Diversity and floristic characteristics of vascular epiphytes in the tropical forest of Xishuangbanna

doi:10.17520/biods.2015308

Abstract

Abstract:

Epiphytes are important structural components of mountain forest ecosystems; however, they have been given insufficient attention because of accessibility issues. In this study, we analyzed the species composition and floristic characteristics of vascular epiphytes in Xishuangbanna using field observations and herbarium specimens, combined with literature records. In total, 486 species (29 families, 134 genera) of vascular epiphytes were identified, contributing to ca. 11% to the Xishuangbanna’s vascular flora. Epiphytic orchids were the most abundant taxa (293 species, 69 genera), dominated by Dendrobium (49 species) and Bulbophyllum (48 species). Epiphytic ferns were the second most abundant taxa (13 families, 38 genera, 97 species), with more than half belonging to Polypodiaceae. Obligate, facultative and hemi-epiphytes accounted for 46%, 48%, and 6% of the species, respectively. Epiphytic orchids were the dominant taxa of obligate epiphytes. Analysis of floristic characteristics at the genus level revealed that epiphytic flora in Xishuangbanna belonged to Tropical Southeast Asia. Without access to soil, epiphytes must explore heterogeneous microhabitat in the forest canopy and are sensitive to environmental changes. They are seriously threatened by anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, conservation for canopy sub-systems is an urgent and practical need in Xishuangbanna.

Key words: vascular epiphytes, obligate epiphyte, hemi-epiphyte, facultative epiphyte, Orchidaceae, Polypodiaceae, canopy

Yi Wu, Liang Song, Qiang Liu, Mingxu Zhao, Huazheng Lu, Yunhong Tan, Wenyao Liu. Diversity and floristic characteristics of vascular epiphytes in the tropical forest of Xishuangbanna[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2016, 24(3): 271-279.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2015308

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2016/V24/I3/271

Figures/Tables 4

References 74

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分布区类型 Areal types	种子植物 Seed plants		蕨类植物 Pteridophytes
分布区类型 Areal types	属数 Number of genera	比例 Proportion (%)	属数 Number of genera	比例 Proportion (%)
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan	2	1.49	7	5.22
2. 泛热带分布 Pantropic	5	3.73	9	6.72
4. 旧世界热带分布 Old World Tropic	6	4.48	4	2.99
5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania	27	20.15	3	2.24
6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	4	2.99	6	4.48
7. 热带亚洲分布 Tropical Southeast Asia to Indo-Malaya & Tropical Southwest Pacific Islands	41	30.60	4	2.99
2-7热带成分合计 2-7 Subtotal Tropical elements	85	63.43	33	24.63
8. 北温带分布 North Temperate	3	2.24	-	-
14. 东亚分布 East Asia	8	5.97	5	3.73
合计 Total (134)	96	71.64	38	28.36

分布区类型 Areal types	种子植物 Seed plants		蕨类植物 Pteridophytes
分布区类型 Areal types	属数 Number of genera	比例 Proportion (%)	属数 Number of genera	比例 Proportion (%)
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan	2	1.49	7	5.22
2. 泛热带分布 Pantropic	5	3.73	9	6.72
4. 旧世界热带分布 Old World Tropic	6	4.48	4	2.99
5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania	27	20.15	3	2.24
6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	4	2.99	6	4.48
7. 热带亚洲分布 Tropical Southeast Asia to Indo-Malaya & Tropical Southwest Pacific Islands	41	30.60	4	2.99
2-7热带成分合计 2-7 Subtotal Tropical elements	85	63.43	33	24.63
8. 北温带分布 North Temperate	3	2.24	-	-
14. 东亚分布 East Asia	8	5.97	5	3.73
合计 Total (134)	96	71.64	38	28.36

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