (2008)
生态位属性 Niche attribute | 物种 Species | 原产地 Native range | 入侵地 Invasive range | 参考文献 References |
---|---|---|---|---|
生态位稳定 Niche stasis | 葱芥 Alliaria petiolata | 欧亚大陆 Eurasia | 北美 North America | |
莫邪菊 Carpobrotus edulis | 南非 South Africa | 欧洲、澳大利亚 Europe and Australia | ||
猪屎豆 Crotalaria pallida | 热带非洲 Tropical Africa | 巴西 Brazil | ||
飞机草 Chromolaena odorata | 中美洲 Central America | 热带非洲、亚洲 Tropical Africa, Asia | ||
大叶醉鱼草 Buddleja davidii | 中国 China | 欧洲、北美、新西兰 Europe, North America and New Zealand | ||
生态位偏移 Niche shift | 斑点矢车菊 Centaurea maculosa | 欧洲 Europe | 北美North America | |
3种山柳菊属植物 Hieracium spp. | 欧洲 Europe | 澳大利亚、新西兰和北美 Australia, New Zealand and North America |
Table 2 Evidence of niche stasis and niche shift of intercontinental invasive plants
生态位属性 Niche attribute | 物种 Species | 原产地 Native range | 入侵地 Invasive range | 参考文献 References |
---|---|---|---|---|
生态位稳定 Niche stasis | 葱芥 Alliaria petiolata | 欧亚大陆 Eurasia | 北美 North America | |
莫邪菊 Carpobrotus edulis | 南非 South Africa | 欧洲、澳大利亚 Europe and Australia | ||
猪屎豆 Crotalaria pallida | 热带非洲 Tropical Africa | 巴西 Brazil | ||
飞机草 Chromolaena odorata | 中美洲 Central America | 热带非洲、亚洲 Tropical Africa, Asia | ||
大叶醉鱼草 Buddleja davidii | 中国 China | 欧洲、北美、新西兰 Europe, North America and New Zealand | ||
生态位偏移 Niche shift | 斑点矢车菊 Centaurea maculosa | 欧洲 Europe | 北美North America | |
3种山柳菊属植物 Hieracium spp. | 欧洲 Europe | 澳大利亚、新西兰和北美 Australia, New Zealand and North America |
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