Diversity assessment and protection strategies for the mollusk community in the southern Dongting Lake

doi:10.17520/biods.2019287

Abstract

Abstract:

Being the second largest freshwater lake in China, the Dongting Lake supports high biodiversity of endemic mollusks. Although surveys concerning mollusk diversity in this region are plentiful, there is no comprehensive resource for cataloging their diversity. Here, we carried out a comprehensive mollusk diversity assessment in the southern Dongting Lake and identified potential factors driving the observed community patterns, based on combined historical datasets and a five-year field survey (2013-2018). We identified a total of 87 species (Gastropoda: 41 species and Bivalvia: 46 species) belonging to 5 orders, 14 families, 33 genera. Fifty-four species (Gastropoda: 22 species and Bivalvia: 32 species) of mollusks were found, belonging to 5 orders, 12 families, 31 genera. Twenty-one species were in vulnerable condition (Gastropoda: 4 species and Bivalvia: 17 species). Dominant species were Corbicula fluminea, Parafossarulus eximius, Bellamya aeruginosa, Rivularia ovum. Distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) shows that some local physical (substrate and water depth) and chemical (pH, total dissolved solid and total phosphate) factors seemed to regulate mollusk community. Additionally, human activities in the region (such as commercial sand-mining industry, dam construction and coastal land use, overfishing and illegal electric fishing) also have a profound impact on the survival of mollusk. More importantly, anthropogenic pressures have caused a dramatic decline in mollusk diversity in recent decades, possibly leading to local extinction of some previously recorded endemic species. To protect the lake’s mollusk diversity, a series of strategies and practices should be taken by local authorities and the public. These practices could include control and regulation of the illegal sand-mining industry, a ban on overfishing and illegal electric fishing, maintaining the naturally hydrology, recovery of natural riparian zones, and control the discharge of point source and non-point source pollutants. We argued that a mollusk-based reserve should be established to protect mollusk diversity and endemism of the benthos, and possibly the lake as a whole.

Key words: mollusk, southern Dongting Lake, species diversity assessment, protection strategies

Zhenyuan Liu, Xingliang Meng, Zhengfei Li, Junqian Zhang, Jing Xu, Senlu Yin, Zhicai Xie. Diversity assessment and protection strategies for the mollusk community in the southern Dongting Lake[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(2): 155-165.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2019287

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2020/V28/I2/155

Figures/Tables 7

References 49

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	杨阁老 YGL	东南湖2^#DNH-2^#	白沙渡 BSD	东南湖1^#DNH-1^#	资江口 ZJK	万子湖 WZH	P
水温 Water temperature (℃)	17.84 ± 9.26	18.03 ± 8.40	20.90 ± 7.35	22.20 ± 8.14	21.17 ± 7.35	17.76 ± 9.15	0.794
电导率 Conductivity (μs/cm)	213.24 ± 58.93	204.64 ± 46.96	209.41 ± 37.87	222.70 ± 53.13	218.25 ± 37.98	207.74 ± 47.34	0.981
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	8.20 ± 3.13	8.22 ± 2.58	7.64 ± 2.16	6.62 ± 2.11	7.56 ± 2.66	8.39 ± 2.97	0.929
pH	8.27 ± 0.37	8.25 ± 0.32	8.25 ± 0.34	8.25 ± 0.32	8.32 ± 0.24	8.26 ± 0.37	0.999
水深 Water depth (m)	2.68 ± 1.06	5.06 ± 3.13	6.03 ± 1.87	6.38 ± 3.22	4.33 ± 0.98	2.78 ± 1.61	< 0.01
透明度 Transparency (m)	0.55 ± 0.17	0.44 ± 0.14	0.60 ± 0.12	0.45 ± 0.09	0.44 ± 0.17	0.49 ± 0.21	0.294
总溶解固体 Total dissolved solid (TDS, mg/L)	0.16 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.01	0.16 ± 0.02	0.606
总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L)	1.88 ± 0.47	1.99 ± 0.42	1.59 ± 0.58	1.51 ± 0.13	1.96 ± 0.57	1.90 ± 0.69	0.463
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/L)	1.25 ± 0.44	1.49 ± 0.30	1.50 ± 0.20	1.30 ± 0.21	1.38 ± 0.28	1.35 ± 0.43	0.634
氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L)	0.48 ± 0.42	0.40 ± 0.34	0.31 ± 0.30	0.21 ± 0.16	0.48 ± 0.47	0.46 ± 0.39	0.516
总磷 Total phosphate (mg/L)	0.18 ± 0.10	0.17 ± 0.08	0.26 ± 0.33	0.10 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.28	0.17 ± 0.09	0.822
正磷酸盐 Phosphate (mg/L)	0.10 ± 0.07	0.08 ± 0.05	0.12 ± 0.09	0.06 ± 0.07	0.11 ± 0.09	0.10 ± 0.07	0.774
砾石 Gravel (%)	0.06	0.02	0.08	0.94	0.13	0.30	< 0.01
粗砂 Coarse sand (%)	1.28	1.75	0.43	4.23	0.45	8.34	< 0.01
中砂 Medium sand (%)	0.23	0.83	0.16	37.50	32.10	0.90	< 0.01
细砂 Fine sand (%)	10.69	3.87	9.79	17.21	58.65	18.85	< 0.01
淤泥 Silt (%)	30.69	40.83	25.70	16.20	0.00	21.49	< 0.01
粘土 Clay (%)	57.06	52.69	63.84	23.91	8.67	50.12	< 0.01

	杨阁老 YGL	东南湖2^#DNH-2^#	白沙渡 BSD	东南湖1^#DNH-1^#	资江口 ZJK	万子湖 WZH	P
水温 Water temperature (℃)	17.84 ± 9.26	18.03 ± 8.40	20.90 ± 7.35	22.20 ± 8.14	21.17 ± 7.35	17.76 ± 9.15	0.794
电导率 Conductivity (μs/cm)	213.24 ± 58.93	204.64 ± 46.96	209.41 ± 37.87	222.70 ± 53.13	218.25 ± 37.98	207.74 ± 47.34	0.981
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	8.20 ± 3.13	8.22 ± 2.58	7.64 ± 2.16	6.62 ± 2.11	7.56 ± 2.66	8.39 ± 2.97	0.929
pH	8.27 ± 0.37	8.25 ± 0.32	8.25 ± 0.34	8.25 ± 0.32	8.32 ± 0.24	8.26 ± 0.37	0.999
水深 Water depth (m)	2.68 ± 1.06	5.06 ± 3.13	6.03 ± 1.87	6.38 ± 3.22	4.33 ± 0.98	2.78 ± 1.61	< 0.01
透明度 Transparency (m)	0.55 ± 0.17	0.44 ± 0.14	0.60 ± 0.12	0.45 ± 0.09	0.44 ± 0.17	0.49 ± 0.21	0.294
总溶解固体 Total dissolved solid (TDS, mg/L)	0.16 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.01	0.16 ± 0.02	0.606
总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L)	1.88 ± 0.47	1.99 ± 0.42	1.59 ± 0.58	1.51 ± 0.13	1.96 ± 0.57	1.90 ± 0.69	0.463
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/L)	1.25 ± 0.44	1.49 ± 0.30	1.50 ± 0.20	1.30 ± 0.21	1.38 ± 0.28	1.35 ± 0.43	0.634
氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L)	0.48 ± 0.42	0.40 ± 0.34	0.31 ± 0.30	0.21 ± 0.16	0.48 ± 0.47	0.46 ± 0.39	0.516
总磷 Total phosphate (mg/L)	0.18 ± 0.10	0.17 ± 0.08	0.26 ± 0.33	0.10 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.28	0.17 ± 0.09	0.822
正磷酸盐 Phosphate (mg/L)	0.10 ± 0.07	0.08 ± 0.05	0.12 ± 0.09	0.06 ± 0.07	0.11 ± 0.09	0.10 ± 0.07	0.774
砾石 Gravel (%)	0.06	0.02	0.08	0.94	0.13	0.30	< 0.01
粗砂 Coarse sand (%)	1.28	1.75	0.43	4.23	0.45	8.34	< 0.01
中砂 Medium sand (%)	0.23	0.83	0.16	37.50	32.10	0.90	< 0.01
细砂 Fine sand (%)	10.69	3.87	9.79	17.21	58.65	18.85	< 0.01
淤泥 Silt (%)	30.69	40.83	25.70	16.20	0.00	21.49	< 0.01
粘土 Clay (%)	57.06	52.69	63.84	23.91	8.67	50.12	< 0.01

	杨阁老 YGL	东南湖2^#DNH-2^#	白沙渡 BSD	东南湖1^#DNH-1^#	资江口 ZJK	万子湖 WZH	其他区域 Other region
田螺科 Viviparidae	6	7	5	2	2	6	5
豆螺科 Bithyniidae	3	1	3	3	3	5	2
肋蜷科 Pleuroseridae	2	1	1	1	1	2	2
椎实螺科 Lymnaeidae	2	1	0	0	0	1	2
膀胱螺科 Physidae	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
扁蜷螺科 Planorbidae	2	3	0	0	1	1	3
瓶螺科 Pilaidae	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
蚌科 Unionidae	14	16	12	5	6	10	18
截蛏科 Solecurtidae	0	1	0	0	1	0	1
蚬科 Corbiculidae	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
球蚬科 Sphaeriidae	1	0	0	0	0	0	1
贻贝科 Mytilidae	1	1	0	1	0	1	1
总计 Total	32	32	22	13	15	27	38

	杨阁老 YGL	东南湖2^#DNH-2^#	白沙渡 BSD	东南湖1^#DNH-1^#	资江口 ZJK	万子湖 WZH	其他区域 Other region
田螺科 Viviparidae	6	7	5	2	2	6	5
豆螺科 Bithyniidae	3	1	3	3	3	5	2
肋蜷科 Pleuroseridae	2	1	1	1	1	2	2
椎实螺科 Lymnaeidae	2	1	0	0	0	1	2
膀胱螺科 Physidae	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
扁蜷螺科 Planorbidae	2	3	0	0	1	1	3
瓶螺科 Pilaidae	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
蚌科 Unionidae	14	16	12	5	6	10	18
截蛏科 Solecurtidae	0	1	0	0	1	0	1
蚬科 Corbiculidae	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
球蚬科 Sphaeriidae	1	0	0	0	0	0	1
贻贝科 Mytilidae	1	1	0	1	0	1	1
总计 Total	32	32	22	13	15	27	38

	全湖区 Whole lake	杨阁老 YGL	东南湖2^#DNH-2^#	白沙渡 BSD	东南湖1^#DNH-1^#	资江口 ZJK	万子湖 WZH
铜锈环棱螺 Bellamya aeruginosa	42.3	41.5				33.5	92.4
长河螺 Rivularia elongate			58.0			131.0	122.5
卵河螺 Rivularia ovum	31.4				28.41	158.9
双龙骨河螺 Rivularia bicarinata							90.3
大沼螺 Parafossarulus eximius	76.9	75.9	187.4	79.0
河蚬 Corbicula fluminea	72.4	324.1	365.4	174.8	109.71	213.4	106.9