深圳湾潮间带1995-2010年大型底栖动物群落的时空变化

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文根据1995-2010年在深圳湾潮间带5条断面采集的大型底栖动物数据, 分析了群落的物种数、栖息密度、多样性指数(H')、丰度指数(d)和多变量海洋底栖生物指数(M-AMBI)的时空变化。结果表明, 物种数、多样性指数、丰度指数和多变量海洋底栖生物指数存在明显的空间差异, 即距离深圳河口越近, 大型底栖动物物种数越少, 多样性指数、丰度指数和多变量海洋底栖生物指数越低。空间差异还体现在越靠近深圳河口的取样断面, 大个体物种, 如羽须鳃沙蚕(Dendronereis pinnaticirris)和腺带刺沙蚕(Neanthes glandicincta)的栖息密度越低, 而小个体、生命周期短的小头虫(Capitella capitata)和寡毛类动物栖息密度所占的比例越高, 丰度生物量比较(abundance biomass comparison, 简称ABC)法证实了深圳湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落的空间差异。造成这种差异的原因推测是由于深圳市人口的增加和工、农业的发展, 排入深圳河的污水量增加, 导致距离深圳河越近, 有机质含量越高。大型底栖动物群落的物种数、栖息密度、多样性指数、丰度指数、多变量海洋底栖生物指数的年和季节变化各不相同, 没有明显的变化趋势。

关键词: 大型底栖动物群落, 时空变化, 生物指数, 潮间带, 深圳湾

Abstract

Using macrofaunal data collected at five transects in Shenzhen Bay intertidal zone between 1995 and 2010, we analyzed density, species diversity index (H'), richness index (d) and multivariate marine biotic index (M-AMBI). We found spatial differences in macrofaunal species number, species diversity, richness index and M-AMBI. Namely, the closer to Shenzhen River a sampling transect was located, the lower the macrofaunal species number, species diversity, richness index and multivariate marine biotic index. The most obvious spatial difference in terms of macrofaunal community structure was that densities of the larger-bodied species Dendronereis pinnaticirris and Neanthes glandicincta were low, while the densities of smaller and short-lived species including Capitella capitata and oligochaete animal were high at transect close to Shenzhen River. Abundance biomass comparison (ABC method) validated the spatial difference. Decreasing distance to the Shenzhen River was also related to increased levels of organic matter. We surmise that the spatial differences we observed were related to industrial, aquacultural and municipal wastes entering the Shenzhen River associated with increasing regional population and development during the study period. Yearly and seasonal variations of macrofaunal species number, density, species diversity index, richness index and multivariate marine biotic index were inconsistent, and we found no obvious trends.

Key words: macrofaunal community, spatial and temporal variation, biotic index, intertidal zone, Shenzhen Bay

蔡立哲, 陈昕韡, 吴辰, 彭欣, 曹婧, 傅素晶 (2011) 深圳湾潮间带1995-2010年大型底栖动物群落的时空变化. 生物多样性, 19, 702-709. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08124.

Lizhe Cai, Xinwei Chen, Chen Wu, Xin Peng, Jing Cao, Sujing Fu (2011) Temporal and spatial variation of macrofaunal communities in Shenzhen Bay intertidal zone between 1995 and 2010. Biodiversity Science, 19, 702-709. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08124.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08124

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2011/V19/I6/702

图/表 9

图1 深圳湾潮间带大型底栖动物取样站示意图

Fig. 1 Sampling stations of macrofauna in Shenzhen Bay intertidal zone

表1 深圳湾潮间带大型底栖动物取样时间和取样站

Table 1 Macrofaunal sampling stations and time in the intertidal zone in Shenzhen Bay

年份 Year	取样时间 Sampling time				取样站 Sampling station
年份 Year	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn	取样站 Sampling station
1995	-	-	+	+	A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3、C1、C2、C3
1996	+	+	+	+	A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3、C1、C2、C3
1997	+	+	+	+	A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3、C1、C2、C3
1998	+	+	+	+	A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3、C1、C2、C3
1999	+	+	+	+	A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3、C1、C2、C3
2000	+	+	+	+	A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3、C1、C2、C3
2001	+	+	+	+	A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3、C1、C2、C3
2002	+	+	+	+	A1、A2、A3、A4、H1、H2、H3、F1、F2、F3
2004	+	-	-	+	A1、A2、A3、A4、H1、H2、H3、F1、F2、F3
2005	+	+	+	+	A1、A2、A3、A4、H1、H2、H3、F1、F2、F3
2006	+	+	+	+	A1、A2、A3、A4、H1、H2、H3、F1、F2、F3
2007	+	+	+	+	A1、A2、A3、A4、H1、H2、H3、F1、F2、F3
2008	+	-	+	-	A1、A2、A3、A4、H1、H2、H3、F1、F2、F3
2009	-	+	-	+	A1、A2、A3、A4、H1、H2、H3、F1、F2、F3
2010	+	-	+	-	A1、A2、A3、A4、H1、H2、H3、F1、F2、F3

图2 深圳湾潮间带大型底栖动物物种数的时空变化

Fig. 2 Temporal and spatial variations of macrofaunal species number in Shenzhen Bay intertidal zone

图3 深圳湾潮间带大型底栖动物栖息密度的时空变化

Fig. 3 Temporal and spatial variations of macrofaunal density in Shenzhen Bay intertidal zone

图4 深圳湾潮间带大型底栖动物多样性指数(H')的时空变化

Fig. 4 Temporal and spatial variations of macrofaunal species diversity index in Shenzhen Bay intertidal zone

图5 深圳湾潮间带大型底栖动物丰度指数(d)的时空变化

Fig. 5 Temporal and spatial variations of macrofaunal richness index on intertidal zone in Shenzhen Bay

图6 深圳湾潮间带不同取样站大型底栖动物丰度和生物量曲线比较

Fig. 6 Comparison of macrofaunal abundance and biomass curves at different stations in Shenzhen Bay intertidal zone

图7 深圳湾潮间带多变量海洋底栖生物指数(M-AMBI)的时空变化

Fig. 7 Temporal and spatial variations of M-AMBI in Shenzhen Bay intertidal zone

图8 深圳湾潮间带生态质量状况的年变化

Fig. 8 The annual variation of ecological quality in Shenzhen Bay intertidal zone

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