Distribution pattern of plant species richness of uninhabited islands in the Bohai Sea area

doi:10.17520/biods.2021231

Abstract

Abstract:

Aim: Our purpose is to investigate the distribution pattern and its characteristics of plant species richness in uninhabited isles in the Bohai Sea area.

Methods: We collected quadrat and precipitation data from nine uninhabited isles. Combining species-area relationship and the species-abundance model (logarithmic normal distribution model), we explored the distribution pattern of plant species richness in uninhabited isles.

Results: Our results revealed that: (1) The relative abundance distribution of woody plants on uninhabited isles located in temperate regions displayed the logarithmic normal distribution characteristics. Common species with a larger number of individuals of woody plant communities were less numerous, while rare species with smaller individuals were more common. (2) The number of species on most uninhabited isles was between 60 and 130 in the Bohai Sea, that showed relatively high species richness. (3) Combined with the geographic location analysis of the isles, it was found that the isles with high species richness were largely located in the reserve, suggesting that plant hotspots in the Bohai Sea area were effectively protected.

Conclusion: Both the species abundance distribution model and the species-area relationship model are important tools to reveal the species richness distribution on isles. Our results suggest that the ecological niche theory is more important for maintaining the process of species diversity on the Bohai Sea area.

Key words: Bohai Sea area, logarithmic normal distribution model, uninhabited isle, species richness, species-area relationship

Lan Xiao, Biao Dong, Linting Zhang, Chuanyuan Deng, Xia Li, Jianhui Liu, Duancong Wu. Distribution pattern of plant species richness of uninhabited islands in the Bohai Sea area[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(4): 21231.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2021231

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2022/V30/I4/21231

Figures/Tables 7

References 36

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岛屿名称 Island name	所属省 Province	物质组成 Properties	面积 Area (ha)	距大陆距离 Distance to the mainland (km)	距大陆距离或距最近海岛距离 Distance to the mainland or nearest island (m)	生活型组成 Life form	植被覆盖率 Vegetation cover	样方数量 No. of investigation plots	丰富度 Richness
情人岛 Qingrendao	辽宁 Liaoning	基岩岛 Bedrock island	6.15	0.56	3,802	乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb	82.22%	10	81
金州南坨子 Jinzhounantuozi	辽宁 Liaoning	基岩岛 Bedrock island	11.55	0.66	2,155	灌木、草本 Shrub, and herb	98.82%	11	104
鹿鸣岛 Lumingdao	辽宁 Liaoning	基岩岛 Bedrock island	75.6	0.89	596	乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb	95.54%	7	108
双岛 Shuangdao	辽宁 Liaoning	基岩岛 Bedrock island	14.66	0.65	6	乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb	97.47%	10	106
羊砣子岛 Yangtuozidao	山东 Shandong	基岩岛 Bedrock island	10.42	13.58	155	乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb	79.25%	3	107
南砣子岛 Nantuozidao	山东 Shandong	基岩岛 Bedrock island	14.67	15	455	乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb	75.64%	3	107
鱼鳞岛 Yulindao	山东 Shandong	基岩岛 Bedrock island	1.24	14.44	455	灌木、草本 Shrub, and herb	39.52%	3	67
广利岛Guanglidao	山东 Shandong	沙泥岛 Sandy island	12.67	0.1	1,000	灌木、草本 Shrub, and herb	68.85%	1	32
东蚂蚁岛Dongmayidao	辽宁 Liaoning	基岩岛 Bedrock island	87.2	7.53	22	乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb	91.38%	16	127

岛屿名称 Island name	所属省 Province	物质组成 Properties	面积 Area (ha)	距大陆距离 Distance to the mainland (km)	距大陆距离或距最近海岛距离 Distance to the mainland or nearest island (m)	生活型组成 Life form	植被覆盖率 Vegetation cover	样方数量 No. of investigation plots	丰富度 Richness
情人岛 Qingrendao	辽宁 Liaoning	基岩岛 Bedrock island	6.15	0.56	3,802	乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb	82.22%	10	81
金州南坨子 Jinzhounantuozi	辽宁 Liaoning	基岩岛 Bedrock island	11.55	0.66	2,155	灌木、草本 Shrub, and herb	98.82%	11	104
鹿鸣岛 Lumingdao	辽宁 Liaoning	基岩岛 Bedrock island	75.6	0.89	596	乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb	95.54%	7	108
双岛 Shuangdao	辽宁 Liaoning	基岩岛 Bedrock island	14.66	0.65	6	乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb	97.47%	10	106
羊砣子岛 Yangtuozidao	山东 Shandong	基岩岛 Bedrock island	10.42	13.58	155	乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb	79.25%	3	107
南砣子岛 Nantuozidao	山东 Shandong	基岩岛 Bedrock island	14.67	15	455	乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb	75.64%	3	107
鱼鳞岛 Yulindao	山东 Shandong	基岩岛 Bedrock island	1.24	14.44	455	灌木、草本 Shrub, and herb	39.52%	3	67
广利岛Guanglidao	山东 Shandong	沙泥岛 Sandy island	12.67	0.1	1,000	灌木、草本 Shrub, and herb	68.85%	1	32
东蚂蚁岛Dongmayidao	辽宁 Liaoning	基岩岛 Bedrock island	87.2	7.53	22	乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb	91.38%	16	127

东蚂蚁岛木本植物 Woody plants in Dongmayidao							9个海岛木本植物 Woody plants in 9 islands
倍频程 Class			参数估计 Parameter estimation		遗传估计 Genetic algorithm		倍频程 Class			参数估计 Parameter estimation		遗传估计 Genetic algorithm
		a	0.1800		0.1882				a	0.1600		0.1612
		S₀	3.7000		3.4367				S₀	6.3000		5.7879
	R	观测S(R) Observed	期望S(R) Expected	χ²	期望S(R) Expected	χ²		R	观测S(R) Observed	期望S(R) Expected	χ²	期望S(R) Expected	χ²
1	-6	2	1.15	0.62	0.96	1.13	1	-6	3	2.51	0.10	2.27	0.23
2	-5	0	1.65	1.65	1.42	1.42	2	-5	2.5	3.32	0.20	3.02	0.09
3	-4	1	2.20	0.66	1.95	0.46	3	-4	4.5	4.18	0.02	3.82	0.12
4	-3	0	2.76	2.76	2.50	2.50	4	-3	2	5.00	1.80	4.58	1.45
5	-2	3	3.25	0.02	2.98	0.00	5	-2	3.5	5.69	0.84	5.22	0.56
6	-1	3	3.58	0.09	3.32	0.03	6	-1	2	6.14	2.79	5.64	2.35
7	0	7	3.70	2.94	3.44	3.69	7	0	10.5	6.30	2.80	5.79	3.84
8	1	1	3.58	1.86	3.32	1.62	8	1	3.5	6.14	1.14	5.64	0.81
9	2	0	3.25	3.25	2.98	2.98	9	2	5.5	5.69	0.01	5.22	0.02
10	3	1	2.76	1.13	2.50	0.90	10	3	4	5.00	0.20	4.58	0.07
∑		18		14.98		14.73	∑		41		9.90		9.54
预测理论值 Expected value			37	/	33	/	预测理论值 Expected value			70	/	64	/

东蚂蚁岛木本植物 Woody plants in Dongmayidao							9个海岛木本植物 Woody plants in 9 islands
倍频程 Class			参数估计 Parameter estimation		遗传估计 Genetic algorithm		倍频程 Class			参数估计 Parameter estimation		遗传估计 Genetic algorithm
		a	0.1800		0.1882				a	0.1600		0.1612
		S₀	3.7000		3.4367				S₀	6.3000		5.7879
	R	观测S(R) Observed	期望S(R) Expected	χ²	期望S(R) Expected	χ²		R	观测S(R) Observed	期望S(R) Expected	χ²	期望S(R) Expected	χ²
1	-6	2	1.15	0.62	0.96	1.13	1	-6	3	2.51	0.10	2.27	0.23
2	-5	0	1.65	1.65	1.42	1.42	2	-5	2.5	3.32	0.20	3.02	0.09
3	-4	1	2.20	0.66	1.95	0.46	3	-4	4.5	4.18	0.02	3.82	0.12
4	-3	0	2.76	2.76	2.50	2.50	4	-3	2	5.00	1.80	4.58	1.45
5	-2	3	3.25	0.02	2.98	0.00	5	-2	3.5	5.69	0.84	5.22	0.56
6	-1	3	3.58	0.09	3.32	0.03	6	-1	2	6.14	2.79	5.64	2.35
7	0	7	3.70	2.94	3.44	3.69	7	0	10.5	6.30	2.80	5.79	3.84
8	1	1	3.58	1.86	3.32	1.62	8	1	3.5	6.14	1.14	5.64	0.81
9	2	0	3.25	3.25	2.98	2.98	9	2	5.5	5.69	0.01	5.22	0.02
10	3	1	2.76	1.13	2.50	0.90	10	3	4	5.00	0.20	4.58	0.07
∑		18		14.98		14.73	∑		41		9.90		9.54
预测理论值 Expected value			37	/	33	/	预测理论值 Expected value			70	/	64	/

岛屿名称 Island name	干扰类型及干扰程度 Interference type and degree	开发强度 Exploitative intensity	调查物种数 No. of species surveyed	预测物种数 No. of species estimated	误差 Error
情人岛 Qingrendao	人类活动/弱 Human activities/Light	6.0%	81	86	6.17%
金州南坨子 Jinzhounantuozi	近无干扰 Near non-interfering	0.6%	104	105	0.96%
鹿鸣岛 Lumingdao	人类活动/中 Human activities/Moderate	2.6%	108	143	32.41%
双岛 Shuangdao	人类活动/弱 Human activities/Light	1.4%	106	108	1.89%
羊砣子岛 Yangtuozidao	近无干扰 Near non-interfering	1.8%	107	100	-6.54%
南砣子岛 Nantuozidao	近无干扰 Near non-interfering	4.6%	107	105	-1.87%
鱼鳞岛 Yulindao	放牧/弱 Graze/Light	1.3%	67	45	-32.84%
广利岛 Guanglidao	人类活动/强 Human activities/Strong	19.4%	32	56	75.00%
东蚂蚁岛 Dongmayidao	人类活动/弱 Human activities/Light	0.02%	127	144	13.39%