五大连池火山熔岩台地草本层物种多样性及环境解释

doi:10.17520/biods.2019371

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 658-667. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019371

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

五大连池火山熔岩台地草本层物种多样性及环境解释

黄庆阳¹,曹宏杰^1,²,谢立红¹,罗春雨¹,杨帆¹,王立民¹,倪红伟^2,^3,^*()

1 黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所, 哈尔滨 150040
2 湿地与生态保育国家地方联合工程实验室, 哈尔滨 150040
3 黑龙江省林业科学院, 哈尔滨 150081

收稿日期:2019-11-24 接受日期:2020-05-27 出版日期:2020-06-20 发布日期:2020-08-19
通讯作者: 倪红伟
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31770497);黑龙江省财政基本科研专项(ZNJZ2019ZR01);黑龙江省财政基本科研专项(ZNBZ2019ZR01);黑龙江省科学院预研项目(YY2019ZR01);黑龙江省科学院青年创新基金(CXJQ2018ZR03)

Species diversity and environmental interpretation of herb layer in lava platform of Wudalianchi, China

Qingyang Huang¹,Hongjie Cao^1,²,Lihong Xie¹,Chunyu Luo¹,Fan Yang¹,Limin Wang¹,Hongwei Ni^2,^3,^*()

1 Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040
2 National and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory of Wetlands and Ecological Conservation, Harbin 150040
3 Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Harbin 150081

Received:2019-11-24 Accepted:2020-05-27 Online:2020-06-20 Published:2020-08-19
Contact: Hongwei Ni

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

五大连池火山熔岩台地是一种火山地貌, 研究熔岩台地草本物种分布及其环境解释, 对认识火山原生演替过程中植物群落空间格局形成及适应机制具有重要意义。本文以五大连池熔岩台地的草本物种为研究对象, 调查了苔藓、草本、灌丛、阔叶林和针阔混交林等不同植被类型中的草本层样方, 并测定样方中的土壤养分和水分等状况, 采用多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数、物种丰富度评价草本层物种多样性, 通过典范对应分析方法研究了群落组成与土壤因子的关系。结果表明: (1)熔岩台地草本层物种丰富, 共56种, 占本研究调查区总物种数的82.35%, 草本样地的草本层物种多样性、优势度和均匀性高于其他植被类型。(2)熔岩台地土壤pH值对群落草本层物种丰富度和物种个体的空间分布均有较大影响。(3)土壤因子解释了群落分布的79.39%, 其中土壤pH值、速效磷、硝态氮、铵态氮所占的解释量比较大。(4)岩败酱(Patrinia rupestris)、万年蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)、硬质早熟禾(Poa sphondylodes)和中华苦荬菜(Ixeris chinensis)对环境要求较低, 能够适应熔岩台地土壤贫瘠恶劣的环境。熔岩台地不同植被类型表现出对环境资源的特定需求, 熔岩地貌导致了土壤pH值、养分、水分的差异, 并影响植物群落的分布。

关键词: 五大连池, 熔岩台地, 草本层, 物种, 土壤因子, 环境解释

Abstract

The Wudalianchi volcanic lava platform, a volcanic landscape, is important to understand plant community mechanisms to volcanic primary succession. In this paper, the herbaceous species of the Wudalianchi volcanic lava platform were studied, which belonged to bryophyte, herb, shrub, mixed-forest, and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest plots. Soil nutrients and soil moisture were also studied with the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) method along with species diversity indices such as the Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Pielou, and species richness indices. Our results show that: (1) There were 56 plant species in the herb layer, accounting for 82.35% of the total species in the volcanic platform while diversity, dominance, and evenness indices of the herb layer was higher than other vegetation types. (2) Soil pH had a considerable influence on species richness and spatial distribution of herbaceous species in the herb layer. (3) Soil factors accounted for 79.39% of the community’s distribution, among which soil pH, available phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen accounted for a large proportion. (4) Patrinia rupestris, Artemisia sacrorum, Poa sphondylodes, and Ixeris chinensis had low environmental requirements and adapted uniquely to the poor environment of the lava platform. Vegetation within the platform showed specific resource demands, which are due to differences in lava type that alter soil water, pH, and soil nutrients, thereby impacting plant community distributions.

Key words: Wudalianchi, volcanic lava platform, herb layer, species, soil factor, environmental interpretation

黄庆阳, 曹宏杰, 谢立红, 罗春雨, 杨帆, 王立民, 倪红伟 (2020) 五大连池火山熔岩台地草本层物种多样性及环境解释. 生物多样性, 28, 658-667. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019371.

Qingyang Huang, Hongjie Cao, Lihong Xie, Chunyu Luo, Fan Yang, Limin Wang, Hongwei Ni (2020) Species diversity and environmental interpretation of herb layer in lava platform of Wudalianchi, China. Biodiversity Science, 28, 658-667. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019371.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019371

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I6/658

图/表 7

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植被类型 Vegetation type	序号 No.	群落类型 Community type	优势物种 Dominant species	盖度 Coverage (%)	海拔 Altitude (m)
苔藓 Moss	A	砂藓群落 For. Racomitrium canescens	砂藓、万年蒿、岩败酱 Racomitrium canescens, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris	45-75	332-334
苔藓 Moss	B	毛尖紫萼藓群落 For. Grimmia pilifera	毛尖紫萼藓、万年蒿、岩败酱 Grimmia pilifera, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris	75-80	327-330
草本 Herb	C	委陵菜群落 For. Potentilla chinensis	委陵菜、万年蒿 Potentilla chinensis and Artemisia sacrorum	20-25	327-340
	D	岩败酱群落 For. Patrinia rupestris	岩败酱、万年蒿 Patrinia rupestris and Artemisia sacrorum	35-60	344-347
	E	香鳞毛蕨群落 For. Dryopteris fragrans	香鳞毛蕨、万年蒿 Dryopteris fragrans and Artemisia sacrorum	20-30	341-345
	F	万年蒿群落 For. Artemisia sacrorum	万年蒿、岩败酱 Artemisia sacrorum and Patrinia rupestris	15-35	284-348
灌丛 Shrub	G	珍珠梅群落 For. Sorbaria sorbifolia	珍珠梅、万年蒿、费菜 Sorbaria sorbifolia, Artemisia sacrorum, and Phedimus aizoon	20-50	328-354
	H	库页悬钩子群落 For. Rubus sachalinensis	库页悬钩子、万年蒿 Rubus sachalinensis and Artemisia sacrorum	20-35	277-354
	I	欧亚绣线菊群落 For. Spiraea media	欧亚绣线菊、岩败酱 Spiraea media and Patrinia rupestris	20-65	278-349
阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	J	山杨-白桦群落 For. Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla	山杨、白桦、万年蒿、费菜 Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Artemisia sacrorum, and Phedimus aizoon	55-80	281-349
阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	K	香杨-山杨群落 For. Populus koreana-P. davidiana	香杨、山杨、岩败酱 Populus koreana, P. davidiana, and Patrinia rupestris	55-75	284-329
	L	香杨群落 For. Populus koreana	香杨、万年蒿、岩败酱 Populus koreana, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris	50-60	298-329
	M	山杨-白桦-香杨群落 For. Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla-P. koreana	山杨、白桦、香杨、岩败酱 Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, P. koreana, and Patrinia rupestris	80-85	329-340
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad- leaved forest	N	山杨-白桦-香杨-落叶松群落 For. Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla-P. koreana-Larix gmelinii	山杨、白桦、香杨、落叶松 Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, P. koreana, and Larix gmelinii	80-85	328-349
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad- leaved forest	O	白桦-落叶松群落 For. Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii	白桦、落叶松、万年蒿、岩败酱 Betula platyphylla, Larix gmelinii, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris	65-80	311-343

植被类型 Vegetation type	序号 No.	群落类型 Community type	优势物种 Dominant species	盖度 Coverage (%)	海拔 Altitude (m)
苔藓 Moss	A	砂藓群落 For. Racomitrium canescens	砂藓、万年蒿、岩败酱 Racomitrium canescens, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris	45-75	332-334
苔藓 Moss	B	毛尖紫萼藓群落 For. Grimmia pilifera	毛尖紫萼藓、万年蒿、岩败酱 Grimmia pilifera, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris	75-80	327-330
草本 Herb	C	委陵菜群落 For. Potentilla chinensis	委陵菜、万年蒿 Potentilla chinensis and Artemisia sacrorum	20-25	327-340
	D	岩败酱群落 For. Patrinia rupestris	岩败酱、万年蒿 Patrinia rupestris and Artemisia sacrorum	35-60	344-347
	E	香鳞毛蕨群落 For. Dryopteris fragrans	香鳞毛蕨、万年蒿 Dryopteris fragrans and Artemisia sacrorum	20-30	341-345
	F	万年蒿群落 For. Artemisia sacrorum	万年蒿、岩败酱 Artemisia sacrorum and Patrinia rupestris	15-35	284-348
灌丛 Shrub	G	珍珠梅群落 For. Sorbaria sorbifolia	珍珠梅、万年蒿、费菜 Sorbaria sorbifolia, Artemisia sacrorum, and Phedimus aizoon	20-50	328-354
	H	库页悬钩子群落 For. Rubus sachalinensis	库页悬钩子、万年蒿 Rubus sachalinensis and Artemisia sacrorum	20-35	277-354
	I	欧亚绣线菊群落 For. Spiraea media	欧亚绣线菊、岩败酱 Spiraea media and Patrinia rupestris	20-65	278-349
阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	J	山杨-白桦群落 For. Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla	山杨、白桦、万年蒿、费菜 Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Artemisia sacrorum, and Phedimus aizoon	55-80	281-349
阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	K	香杨-山杨群落 For. Populus koreana-P. davidiana	香杨、山杨、岩败酱 Populus koreana, P. davidiana, and Patrinia rupestris	55-75	284-329
	L	香杨群落 For. Populus koreana	香杨、万年蒿、岩败酱 Populus koreana, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris	50-60	298-329
	M	山杨-白桦-香杨群落 For. Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla-P. koreana	山杨、白桦、香杨、岩败酱 Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, P. koreana, and Patrinia rupestris	80-85	329-340
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad- leaved forest	N	山杨-白桦-香杨-落叶松群落 For. Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla-P. koreana-Larix gmelinii	山杨、白桦、香杨、落叶松 Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, P. koreana, and Larix gmelinii	80-85	328-349
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad- leaved forest	O	白桦-落叶松群落 For. Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii	白桦、落叶松、万年蒿、岩败酱 Betula platyphylla, Larix gmelinii, Artemisia sacrorum, and Patrinia rupestris	65-80	311-343

缩写 Abbreviation	物种 Specices	苔藓样地 Moss plots	草本样地 Herb plots	灌丛样地 Shrub plots	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest
As	万年蒿 Artemisia sacrorum	0.4172	0.1631	0.1591	0.2402	0.0774
Pr	岩败酱 Patrinia rupestris	0.1376	0.1662	-	0.2613	0.4281
Df	香鳞毛蕨 Dryopteris fragrans	0.1953	0.1869	0.3623	0.1150	-
Pha	费菜 Phedimus aizoon	-	-	-	0.0857	0.2329
Ps	硬质早熟禾 Poa sphondylodes	-	0.1673	-	-	-
Poc	委陵菜 Potentilla chinensis	-	0.1262	-	-	0.0987
Wi	岩蕨 Woodsia ilvensis	-	-	0.1373	-	-
Pc	白头翁 Pulsatilla chinensis	-	-	-	0.0680	-
Pa	刚毛委陵菜 Potentilla asperrima	-	-	0.1312	-	-
Pd	翻白委陵菜 Potentilla discolor	-	-	-	-	0.1012
Cm	白屈菜 Chelidonium majus	-	-	0.0722	-	-
Da	刺藜 Dysphania aristata	0.1324	-	-	-	-
Om	钝叶瓦松 Orostachys malacophylla	0.0625	-	-	-	-

缩写 Abbreviation	物种 Specices	苔藓样地 Moss plots	草本样地 Herb plots	灌丛样地 Shrub plots	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest
As	万年蒿 Artemisia sacrorum	0.4172	0.1631	0.1591	0.2402	0.0774
Pr	岩败酱 Patrinia rupestris	0.1376	0.1662	-	0.2613	0.4281
Df	香鳞毛蕨 Dryopteris fragrans	0.1953	0.1869	0.3623	0.1150	-
Pha	费菜 Phedimus aizoon	-	-	-	0.0857	0.2329
Ps	硬质早熟禾 Poa sphondylodes	-	0.1673	-	-	-
Poc	委陵菜 Potentilla chinensis	-	0.1262	-	-	0.0987
Wi	岩蕨 Woodsia ilvensis	-	-	0.1373	-	-
Pc	白头翁 Pulsatilla chinensis	-	-	-	0.0680	-
Pa	刚毛委陵菜 Potentilla asperrima	-	-	0.1312	-	-
Pd	翻白委陵菜 Potentilla discolor	-	-	-	-	0.1012
Cm	白屈菜 Chelidonium majus	-	-	0.0722	-	-
Da	刺藜 Dysphania aristata	0.1324	-	-	-	-
Om	钝叶瓦松 Orostachys malacophylla	0.0625	-	-	-	-

因子 Factor	第一轴 Axis 1	第二轴 Axis 2	第三轴 Axis 3	第四轴 Axis 4
土壤含水量 Soil water content (WC) (%)	-0.219	-0.255	0.012	-0.743^**
土壤pH值 Soil pH (pH)	0.748^**	-0.315	-0.223	0.295
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (SOM) (g/kg)	-0.329	-0.240	0.352	-0.603^*
全氮 Total nitrogen (TN) (g/kg)	-0.438	-0.153	0.182	-0.524^*
铵态氮 Ammonia nitrogen (AN) (mg/kg)	0.443*	-0.301	0.231	-0.434
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (NN) (mg/kg)	-0.452^*	0.106	-0.053	-0.121
全磷 Total phosphorus (TP) (g/kg)	0.094	-0.075	0.122	0.132
速效磷 Available phosphorus (AP) (mg/kg)	0.745^**	0.196	0.375	-0.428
去趋势对应分析 Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA)	4.238	2.411	2.411	1.506
典范对应分析 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)	0.699	0.350	0.326	0.259
累计方差贡献率 Cumulative percentage variance (%)	33.97	50.97	66.81	79.39

五大连池火山熔岩台地草本层物种多样性及环境解释

Species diversity and environmental interpretation of herb layer in lava platform of Wudalianchi, China

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