生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 658-667. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019371
黄庆阳1,曹宏杰1,2,谢立红1,罗春雨1,杨帆1,王立民1,倪红伟2,3,*()
收稿日期:
2019-11-24
接受日期:
2020-05-27
出版日期:
2020-06-20
发布日期:
2020-08-19
通讯作者:
倪红伟
基金资助:
Qingyang Huang1,Hongjie Cao1,2,Lihong Xie1,Chunyu Luo1,Fan Yang1,Limin Wang1,Hongwei Ni2,3,*()
Received:
2019-11-24
Accepted:
2020-05-27
Online:
2020-06-20
Published:
2020-08-19
Contact:
Hongwei Ni
摘要:
五大连池火山熔岩台地是一种火山地貌, 研究熔岩台地草本物种分布及其环境解释, 对认识火山原生演替过程中植物群落空间格局形成及适应机制具有重要意义。本文以五大连池熔岩台地的草本物种为研究对象, 调查了苔藓、草本、灌丛、阔叶林和针阔混交林等不同植被类型中的草本层样方, 并测定样方中的土壤养分和水分等状况, 采用多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数、物种丰富度评价草本层物种多样性, 通过典范对应分析方法研究了群落组成与土壤因子的关系。结果表明: (1)熔岩台地草本层物种丰富, 共56种, 占本研究调查区总物种数的82.35%, 草本样地的草本层物种多样性、优势度和均匀性高于其他植被类型。(2)熔岩台地土壤pH值对群落草本层物种丰富度和物种个体的空间分布均有较大影响。(3)土壤因子解释了群落分布的79.39%, 其中土壤pH值、速效磷、硝态氮、铵态氮所占的解释量比较大。(4)岩败酱(Patrinia rupestris)、万年蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)、硬质早熟禾(Poa sphondylodes)和中华苦荬菜(Ixeris chinensis)对环境要求较低, 能够适应熔岩台地土壤贫瘠恶劣的环境。熔岩台地不同植被类型表现出对环境资源的特定需求, 熔岩地貌导致了土壤pH值、养分、水分的差异, 并影响植物群落的分布。
黄庆阳, 曹宏杰, 谢立红, 罗春雨, 杨帆, 王立民, 倪红伟 (2020) 五大连池火山熔岩台地草本层物种多样性及环境解释. 生物多样性, 28, 658-667. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019371.
Qingyang Huang, Hongjie Cao, Lihong Xie, Chunyu Luo, Fan Yang, Limin Wang, Hongwei Ni (2020) Species diversity and environmental interpretation of herb layer in lava platform of Wudalianchi, China. Biodiversity Science, 28, 658-667. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019371.
植被类型 Vegetation type | 序号 No. | 群落类型 Community type | 优势物种 Dominant species | 盖度 Coverage (%) | 海拔 Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
苔藓 Moss | A | 砂藓群落 For. Racomitrium canescens | 砂藓、万年蒿、岩败酱 Racomitrium canescens, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris | 45-75 | 332-334 |
B | 毛尖紫萼藓群落 For. Grimmia pilifera | 毛尖紫萼藓、万年蒿、岩败酱 Grimmia pilifera, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris | 75-80 | 327-330 | |
草本 Herb | C | 委陵菜群落 For. Potentilla chinensis | 委陵菜、万年蒿 Potentilla chinensis and Artemisia sacrorum | 20-25 | 327-340 |
D | 岩败酱群落 For. Patrinia rupestris | 岩败酱、万年蒿 Patrinia rupestris and Artemisia sacrorum | 35-60 | 344-347 | |
E | 香鳞毛蕨群落 For. Dryopteris fragrans | 香鳞毛蕨、万年蒿 Dryopteris fragrans and Artemisia sacrorum | 20-30 | 341-345 | |
F | 万年蒿群落 For. Artemisia sacrorum | 万年蒿、岩败酱 Artemisia sacrorum and Patrinia rupestris | 15-35 | 284-348 | |
灌丛 Shrub | G | 珍珠梅群落 For. Sorbaria sorbifolia | 珍珠梅、万年蒿、费菜 Sorbaria sorbifolia, Artemisia sacrorum, and Phedimus aizoon | 20-50 | 328-354 |
H | 库页悬钩子群落 For. Rubus sachalinensis | 库页悬钩子、万年蒿 Rubus sachalinensis and Artemisia sacrorum | 20-35 | 277-354 | |
I | 欧亚绣线菊群落 For. Spiraea media | 欧亚绣线菊、岩败酱 Spiraea media and Patrinia rupestris | 20-65 | 278-349 | |
阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | J | 山杨-白桦群落 For. Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla | 山杨、白桦、万年蒿、费菜 Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Artemisia sacrorum, and Phedimus aizoon | 55-80 | 281-349 |
K | 香杨-山杨群落 For. Populus koreana-P. davidiana | 香杨、山杨、岩败酱 Populus koreana, P. davidiana, and Patrinia rupestris | 55-75 | 284-329 | |
L | 香杨群落 For. Populus koreana | 香杨、万年蒿、岩败酱 Populus koreana, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris | 50-60 | 298-329 | |
M | 山杨-白桦-香杨群落 For. Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla-P. koreana | 山杨、白桦、香杨、岩败酱 Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, P. koreana, and Patrinia rupestris | 80-85 | 329-340 | |
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad- leaved forest | N | 山杨-白桦-香杨-落叶松群落 For. Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla-P. koreana-Larix gmelinii | 山杨、白桦、香杨、落叶松 Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, P. koreana, and Larix gmelinii | 80-85 | 328-349 |
O | 白桦-落叶松群落 For. Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii | 白桦、落叶松、万年蒿、岩败酱 Betula platyphylla, Larix gmelinii, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris | 65-80 | 311-343 |
表1 五大连池火山熔岩台地样地基本信息
Table 1 The basic information of sample plots in Wudalianchi volcanic lava platform
植被类型 Vegetation type | 序号 No. | 群落类型 Community type | 优势物种 Dominant species | 盖度 Coverage (%) | 海拔 Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
苔藓 Moss | A | 砂藓群落 For. Racomitrium canescens | 砂藓、万年蒿、岩败酱 Racomitrium canescens, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris | 45-75 | 332-334 |
B | 毛尖紫萼藓群落 For. Grimmia pilifera | 毛尖紫萼藓、万年蒿、岩败酱 Grimmia pilifera, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris | 75-80 | 327-330 | |
草本 Herb | C | 委陵菜群落 For. Potentilla chinensis | 委陵菜、万年蒿 Potentilla chinensis and Artemisia sacrorum | 20-25 | 327-340 |
D | 岩败酱群落 For. Patrinia rupestris | 岩败酱、万年蒿 Patrinia rupestris and Artemisia sacrorum | 35-60 | 344-347 | |
E | 香鳞毛蕨群落 For. Dryopteris fragrans | 香鳞毛蕨、万年蒿 Dryopteris fragrans and Artemisia sacrorum | 20-30 | 341-345 | |
F | 万年蒿群落 For. Artemisia sacrorum | 万年蒿、岩败酱 Artemisia sacrorum and Patrinia rupestris | 15-35 | 284-348 | |
灌丛 Shrub | G | 珍珠梅群落 For. Sorbaria sorbifolia | 珍珠梅、万年蒿、费菜 Sorbaria sorbifolia, Artemisia sacrorum, and Phedimus aizoon | 20-50 | 328-354 |
H | 库页悬钩子群落 For. Rubus sachalinensis | 库页悬钩子、万年蒿 Rubus sachalinensis and Artemisia sacrorum | 20-35 | 277-354 | |
I | 欧亚绣线菊群落 For. Spiraea media | 欧亚绣线菊、岩败酱 Spiraea media and Patrinia rupestris | 20-65 | 278-349 | |
阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | J | 山杨-白桦群落 For. Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla | 山杨、白桦、万年蒿、费菜 Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Artemisia sacrorum, and Phedimus aizoon | 55-80 | 281-349 |
K | 香杨-山杨群落 For. Populus koreana-P. davidiana | 香杨、山杨、岩败酱 Populus koreana, P. davidiana, and Patrinia rupestris | 55-75 | 284-329 | |
L | 香杨群落 For. Populus koreana | 香杨、万年蒿、岩败酱 Populus koreana, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris | 50-60 | 298-329 | |
M | 山杨-白桦-香杨群落 For. Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla-P. koreana | 山杨、白桦、香杨、岩败酱 Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, P. koreana, and Patrinia rupestris | 80-85 | 329-340 | |
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad- leaved forest | N | 山杨-白桦-香杨-落叶松群落 For. Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla-P. koreana-Larix gmelinii | 山杨、白桦、香杨、落叶松 Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, P. koreana, and Larix gmelinii | 80-85 | 328-349 |
O | 白桦-落叶松群落 For. Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii | 白桦、落叶松、万年蒿、岩败酱 Betula platyphylla, Larix gmelinii, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris | 65-80 | 311-343 |
缩写 Abbreviation | 物种 Specices | 苔藓样地 Moss plots | 草本样地 Herb plots | 灌丛样地 Shrub plots | 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | 针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As | 万年蒿 Artemisia sacrorum | 0.4172 | 0.1631 | 0.1591 | 0.2402 | 0.0774 |
Pr | 岩败酱 Patrinia rupestris | 0.1376 | 0.1662 | - | 0.2613 | 0.4281 |
Df | 香鳞毛蕨 Dryopteris fragrans | 0.1953 | 0.1869 | 0.3623 | 0.1150 | - |
Pha | 费菜 Phedimus aizoon | - | - | - | 0.0857 | 0.2329 |
Ps | 硬质早熟禾 Poa sphondylodes | - | 0.1673 | - | - | - |
Poc | 委陵菜 Potentilla chinensis | - | 0.1262 | - | - | 0.0987 |
Wi | 岩蕨 Woodsia ilvensis | - | - | 0.1373 | - | - |
Pc | 白头翁 Pulsatilla chinensis | - | - | - | 0.0680 | - |
Pa | 刚毛委陵菜 Potentilla asperrima | - | - | 0.1312 | - | - |
Pd | 翻白委陵菜 Potentilla discolor | - | - | - | - | 0.1012 |
Cm | 白屈菜 Chelidonium majus | - | - | 0.0722 | - | - |
Da | 刺藜 Dysphania aristata | 0.1324 | - | - | - | - |
Om | 钝叶瓦松 Orostachys malacophylla | 0.0625 | - | - | - | - |
表2 五大连池火山熔岩台地不同植被类型草本层优势物种重要值
Table 2 Importance values of dominant species in herb layer of different vegetation types in Wudalianchi volcanic lava platform
缩写 Abbreviation | 物种 Specices | 苔藓样地 Moss plots | 草本样地 Herb plots | 灌丛样地 Shrub plots | 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | 针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As | 万年蒿 Artemisia sacrorum | 0.4172 | 0.1631 | 0.1591 | 0.2402 | 0.0774 |
Pr | 岩败酱 Patrinia rupestris | 0.1376 | 0.1662 | - | 0.2613 | 0.4281 |
Df | 香鳞毛蕨 Dryopteris fragrans | 0.1953 | 0.1869 | 0.3623 | 0.1150 | - |
Pha | 费菜 Phedimus aizoon | - | - | - | 0.0857 | 0.2329 |
Ps | 硬质早熟禾 Poa sphondylodes | - | 0.1673 | - | - | - |
Poc | 委陵菜 Potentilla chinensis | - | 0.1262 | - | - | 0.0987 |
Wi | 岩蕨 Woodsia ilvensis | - | - | 0.1373 | - | - |
Pc | 白头翁 Pulsatilla chinensis | - | - | - | 0.0680 | - |
Pa | 刚毛委陵菜 Potentilla asperrima | - | - | 0.1312 | - | - |
Pd | 翻白委陵菜 Potentilla discolor | - | - | - | - | 0.1012 |
Cm | 白屈菜 Chelidonium majus | - | - | 0.0722 | - | - |
Da | 刺藜 Dysphania aristata | 0.1324 | - | - | - | - |
Om | 钝叶瓦松 Orostachys malacophylla | 0.0625 | - | - | - | - |
图2 五大连池火山熔岩台地不同植被类型草本层物种多样性指数(平均值 ± 标准差)。同组不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 2 Species diversity indices of herb layer of different vegetation types in Wudalianchi volcanic lava platform (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters in the same group indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
因子 Factor | 第一轴 Axis 1 | 第二轴 Axis 2 | 第三轴 Axis 3 | 第四轴 Axis 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
土壤含水量 Soil water content (WC) (%) | -0.219 | -0.255 | 0.012 | -0.743** |
土壤pH值 Soil pH (pH) | 0.748** | -0.315 | -0.223 | 0.295 |
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (SOM) (g/kg) | -0.329 | -0.240 | 0.352 | -0.603* |
全氮 Total nitrogen (TN) (g/kg) | -0.438 | -0.153 | 0.182 | -0.524* |
铵态氮 Ammonia nitrogen (AN) (mg/kg) | 0.443* | -0.301 | 0.231 | -0.434 |
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (NN) (mg/kg) | -0.452* | 0.106 | -0.053 | -0.121 |
全磷 Total phosphorus (TP) (g/kg) | 0.094 | -0.075 | 0.122 | 0.132 |
速效磷 Available phosphorus (AP) (mg/kg) | 0.745** | 0.196 | 0.375 | -0.428 |
去趋势对应分析 Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) | 4.238 | 2.411 | 2.411 | 1.506 |
典范对应分析 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) | 0.699 | 0.350 | 0.326 | 0.259 |
累计方差贡献率 Cumulative percentage variance (%) | 33.97 | 50.97 | 66.81 | 79.39 |
表3 土壤因子与物种排序轴的相关系数、特征值和解释方差
Table 3 Correlation coefficient, eigenvalue and explanatory variance of soil factors and species ordination axis
因子 Factor | 第一轴 Axis 1 | 第二轴 Axis 2 | 第三轴 Axis 3 | 第四轴 Axis 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
土壤含水量 Soil water content (WC) (%) | -0.219 | -0.255 | 0.012 | -0.743** |
土壤pH值 Soil pH (pH) | 0.748** | -0.315 | -0.223 | 0.295 |
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (SOM) (g/kg) | -0.329 | -0.240 | 0.352 | -0.603* |
全氮 Total nitrogen (TN) (g/kg) | -0.438 | -0.153 | 0.182 | -0.524* |
铵态氮 Ammonia nitrogen (AN) (mg/kg) | 0.443* | -0.301 | 0.231 | -0.434 |
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (NN) (mg/kg) | -0.452* | 0.106 | -0.053 | -0.121 |
全磷 Total phosphorus (TP) (g/kg) | 0.094 | -0.075 | 0.122 | 0.132 |
速效磷 Available phosphorus (AP) (mg/kg) | 0.745** | 0.196 | 0.375 | -0.428 |
去趋势对应分析 Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) | 4.238 | 2.411 | 2.411 | 1.506 |
典范对应分析 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) | 0.699 | 0.350 | 0.326 | 0.259 |
累计方差贡献率 Cumulative percentage variance (%) | 33.97 | 50.97 | 66.81 | 79.39 |
图4 群落组成与土壤因子的典范对应分析(CCA)排序图。A: 群落; B: 物种。Dm: 小花花旗杆; Ic: 中华苦荬菜; Lm: 鹤虱; Pv: 东北多足蕨; Sv: 狗尾草; Tl: 野火球; Ua: 狭叶荨麻。群落序号和其他物种缩写分别见表1和表2, 土壤因子缩写见表4。Fig. 4 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination diagram of community composition and environmental factors. A, community; B, Species. Dm, Dontostemon micranthus; Ic, Ixeris chinensis; Lm, Lappula myosotis; Pv, Polypodium virginianum; Sv, Setaria viridis; Tl, Trifolium lupinaster; Ua, Urtica angustifolia. The number of community and other abbreviation of species are the same as in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively. Abbreviation of soil factors are the same as in Table 4.
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