Biodiv Sci ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 422-434. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019071
Special Issue: 生物入侵
• Special Feature: Altay Animal Diversity • Previous Articles Next Articles
Xuejian Li1,2,Peiyao Jia2,Chengyi Niu2,Yingchun Xing3,Haolin Li4,Haibo Liu2,Wenqiao Tang1,*(
),Yahui Zhao2,*()
Received:2019-11-11
Accepted:2020-01-14
Online:2020-04-20
Published:2020-06-15
Contact:
Wenqiao Tang,Yahui Zhao
Xuejian Li,Peiyao Jia,Chengyi Niu,Yingchun Xing,Haolin Li,Haibo Liu,Wenqiao Tang,Yahui Zhao. Species diversity of freshwater fish and assessment on watershed health in the Irtysh River and Ulungur River basins in Xinjiang, China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(4): 422-434.
Fig. 1 Collecting sites of the Irtysh River and Ulungur River basins between 2013 and 2016
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | |
| 物种数 No. of species | 23 | 22 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 8 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 23 | 21 | 13 |
| 均匀度指数 Evenness index | 0.67 | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.88 | 0.62 | 0.66 | 0.55 | 0.70 | 0.63 | 0.76 |
| 丰富度指数 Richness index | 3.28 | 3.42 | 3.08 | 2.71 | 2.79 | 1.53 | 2.06 | 2.14 | 1.63 | 2.64 | 2.55 | 1.62 |
| 多样性指数 Diversity index | 2.09 | 1.99 | 2.08 | 2.11 | 2.00 | 1.83 | 1.68 | 1.75 | 1.32 | 2.20 | 1.92 | 1.96 |
Table 1 Number of species, evenness index, species richness index and diversity index in the Irtysh River and Ulungur River basins between 2013 and 2016
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | |
| 物种数 No. of species | 23 | 22 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 8 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 23 | 21 | 13 |
| 均匀度指数 Evenness index | 0.67 | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.88 | 0.62 | 0.66 | 0.55 | 0.70 | 0.63 | 0.76 |
| 丰富度指数 Richness index | 3.28 | 3.42 | 3.08 | 2.71 | 2.79 | 1.53 | 2.06 | 2.14 | 1.63 | 2.64 | 2.55 | 1.62 |
| 多样性指数 Diversity index | 2.09 | 1.99 | 2.08 | 2.11 | 2.00 | 1.83 | 1.68 | 1.75 | 1.32 | 2.20 | 1.92 | 1.96 |
| 优势种 Dominant species | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | |
| 尖鳍鮈 Gobio acutipinnatus | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | ++++ |
| 贝加尔雅罗鱼 Leuciscus baicalensis | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | + | + | +++ | ++ | +++ | + | + | ++ |
| 阿勒泰鱥 Phoxinus ujmonensis | ++ | ++ | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | + | ++ | +++ | - | +++ | ++++ | - |
| 麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva* | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | - | + | + | ++ | ++ | + | +++ |
| 湖拟鲤 Rutilus rutilus lacustris | + | + | - | + | + | ++++ | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| 北方须鳅 Barbatula nuda | + | + | + | + | + | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| 东方欧鳊 Abramis brama* | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | - | + | ++ | - |
Table 2 Dominant species in the Irtysh River and Ulungur River basins between 2013 and 2016
| 优势种 Dominant species | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | 整体 Total | 额尔齐斯河 Irtysh River | 乌伦古河 Ulungur River | |
| 尖鳍鮈 Gobio acutipinnatus | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | ++++ |
| 贝加尔雅罗鱼 Leuciscus baicalensis | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | + | + | +++ | ++ | +++ | + | + | ++ |
| 阿勒泰鱥 Phoxinus ujmonensis | ++ | ++ | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | + | ++ | +++ | - | +++ | ++++ | - |
| 麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva* | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | - | + | + | ++ | ++ | + | +++ |
| 湖拟鲤 Rutilus rutilus lacustris | + | + | - | + | + | ++++ | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| 北方须鳅 Barbatula nuda | + | + | + | + | + | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| 东方欧鳊 Abramis brama* | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | - | + | ++ | - |
| 点位编号 Point number | M3 | M16 | M17 | M19 | 总分 Total score | 平均分 Average score | 评价结果 Evaluation results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 16 | 11.2 | 健康 Health |
| 2014-2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 12 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 一般 General | |
| 2014-7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-8 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 一般 General | |
| 2014-9 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-10 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 10.8 | 一般 General |
| 2015-2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 16 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 一般 General | |
| 2015-5 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2016-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 9.8 | 一般 General |
| 2016-2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 一般 General | |
| 2016-3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 差 Poor | |
| 2016-4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 一般 General | |
| 2016-5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-6 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 一般 General | |
| 2016-8 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2016-9 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2016-10 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 12 | 亚健康 Subhealth |
Table 3 Results of fish index of biological integrity in the Irtysh River Basin
| 点位编号 Point number | M3 | M16 | M17 | M19 | 总分 Total score | 平均分 Average score | 评价结果 Evaluation results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 16 | 11.2 | 健康 Health |
| 2014-2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 12 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 一般 General | |
| 2014-7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-8 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 一般 General | |
| 2014-9 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-10 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 10.8 | 一般 General |
| 2015-2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 16 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 一般 General | |
| 2015-5 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2016-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 9.8 | 一般 General |
| 2016-2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 一般 General | |
| 2016-3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 差 Poor | |
| 2016-4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 一般 General | |
| 2016-5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-6 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 一般 General | |
| 2016-8 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2016-9 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2016-10 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 12 | 亚健康 Subhealth |
| 点位编号 Point number | M4 | M5 | M13 | M14 | M17 | M19 | 总分 Total score | 平均分 Average score | 评价结果 Evaluation results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 26 | 19.2 | 健康 Health |
| 2014-2 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 24 | 健康 Health | |
| 2014-4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 一般 General | |
| 2014-5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 20 | 亚健康 Subhealth |
| 2015-2 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 20 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 20 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-4 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 22 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 24 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 20 | 20.4 | 健康 Health |
| 2016-2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 16 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2016-3 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 18 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-4 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 24 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-5 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 18 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-6 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 18 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-7 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 20 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-8 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 22 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-9 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 28 | 健康 Health |
Table 4 Results of fish index of biological integrity in the Ulungur River Basin
| 点位编号 Point number | M4 | M5 | M13 | M14 | M17 | M19 | 总分 Total score | 平均分 Average score | 评价结果 Evaluation results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 26 | 19.2 | 健康 Health |
| 2014-2 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2014-3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 24 | 健康 Health | |
| 2014-4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 一般 General | |
| 2014-5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 20 | 亚健康 Subhealth |
| 2015-2 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 20 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 20 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-4 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 22 | 健康 Health | |
| 2015-5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 24 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 20 | 20.4 | 健康 Health |
| 2016-2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 16 | 亚健康 Subhealth | |
| 2016-3 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 18 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-4 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 24 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-5 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 18 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-6 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 18 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-7 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 20 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-8 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 22 | 健康 Health | |
| 2016-9 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 28 | 健康 Health |
| 物种 Species | IUCN红色名录 IUCN Red List | 中国脊椎动物红色名录 Red List of China’s Vertebrates | 国家重点保护野生 动物名录(征求意见稿) WASPC | 新疆重点保护水生 野生动物名录 AWSPX |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 西伯利亚鲟 Acipenser baerii* | 濒危 Endangered | 濒危 Endangered | II级 | Ⅰ级 |
| 小体鲟 Acipenser ruthenus* | 易危 Vulnerable | 极危 Critically Endangered | II级 | Ⅰ级 |
| 哲罗鲑 Hucho taimen | 易危 Vulnerable | 易危 Vulnerable | ||
| 细鳞鲑 Brachymystax lenok* | 濒危 Endangered | II级 | ||
| 北鲑 Stenodus leucichthys* | 野外灭绝 Extinct in the Wild | II级 | ||
| 北极茴鱼 Thymallus arcticus | 无危 Least Concern | 易危 Vulnerable | II级 | II级 |
| 高体雅罗鱼 Leuciscus idus | II级 | |||
| 阿勒泰杜父鱼 Cottus sibiricus altaicus | 易危 Vulnerable | II级 |
Table 5 Endangered and protected fish in the Irtysh River and Ulungur River basins
| 物种 Species | IUCN红色名录 IUCN Red List | 中国脊椎动物红色名录 Red List of China’s Vertebrates | 国家重点保护野生 动物名录(征求意见稿) WASPC | 新疆重点保护水生 野生动物名录 AWSPX |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 西伯利亚鲟 Acipenser baerii* | 濒危 Endangered | 濒危 Endangered | II级 | Ⅰ级 |
| 小体鲟 Acipenser ruthenus* | 易危 Vulnerable | 极危 Critically Endangered | II级 | Ⅰ级 |
| 哲罗鲑 Hucho taimen | 易危 Vulnerable | 易危 Vulnerable | ||
| 细鳞鲑 Brachymystax lenok* | 濒危 Endangered | II级 | ||
| 北鲑 Stenodus leucichthys* | 野外灭绝 Extinct in the Wild | II级 | ||
| 北极茴鱼 Thymallus arcticus | 无危 Least Concern | 易危 Vulnerable | II级 | II级 |
| 高体雅罗鱼 Leuciscus idus | II级 | |||
| 阿勒泰杜父鱼 Cottus sibiricus altaicus | 易危 Vulnerable | II级 |
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