Composition of endophytic fungi in Azadirachta indica from Yuanjiang County of Yunnan

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07200

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the endophytic fungi diversity inAzadirachta indica and discover new species and bioactive strains, we studied the composition, quantity, and distribution of endophytic fungi in A. indica from Yuanjiang County of Yunnan, which had been introduced from four different germplasm sources of India (ma, ku, ka and ck). A total of 372 endophytic fungi strains were isolated from the stem and fruits of A. indica. Of these, Colletotrichum (25.54%) was the most prevalent genus, followed by Alternaria (11.56%) and Xylaria(7.80%). The most dominant fungi appeared in the stems from ka (19.89%), ck (19.62%) and ma (18.82%), while the least appeared in the fruits from ka (5.11%) and ku (6.18%). The fungi from ma had the highest richness (29 genera) whereas those from ku had the lowest (23 genera). More species and strains were isolated from the stems than from the fruits. Species composition of endophytic fungi showed no significant difference among different germplasm sources. Some endophytic fungi were host- and tissue-specific. Rich endophytic fungi in A. indica may be an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites, especially the azadirachtins and related tetranortriterpenoids associated with the host plant.

Key words: distribution, richness, dominance, specificity

Shicheng Shao, Shaohua Wu, Youwei Chen, Lidong Wang, Liyuan Yang, Shaolan Li, Zhiying Li. Composition of endophytic fungi in Azadirachta indica from Yuanjiang County of Yunnan[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2008, 16(1): 63-67.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07200

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2008/V16/I1/63

Figures/Tables 3

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属 Genus	ma		ku			ka			ck			优势度 Dominance(%)
属 Genus	茎 Stem	果实 Fruit		茎Stem	果实 Fruit		茎Stem	果实 Fruit		茎Stem	果实 Fruit		ma	ku	ka	ck
Ceratosphaeria	- -		1 -			- -			- -			-		0.27	-	-
Chaetomium	- 2		- 1			- -			- -			0.54		0.27	-	-
Rehmiellopsis	1 -		- -			- -			2 -			0.27		-	-	0.54
Sordaria	1 1		2 -			4 -			3 2			0.54		0.54	1.08	1.35
Xylaria	2 3		4 2			6 2			8 2			1.35		1.62	2.16	2.70
Alternaria	10 -		7 -			7 -			13 6			2.70		1.89	1.89	5.12
Ampelomyces	1 -		- -			- -			- -			0.27		-	-	-
Aposphaeria	1 -		1 1			1 -			3 -			0.27		0.54	0.27	0.81
Aspergillus	1 -		9 2			- -			5 -			0.27		2.96	-	1.35
Aureobasidium	2 -		- -			2 -			- -			0.54		-	0.54	-
Bipolaris	- -		- -			- 1			- -			-		-	0.27	-
Cephalosporium	- -		- -			- -			1 -			-		-	-	0.27
Chromosporium	1 -		- -			- -			- -			0.27		-	-	-
Cladosporium	5 -		1 2			- 1			2 -			1.35		0.81	0.27	0.54
Colletotrichum	16 15		10 3			25 5			8 13			8.36		3.50	8.09	5.66
Curvularia	2 -		- -			- 1			- -			0.54		-	0.27	-
Dendrophoma	1 -		- -			- -			1 -			0.27		-	-	0.27
Dicoccum	- -		- -			1 -			- -			-		-	0.27	-
Dictyoarthrinium	- -		- -			- -			1 -			-		-	-	0.27
Dothichiza	- -		- 1			- -			- -			-		0.27	-	-
Dothiorella	- 1		- -			- -			- -			0.27		-	-	-
Epicoccum	- -		1 -			- -			1 -			-		0.27	-	0.27
Fusarium	4 -		- 1			- 1			1 -			1.08		0.27	0.27	0.27
Geotrichum	- -		- 1			- -			- -			-		0.27	-	-
Gonytrichum	- -		- -			1 -			- -			-		-	0.27	-
Helminthosporium	- -		1 -			- -			- -			-		0.27	-	-
Hormodendrum	- -		- -			- -			1 -			-		-	-	0.27
Macrophoma	2 -		- -			1 -			- -			0.54		-	0.27	-
Mastigosporium	1 -		- -			- -			- -			0.27		-	-	-
Monochaetia	- -		- -			1 -			- -			-		-	0.27	-
Monotospora	2 -		- -			- -			- -			0.54		-	-	-
Myceliophthora	1 -		- 1			1 -			- -			0.27		0.27	0.27	-
Nigrospora	1 -		1 -			- -			- 1			0.27		0.27	-	0.27
Paecilomyces	- -		- -			- -			1 -			-		-	-	0.27
Pestalotiopsis	1 -		- -			8 -			- 1			0.27		-	2.16	0.27
Peyronellaea	1 -		- -			- 2			- -			0.27		-	0.54	-
Phoma	2 -		1 -			1 -			2 -			0.54		0.27	0.27	0.54
Phomopsis	1 -		1 -			1 -			- -			0.27		0.27	0.27	-
Phragmotrichum	1 -		- -			- -			1 -			0.27		-	-	0.27
Phyllosticta	- -		- -			1 -			3 -			-		-	0.27	0.81
Pithomyces	- -		1 -			- -			- -			-		0.27	-	-
Plenodomus	- -		- -			- -			2 -			-		-	-	0.54
Pyrenochaeta	1 -		- -			- -			- 1			0.27		-	-	0.27
Sphaceloma	- -		- 1			1 -			- -			-		0.27	0.27	-
Sphaeronema	- -		- -			- -			1 -			-		-	-	0.27
Sphaeropsis	- -		- 1			2 -			- -			-		0.27	0.54	-
Stemphylium	1 -		- -			- -			- -			0.27		-	-	-
Trichoderma	- -		2 2			- -			1 -			-		1.08	-	0.27
Ulocladium	1 -		1 -			1 -			- -			0.27		0.27	0.27	-
Vermicularia	- -		- -			2 -			- -			-		-	0.54	-
Agonomycetales	6 9		3 4			7 6			12 9			4.04		1.89	3.50	5.66
总计 Total	70 31		47 23			74 19			73 35			27.15		18.82	25.00	29.03

属 Genus	ma		ku			ka			ck			优势度 Dominance(%)
属 Genus	茎 Stem	果实 Fruit		茎Stem	果实 Fruit		茎Stem	果实 Fruit		茎Stem	果实 Fruit		ma	ku	ka	ck
Ceratosphaeria	- -		1 -			- -			- -			-		0.27	-	-
Chaetomium	- 2		- 1			- -			- -			0.54		0.27	-	-
Rehmiellopsis	1 -		- -			- -			2 -			0.27		-	-	0.54
Sordaria	1 1		2 -			4 -			3 2			0.54		0.54	1.08	1.35
Xylaria	2 3		4 2			6 2			8 2			1.35		1.62	2.16	2.70
Alternaria	10 -		7 -			7 -			13 6			2.70		1.89	1.89	5.12
Ampelomyces	1 -		- -			- -			- -			0.27		-	-	-
Aposphaeria	1 -		1 1			1 -			3 -			0.27		0.54	0.27	0.81
Aspergillus	1 -		9 2			- -			5 -			0.27		2.96	-	1.35
Aureobasidium	2 -		- -			2 -			- -			0.54		-	0.54	-
Bipolaris	- -		- -			- 1			- -			-		-	0.27	-
Cephalosporium	- -		- -			- -			1 -			-		-	-	0.27
Chromosporium	1 -		- -			- -			- -			0.27		-	-	-
Cladosporium	5 -		1 2			- 1			2 -			1.35		0.81	0.27	0.54
Colletotrichum	16 15		10 3			25 5			8 13			8.36		3.50	8.09	5.66
Curvularia	2 -		- -			- 1			- -			0.54		-	0.27	-
Dendrophoma	1 -		- -			- -			1 -			0.27		-	-	0.27
Dicoccum	- -		- -			1 -			- -			-		-	0.27	-
Dictyoarthrinium	- -		- -			- -			1 -			-		-	-	0.27
Dothichiza	- -		- 1			- -			- -			-		0.27	-	-
Dothiorella	- 1		- -			- -			- -			0.27		-	-	-
Epicoccum	- -		1 -			- -			1 -			-		0.27	-	0.27
Fusarium	4 -		- 1			- 1			1 -			1.08		0.27	0.27	0.27
Geotrichum	- -		- 1			- -			- -			-		0.27	-	-
Gonytrichum	- -		- -			1 -			- -			-		-	0.27	-
Helminthosporium	- -		1 -			- -			- -			-		0.27	-	-
Hormodendrum	- -		- -			- -			1 -			-		-	-	0.27
Macrophoma	2 -		- -			1 -			- -			0.54		-	0.27	-
Mastigosporium	1 -		- -			- -			- -			0.27		-	-	-
Monochaetia	- -		- -			1 -			- -			-		-	0.27	-
Monotospora	2 -		- -			- -			- -			0.54		-	-	-
Myceliophthora	1 -		- 1			1 -			- -			0.27		0.27	0.27	-
Nigrospora	1 -		1 -			- -			- 1			0.27		0.27	-	0.27
Paecilomyces	- -		- -			- -			1 -			-		-	-	0.27
Pestalotiopsis	1 -		- -			8 -			- 1			0.27		-	2.16	0.27
Peyronellaea	1 -		- -			- 2			- -			0.27		-	0.54	-
Phoma	2 -		1 -			1 -			2 -			0.54		0.27	0.27	0.54
Phomopsis	1 -		1 -			1 -			- -			0.27		0.27	0.27	-
Phragmotrichum	1 -		- -			- -			1 -			0.27		-	-	0.27
Phyllosticta	- -		- -			1 -			3 -			-		-	0.27	0.81
Pithomyces	- -		1 -			- -			- -			-		0.27	-	-
Plenodomus	- -		- -			- -			2 -			-		-	-	0.54
Pyrenochaeta	1 -		- -			- -			- 1			0.27		-	-	0.27
Sphaceloma	- -		- 1			1 -			- -			-		0.27	0.27	-
Sphaeronema	- -		- -			- -			1 -			-		-	-	0.27
Sphaeropsis	- -		- 1			2 -			- -			-		0.27	0.54	-
Stemphylium	1 -		- -			- -			- -			0.27		-	-	-
Trichoderma	- -		2 2			- -			1 -			-		1.08	-	0.27
Ulocladium	1 -		1 -			1 -			- -			0.27		0.27	0.27	-
Vermicularia	- -		- -			2 -			- -			-		-	0.54	-
Agonomycetales	6 9		3 4			7 6			12 9			4.04		1.89	3.50	5.66
总计 Total	70 31		47 23			74 19			73 35			27.15		18.82	25.00	29.03

种源地 Germplasm source	菌株总数 Total isolates		优势度 Dominance (%)			物种丰富度 Species richness
种源地 Germplasm source	茎 Stem	果实 Fruit		茎Stem	果实 Fruit		茎Stem	果实 Fruit	总计 Sum
ma	70 31		18.82 8.33			27 5			29
ku	47 23		12.63 6.18			16 13			23
ka	74 19		19.89 5.11			19 7			24
ck	73 35		19.62 9.41			21 7			24

种源地 Germplasm source	菌株总数 Total isolates		优势度 Dominance (%)			物种丰富度 Species richness
种源地 Germplasm source	茎 Stem	果实 Fruit		茎Stem	果实 Fruit		茎Stem	果实 Fruit	总计 Sum
ma	70 31		18.82 8.33			27 5			29
ku	47 23		12.63 6.18			16 13			23
ka	74 19		19.89 5.11			19 7			24
ck	73 35		19.62 9.41			21 7			24

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