濒危植物秦岭石蝴蝶野外回归早期探索

doi:10.17520/biods.2022520

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 22520. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022520

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

濒危植物秦岭石蝴蝶野外回归早期探索

蒋景龙¹^,^*(), 颜文博¹, 胡凤成³, 王琦¹, 孙旺¹, 李耘², 王勇¹

1.陕西理工大学生物科学与工程学院, 陕西汉中 723000
2.汉中市野生动植物保护管理站, 陕西汉中 723000
3.略阳县苗圃, 陕西汉中 724310

收稿日期:2022-09-11 接受日期:2022-12-06 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2023-03-20
通讯作者: 蒋景龙
作者简介:* E-mail: jiangjinglong511@163.com
基金资助:
汉中市野生动植物保护管理站秦岭石蝴蝶人工繁育及野外回归研究项目

Preliminary examination of the reintroduction of the endangered plant Petrocosmea qinlingensis

Jinglong Jiang¹^,^*(), Wenbo Yan¹, Fengcheng Hu³, Qi Wang¹, Wang Sun¹, Yun Li², Yong Wang¹

1 School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000
2 Hanzhong Wildlife Conservation and Management Station, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000
3 Nursery of Lueyang County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 724310

Received:2022-09-11 Accepted:2022-12-06 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2023-03-20
Contact: Jinglong Jiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

秦岭石蝴蝶(Petrocosmea qinlingensis)是秦岭地区分布的国家II级重点保护野生植物, 具有重要的生态价值和观赏价值, 但其野外数量极其稀少, 处于濒危状态, 亟需加强保护和拯救。本文在成功进行人工繁育和野外驯化的基础上, 尝试开展野外回归实验。通过踏查法选择3个不同的野外回归地, 同时采用随机样方调查和观察拍照的方法, 定期记录野外回归的秦岭石蝴蝶生长情况并统计其存活率。结果表明: (1)野外回归地的海拔高度、空气湿度、土质结构和地表植被等环境因素的差异, 均可不同程度地影响野外回归的秦岭石蝴蝶的存活率, 其中海拔高度的影响达显著水平(P < 0.05)。(2)遭遇的严重干旱、暴雨和冻害, 均造成了3个野外回归地秦岭石蝴蝶不同程度的损失。(3)秦岭石蝴蝶野外回归12个月后, 叶柄和叶片会明显伸长, 而叶片数目和叶片宽度会明显下降。以上结果表明, 加强野外回归前的驯化和野外回归地的小气候调查和选择是决定秦岭石蝴蝶野外回归能否成功的关键因素。这些研究将为进一步深入开展秦岭石蝴蝶的野外回归和其他濒危极小种群野生植物的迁地保护提供一定依据。

关键词: 秦岭石蝴蝶, 生境选择, 野外回归, 存活率

Abstract

Aims: Petrocosmea qinlingensis is a Class-II National Key Protected Wild Plant distributed in the Qinling Mountains. It has important value, both ecologically and ornamentally. However, it is endangered and the numbers are few in the wild and thus need urgently strengthen protection and rescue. We are exploring the reintroduction of the endangered plant P. qinlingensis to the wild. This will provide the basis efforts to return P. qinlingensis to the Qinling Mountains as well as the reintroduction of other endangered species.

Methods: Three different reintroduction sites were selected after inspection. At the same time, we used random quadrat survey and observation photography to record the growth situation and calculate survival rate of P. qinlingensis in the reintroduction sites.

Results: (1) The difference of altitude, air humidity, soil texture and surface vegetation across three reintroduction sites affected the survival rate of the reintroduced P. qinlingensis. And altitude significantly affected the survival rate of the reintroduced P. qinlingensis among three different reintroduction sites (P < 0.05). (2) Severe drought, rainstorm, and frost in three reintruduction sites caused the loss of P. qinlingensis to varying degrees. (3) After returning to the wild for 12 months, the petioles and leaves of P. qinlingensis elongated, while the number and width of the leaves decreased, as expected.

Conclusion: Strengthening domestication before returning to the wild and investigation of the microclimate the returning places selected are key factors to determine the success of P. qinlingensis reintroduced to the wild.

Key words: Petrocosmea qinlingensis, habitat selection, wild introduction, survival rate

蒋景龙, 颜文博, 胡凤成, 王琦, 孙旺, 李耘, 王勇 (2023) 濒危植物秦岭石蝴蝶野外回归早期探索. 生物多样性, 31, 22520. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022520.

Jinglong Jiang, Wenbo Yan, Fengcheng Hu, Qi Wang, Wang Sun, Yun Li, Yong Wang (2023) Preliminary examination of the reintroduction of the endangered plant Petrocosmea qinlingensis. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22520. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022520.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022520

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I3/22520

图/表 7

参考文献 16

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编号No.	回归地 Reintroduction sites	经纬度 Longitude Latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	土壤pH Soil pH	年均温度Mean annual temperature	空气湿度 Air humidity (%)		光照强度 Light intensity (lux)	地貌特征 Geomorphic characteristics
1	汉台区褒河森林公园 Baohe Forest Park in Hantai	106.99° E, 33.26° N	888-900	6.9	14.3℃	5月 May	56	546	山体的小沟槽, 有溪水, 上部有小灌木遮挡, 土质疏松、植被丰富, 坡向朝北、坡度62.4°, 环境阴湿The mountain body has a small gully and its upper part has the small shrub’s shelter and the stream water. The reintroduction environment with the north facing and 62.4° slope has the loose soil, rich in vegetation, and high air humidity
					14.3℃	7月 July	64	620
						9月 Sept.	72	670
						11月 Nov.	53	518
2	城固县三流水 Sanliushui in Chenggu County	107.19° E, 33.38° N	657?670	7.1	18.7℃	5月 May	69	682	附近有河常年流水, 植被丰富、土质岩化, 坡向朝西、坡度72.1°, 环境阴湿, 上部有乔木遮挡 The adjoining river is always flowing. The reintroduction environment with the west facing and 72.1° slope has the hard rock soil, rich in vegetation, high air humidity, and rich in tall trees
						7月 July	72	743
						9月 Sept.	76	782
						11月 Nov.	65	540
3	城固县兰家湾 Lanjiawan in Chenggu County	107.10° E, 33.34° N	1,000?1,123	6.8	13.5℃	5月 May	48	461	夏季有溪水, 上部有乔木遮挡, 土质疏松、植被丰富, 坡向朝北、坡度44.8°, 环境阴湿, 弱光 There are streams in summer. The reintroduction environment with the north facing and 44.8° slope has loose and wet soil, weak light, and rich in tall trees
						7月 July	55	532
						9月 Sept.	50	548
						11月 Nov.	34	481

编号No.	回归地 Reintroduction sites	经纬度 Longitude Latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	土壤pH Soil pH	年均温度Mean annual temperature	空气湿度 Air humidity (%)		光照强度 Light intensity (lux)	地貌特征 Geomorphic characteristics
1	汉台区褒河森林公园 Baohe Forest Park in Hantai	106.99° E, 33.26° N	888-900	6.9	14.3℃	5月 May	56	546	山体的小沟槽, 有溪水, 上部有小灌木遮挡, 土质疏松、植被丰富, 坡向朝北、坡度62.4°, 环境阴湿The mountain body has a small gully and its upper part has the small shrub’s shelter and the stream water. The reintroduction environment with the north facing and 62.4° slope has the loose soil, rich in vegetation, and high air humidity
					14.3℃	7月 July	64	620
						9月 Sept.	72	670
						11月 Nov.	53	518
2	城固县三流水 Sanliushui in Chenggu County	107.19° E, 33.38° N	657?670	7.1	18.7℃	5月 May	69	682	附近有河常年流水, 植被丰富、土质岩化, 坡向朝西、坡度72.1°, 环境阴湿, 上部有乔木遮挡 The adjoining river is always flowing. The reintroduction environment with the west facing and 72.1° slope has the hard rock soil, rich in vegetation, high air humidity, and rich in tall trees
						7月 July	72	743
						9月 Sept.	76	782
						11月 Nov.	65	540
3	城固县兰家湾 Lanjiawan in Chenggu County	107.10° E, 33.34° N	1,000?1,123	6.8	13.5℃	5月 May	48	461	夏季有溪水, 上部有乔木遮挡, 土质疏松、植被丰富, 坡向朝北、坡度44.8°, 环境阴湿, 弱光 There are streams in summer. The reintroduction environment with the north facing and 44.8° slope has loose and wet soil, weak light, and rich in tall trees
						7月 July	55	532
						9月 Sept.	50	548
						11月 Nov.	34	481

编号 No.	回归地 Reintroduction sites	回归面积 Reintroduction area (m²)	回归时间 Reintroduction time	回归时温度 Temperature at reintroduction	回归时湿度 Reintroduction humidity	回归株数 Reintroduction no.	小区数 Subarea no.
1	褒河森林公园 Baohe Forest Park	150	2020年5月 May 2020	23-25℃	53%-55%	1,000	4
2	三流水 Sanliushui	280	2021年6月 June 2021	25-27℃	56%-58%	1,000	4
3	兰家湾 Lanjiawan	220	2021年6月 June 2021	25-26℃	56%-58%	1,000	3

编号 No.	回归地 Reintroduction sites	回归面积 Reintroduction area (m²)	回归时间 Reintroduction time	回归时温度 Temperature at reintroduction	回归时湿度 Reintroduction humidity	回归株数 Reintroduction no.	小区数 Subarea no.
1	褒河森林公园 Baohe Forest Park	150	2020年5月 May 2020	23-25℃	53%-55%	1,000	4
2	三流水 Sanliushui	280	2021年6月 June 2021	25-27℃	56%-58%	1,000	4
3	兰家湾 Lanjiawan	220	2021年6月 June 2021	25-26℃	56%-58%	1,000	3

编号 No.	乔木 Trees	灌木 Shrubs	草本 Herbs
1	异叶天仙果 Ficus heteromorpha	中华青夹叶、紫萁 Helwingia chinensis, Osmunda japonica	山麦冬、马蹄香、常春藤、虎耳草、冷水花、小叶贯众 Liriope spicata, Saruma henryi, Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis, Saxifraga stolonifera, Pilea notata, Matteuccia struthiopteris
2	山胡椒、鹅耳枥 Lindera glauca, Carpinus turczaninowii	九节龙、南天竹 Thamnolia vermicularis, Nandina domestica	伏地卷柏、铁线蕨、淫羊藿、扁竹兰、山麦冬、金盏苣苔、鸭儿芹 Selaginella nipponica, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Epimedium brevicornu, Iris confusa, Liriope spicata, Isometrum farreri, Cryptotaenia japonica
3	刚竹、山核桃、棕榈 Phyllostachys sulphurea var. viridis, Carya cathayensis, Trachycarpus fortunei	亮叶忍冬 Lonicera ligustrina var. yunnanensis	花叶燕麦草、虎耳草、刺齿贯众、对马耳蕨、狭叶重楼、秋海棠 Arrhenatherum elatius, Saxifraga stolonifera, Cyrtomium caryotideum, Polystichum tsus-simense, Paris polyphylla var. stenophylla, Begonia grandis

濒危植物秦岭石蝴蝶野外回归早期探索

Preliminary examination of the reintroduction of the endangered plant Petrocosmea qinlingensis

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参考文献 16

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编号 No.	小区 Subarea	回归株数 Reintroduction seedlings	干旱(6-7月) Drought (June-July)		暴雨(9-10月) Rainstorm (Sept. -Oct.)		冻害(1-2月) Clod (Jan.-Feb.)		回归15个月的存活率 Survival rate after reintroduction for 15 months
编号 No.	小区 Subarea	回归株数 Reintroduction seedlings	损失株数 Lost number	损失率 Lost rate	损失株数Lost number	损失率 Lost rate	损失株数 Lost number	损失率 Lost rate	回归15个月的存活率 Survival rate after reintroduction for 15 months
1	a	438	122	28%	152	35%	13	3%	34%
	b	322	57	18%	82	25%	15	5%	52%
	c	116	15	13%	31	27%	9	8%	53%
	d	124	19	15%	12	10%	11	9%	66%
小计/平均 Sum or average		1,000	213	19% ± 7%	277	24% ± 10%	48	6% ± 3%	51% ± 13%
2	a	584	82	14%	42	7%	12	2%	77%
	b	216	65	30%	16	7%	8	4%	59%
	c	122	37	30%	19	16%	5	4%	50%
	d	78	22	28%	5	6%	3	4%	62%
小计/平均 Sum or average		1,000	206	26% ± 8%	82	9% ± 5%	28	4% ± 1%	62% ± 11%
3	a	676	145	21%	172	25%	94	14%	39%
	b	202	65	32%	97	48%	32	16%	4%
	c	122	18	15%	23	19%	22	18%	48%
小计/平均 Sum or average		1,000	228	23% ± 9%	292	31% ± 15%	148	16% ± 2%	30% ± 23%
总计/平均 Total or average		3,000	647	22%	651	20%	224	8%	49%

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