Influence of geographic distance and environmental factors on beta diversity of plants in the Alxa gobi region in northern China

doi:10.17520/biods.2022029

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: The gobi desert covers over 200,000 km² on the Alxa Plateau in northern China. Due to climate change, the ecosystem is subject to continuous warming and extreme weather events. Yet, the relative impacts of environmental filtering versus dispersal limitations on β diversity and its two components, species turnover and nestedness, in this unique ecosystem are still unclear.

Methods: We selected 276 plant plots in the gobi desert region of Alxa to examine how geographic distance and environmental factors influence β diversity and its two components.

Results: The results showed that: (1) β diversity and species turnover had a significantly linear relationship with geographic distance, and most of the variance in β diversity of the plant community was caused by species turnover and not nestedness. (2) A partial Mantel analysis showed that both environmental distance and geographic distance impacted β diversity and species turnover. Variance partitioning analysis indicated that while environmental distance and geographic distance together explained 10.84%-17.67% and 15.47%-24.81% of the variation in β diversity and species turnover on the Bray-Curtis and Sørensen indices, respectively, environmental distance alone explained 6.62%-9.97% and 8.98%-14.51%. Among all environmental factors, mean diurnal range, soil water content, and surface gravel coverage were the most important variables for explaining β diversity and species turnover.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that while β diversity in the gobi desert region of Alxa is determined by environmental filtering, dispersal limitation, and other unexamined processes together, environmental filtering may have the strongest impacts.

Key words: β diversity, species turnover, species nestedness, environmental filtering, dispersal limitation

Mengjun Qu, Nueryila·Ababaike , Xuge Zou, Hang Zhao, Weilin Zhu, Jianming Wang, Jingwen Li. Influence of geographic distance and environmental factors on beta diversity of plants in the Alxa gobi region in northern China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(11): 22029.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2022029

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2022/V30/I11/22029

Figures/Tables 6

References 59

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变量 Variables	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD
经度 Longitude	98.06°-106.33° E	102.82	2.38
纬度 Latitude	37.47°-42.49° N	40.54	1.36
海拔 Altitude (m)	855.00-1,937.67	1,228.55	245.82
土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	0.05-7.87	1.93	1.79
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (mg/g)	0.06-1.47	0.34	0.24
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon (mg/g)	0.99-12.46	4.02	2.13
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	7.65-9.55	8.45	0.42
地表砾石盖度 Surface gravel coverage (%)	0.00-0.95	0.46	0.26
年均温 Mean annual temperature (℃)	5.18-9.14	7.85	1.07
最冷月均温 Mean temperature of coldest month (℃)	-12.40 to -7.60	-10.29	1.12
最热月均温 Mean temperature of warmest month (℃)	20.00-26.50	24.00	1.57
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range (℃)	12.80-15.00	14.32	0.57
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (℃)	42.90-51.50	48.18	2.11
年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	29.00-223.00	90.20	53.73
湿润指数 Moisture index	-97.48 to -75.73	-91.57	5.18
实际蒸散量 Actual evapotranspiration (mm)	32.00-202.00	86.14	45.67
潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (mm)	919.00-1,157.00	1,086.26	54.99

变量 Variables	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD
经度 Longitude	98.06°-106.33° E	102.82	2.38
纬度 Latitude	37.47°-42.49° N	40.54	1.36
海拔 Altitude (m)	855.00-1,937.67	1,228.55	245.82
土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	0.05-7.87	1.93	1.79
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (mg/g)	0.06-1.47	0.34	0.24
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon (mg/g)	0.99-12.46	4.02	2.13
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	7.65-9.55	8.45	0.42
地表砾石盖度 Surface gravel coverage (%)	0.00-0.95	0.46	0.26
年均温 Mean annual temperature (℃)	5.18-9.14	7.85	1.07
最冷月均温 Mean temperature of coldest month (℃)	-12.40 to -7.60	-10.29	1.12
最热月均温 Mean temperature of warmest month (℃)	20.00-26.50	24.00	1.57
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range (℃)	12.80-15.00	14.32	0.57
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (℃)	42.90-51.50	48.18	2.11
年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	29.00-223.00	90.20	53.73
湿润指数 Moisture index	-97.48 to -75.73	-91.57	5.18
实际蒸散量 Actual evapotranspiration (mm)	32.00-202.00	86.14	45.67
潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (mm)	919.00-1,157.00	1,086.26	54.99

影响因素 Variables	控制因素 Control variables	Bray-Curtis			S?rensen
影响因素 Variables	控制因素 Control variables	总体 Total	周转 Turnover	嵌套 Nestedness	总体 Total	周转 Turnover	嵌套 Nestedness
环境距离 Environmental distance	-	0.3063^**	0.2790^**	-0.2198	0.3715^**	0.3052^**	-0.1239
地理距离 Geographic distance	-	0.2461^**	0.2006^**	-0.1110	0.2706^**	0.2427^**	-0.1333
环境距离 Environmental distance	地理距离 Geographic distance	0.2251^**	0.2151^**	-0.1913	0.2896^**	0.2254^**	-0.0717
地理距离 Geographic distance	环境距离 Environmental distance	0.1257^**	0.0860^*	-0.0125	0.1226^**	0.1222^**	-0.0870

影响因素 Variables	控制因素 Control variables	Bray-Curtis			S?rensen
影响因素 Variables	控制因素 Control variables	总体 Total	周转 Turnover	嵌套 Nestedness	总体 Total	周转 Turnover	嵌套 Nestedness
环境距离 Environmental distance	-	0.3063^**	0.2790^**	-0.2198	0.3715^**	0.3052^**	-0.1239
地理距离 Geographic distance	-	0.2461^**	0.2006^**	-0.1110	0.2706^**	0.2427^**	-0.1333
环境距离 Environmental distance	地理距离 Geographic distance	0.2251^**	0.2151^**	-0.1913	0.2896^**	0.2254^**	-0.0717
地理距离 Geographic distance	环境距离 Environmental distance	0.1257^**	0.0860^*	-0.0125	0.1226^**	0.1222^**	-0.0870

	Bray-Curtis指数 Bray-Curtis index		S?rensen指数 S?rensen index
	R²= 0.167	R²= 0.099	R²= 0.236	R²= 0.138
	总体 Total	周转 Turnover	总体 Total	周转 Turnover
ln(地理距离) ln(Geographic distance)	4.60	2.98	8.19	5.32
海拔 Altitude	2.16	-	4.35	-
土壤含水量 Soil water content	2.21	1.55	3.56	2.21
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen	-	-	-	-
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon	-	-	-	-
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	1.59	-	-	-
地表砾石盖度 Surface gravel coverage	1.96	1.20	2.57	1.85
年均温 Mean annual temperature	1.85	1.89	-	-
最冷月均温 Mean temperature of coldest month	-	-	-	-
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range	2.33	2.31	4.93	4.43
气温年较差 Temperature annual range	-	-	-	-