Species composition of alien plants in the built-up area of Beijing

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.019

Abstract

Abstract:

The widely-used practice of planting alien plant species has become a major concern in Chinese urban management. It is imperative to investigate the composition of alien plant species in urban areas for plant diversity protection and green space management. In this study, we investigated 1050 tree plots, 797 shrub plots and 2,228 herbaceous plots based on stratified random selection, within the fifth ring road area of Beijing. The results revealed the following: (1) There were 324 plant species from 208 genera and 80 families recorded in the study area; (2) The percentage of alien plants in the built-up area of Beijing was as high as 53%, and 64% of the alien species originated from America and Asia, and evergreens and lianas had the highest percentage of alien species among the various life forms present; (3) The major alien plant species in terms of high coverage, density and occurrence were Buchloe dactyloides, Amaranthus blitum, Chloris virgata, Euonymus japonicus, Sabina chinensis, Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus bungeana. Some of these species had become the dominant plant species in the green spaces of the study area; (4) The percentage of alien plant species in institutional green spaces was higher than other green spaces; (5) The chorological spectra of the alien plant genera were wide; and (6) Compared to native species, the percentages of tropical elements were higher and the percentages of temperate elements were lower in the study area. Our results highlighted the changes in plant species composition in Beijing caused by intensive introduction of alien plants with aesthetic values.

Key words: urban plants, alien plants, urban green space, life forms, dominant species, chorological spectra

Juanjuan Zhao, Zhiyun Ouyang, Hua Zheng, Weihua Xu, Xiaoke Wang, Yongming Ni. Species composition of alien plants in the built-up area of Beijing[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2010, 18(1): 19-28.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.019

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2010/V18/I1/19

Figures/Tables 6

References 46

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No.	绿地类型 Type of green space	定义或解释 Definition or interpretation
I	公园绿地 Park green space	向公众开放, 以游憩为主要功能, 兼具生态、美化、防灾等作用的绿地 Open to the public, set aside mainly for human recreation and enjoyment, also possess ecological and environmental functions and serve as places of refuge
II	防护绿地 Protective green space	具有卫生、隔离和安全防护功能的绿地。包括卫生隔离带、道路防护绿地、防风林、城市组团隔离带等 Urban green space set aside for sanitation, insulation and security purposes, including sanitation greenbelts, roadway protective green space, windbreak forest, and grouped greenbelts
III	公共设施绿地 Institutional green space	公共设施用地内的绿地, 包括学校、单位附属绿地等 Green space in an institutional area, including schools and institutional units
IV	居住区绿地 Residential green space	城市居住用地内社区公园以外的绿地, 包括组团绿地、宅旁绿地、小区道路绿地等 Green space in residential area excluding residential community parks, including grouped greenbelts, house-side green space, and residential subdistrict roadway green space
V	道路绿地 Street green space	道路广场用地内的绿地, 包括行道树绿带、分车绿带、交通岛绿地、交通广场和停车场绿地等 Green space in the area of roadways and piazzas, including street tree avenues, traffic island green space, traffic square green space, and parking lot green space
VI	荒地 Vacant land space	没有明确用途, 荒废、弃置的土地 Green space in vacant land with no definite land use

No.	绿地类型 Type of green space	定义或解释 Definition or interpretation
I	公园绿地 Park green space	向公众开放, 以游憩为主要功能, 兼具生态、美化、防灾等作用的绿地 Open to the public, set aside mainly for human recreation and enjoyment, also possess ecological and environmental functions and serve as places of refuge
II	防护绿地 Protective green space	具有卫生、隔离和安全防护功能的绿地。包括卫生隔离带、道路防护绿地、防风林、城市组团隔离带等 Urban green space set aside for sanitation, insulation and security purposes, including sanitation greenbelts, roadway protective green space, windbreak forest, and grouped greenbelts
III	公共设施绿地 Institutional green space	公共设施用地内的绿地, 包括学校、单位附属绿地等 Green space in an institutional area, including schools and institutional units
IV	居住区绿地 Residential green space	城市居住用地内社区公园以外的绿地, 包括组团绿地、宅旁绿地、小区道路绿地等 Green space in residential area excluding residential community parks, including grouped greenbelts, house-side green space, and residential subdistrict roadway green space
V	道路绿地 Street green space	道路广场用地内的绿地, 包括行道树绿带、分车绿带、交通岛绿地、交通广场和停车场绿地等 Green space in the area of roadways and piazzas, including street tree avenues, traffic island green space, traffic square green space, and parking lot green space
VI	荒地 Vacant land space	没有明确用途, 荒废、弃置的土地 Green space in vacant land with no definite land use

	乔木 Tree	灌木 Shrub	草本 Herb
城区绿地总体 All green space	圆柏 Sabina chinensis 银杏 Ginkgo biloba 紫薇 Lagerstroemia indica	大叶黄杨 Euonymus japonicus	野牛草 Buchloe dactyloides
公园绿地 Park green space	圆柏 S. chinensis 白皮松 Pinus bungeana 银杏 G. biloba 刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	大叶黄杨 E. japonicus 铺地柏 S. procumbens 小叶黄杨 Buxus sinica var. parvifolia 沙地柏 S. vulgaris	野牛草 B. dactyloides
防护绿地 Protective green space	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	银杏苗 G. biloba (seedling) 美国红梣苗 Fraxinus ennsylvanica (seedling) 金叶女贞 Ligustrum vicaryi 大叶黄杨 E. japonicus	凹头苋 Amaranthus blitum
公共设施绿地Institutional green space	圆柏 S. chinensis 雪松 Cedrus deodara 白皮松 P. bungeana 银杏 G. biloba 刺槐 R. peudoacacia	大叶黄杨 E. japonicus	野牛草 B. dactyloides
居住区绿地 Residential green space	银杏 G. biloba 刺槐 R. peudoacacia 雪松 C. deodara	大叶黄杨 E. japonicus	野牛草 B. dactyloides
道路绿地 Street green space	圆柏 S. chinensis 银杏 G. biloba	大叶黄杨 E. japonicus	野牛草 B. dactyloides
荒地 Vacant land space	/	/	虎尾草 Chloris virgata

	乔木 Tree	灌木 Shrub	草本 Herb
城区绿地总体 All green space	圆柏 Sabina chinensis 银杏 Ginkgo biloba 紫薇 Lagerstroemia indica	大叶黄杨 Euonymus japonicus	野牛草 Buchloe dactyloides
公园绿地 Park green space	圆柏 S. chinensis 白皮松 Pinus bungeana 银杏 G. biloba 刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	大叶黄杨 E. japonicus 铺地柏 S. procumbens 小叶黄杨 Buxus sinica var. parvifolia 沙地柏 S. vulgaris	野牛草 B. dactyloides
防护绿地 Protective green space	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	银杏苗 G. biloba (seedling) 美国红梣苗 Fraxinus ennsylvanica (seedling) 金叶女贞 Ligustrum vicaryi 大叶黄杨 E. japonicus	凹头苋 Amaranthus blitum
公共设施绿地Institutional green space	圆柏 S. chinensis 雪松 Cedrus deodara 白皮松 P. bungeana 银杏 G. biloba 刺槐 R. peudoacacia	大叶黄杨 E. japonicus	野牛草 B. dactyloides
居住区绿地 Residential green space	银杏 G. biloba 刺槐 R. peudoacacia 雪松 C. deodara	大叶黄杨 E. japonicus	野牛草 B. dactyloides
道路绿地 Street green space	圆柏 S. chinensis 银杏 G. biloba	大叶黄杨 E. japonicus	野牛草 B. dactyloides
荒地 Vacant land space	/	/	虎尾草 Chloris virgata

区系成分 Chorological spectra	国内外来种 National alien genera (%)	国外外来种 Abroad alien genera (%)	乡土种 Native genera (%)
世界分布 Cosmopolitan	4.0	6.8	17.3
泛热带分布 Pantropic	16.7	17.8	12.4
热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Tropical Asia and Tropical America disjuncted	0.8	16.9	0.5
旧世界热带 Old world Tropics	3.2	2.5	0.5
热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Tropical Asia and Tropical Australasia	5.6	0.8	2.2
热带亚洲至热带非洲 Tropical Asia to tropical Africa	0.0	5.9	1.6
热带亚洲(印度-马来西亚) Tropical Asia (Indo-Malesia)	5.6	0.8	1.6
北温带 North Temperate	23.8	17.8	24.3
东亚和北美间断 East Asia and North America disjuncted	9.5	11.0	5.4
旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	7.1	1.7	9.2
温带亚洲分布 Temperate Asia	0.8	0.8	2.7
地中海区、西亚至中亚分布 Mediterranea, West Asia to Central Asia	0.0	3.4	1.6
中亚 Central Asia	0.0	0.8	0.5
东亚(东喜马拉雅至日本) East Asia Eurasia and Temperate South America disjuncted	4.8	0.8	5.4
中国特有 Endemic to China	4.8	0.0	0.0
地中海区、西亚和东亚间断 Mediterranea, West Asia (or Central Asia), and East Asia disjuncted	2.4	1.7	1.6
地中海区和喜马拉雅间断分布 Mediterranea and Himalaya disjuncted	0.0	1.7	0.0
欧亚和南非洲(有时也在大洋洲)间断 Eurasia and South Africa (Sometimes also Australasia) disjuncted	0.8	2.5	1.1
地中海至温带、热带亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲间断 Mediterranea to Temperate-Tropical Asia, Australasia and South America disjuncted	0.0	0.0	0.5
中国-喜马拉雅(SH) Sino-Himalaya(SH)	0.0	0.0	1.1
中国-日本(SJ) Sino-Japan(SJ)	6.3	0.8	2.7
热带亚洲、大洋洲(至新西兰)和中、南美(或墨西哥)间断分布 Tropical Asia, Australasia (to New Zealand) and Central to South America (Mexico) disjuncted	0.0	0.0	0.5
热带亚洲、非洲和中、南美洲间断分布 Tropical Asia, Africa and Central to South America disjuncted	0.0	1.7	0.0
热带亚洲、非洲(或东非、马达加斯加)和大洋州间断分布 Tropical Asia., Africa (or East Africa, Madagascar) and Australasia disjuncted	0.0	0.0	0.5
北温带和南温带(全温带)间断 North Temperate and South Temperate disjuncted (Pan-temperate)	3.2	2.5	5.4
欧亚和南美洲温带间断 Eurasia and Temperate South America disjuncted	0.0	0.0	1.1
东亚和墨西哥间断分布 East Asia and Mexico disjuncted	0.8	0.8	0.0