梅花个体内花柱长度的变异及其对繁殖成功的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2018317

生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 159-167. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018317

梅花个体内花柱长度的变异及其对繁殖成功的影响

王晓月^1,^2,³,朱鑫鑫³,杨娟³,刘云静³,汤晓辛^1,^2,^3,^*()

1 贵州师范大学国家林业局西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550025
2 贵州师范大学贵州省植物生理与发育调控重点实验室, 贵阳 550025
3 贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2018-11-27 接受日期:2018-03-05 出版日期:2019-02-20 发布日期:2019-04-08
通讯作者: 汤晓辛
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31560184);国家自然科学基金(31300317);贵州师范大学博士科研启动经费(11904/0518046)

Variation in style length and the effect on reproductive success in Chinese plums (Armeniaca mume)

Wang Xiaoyue^1,^2,³,Zhu Xinxin³,Yang Juan³,Liu Yunjing³,Tang Xiaoxin^1,^2,^3,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025
2 Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025
3 School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025

Received:2018-11-27 Accepted:2018-03-05 Online:2019-02-20 Published:2019-04-08
Contact: Tang Xiaoxin

1. 附录1 梅花花部特征测量.pdf(181KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物个体内花型的变异影响繁殖成功, 雌性繁殖性状的变异可能影响雌性的繁殖成功, 也可能作为花粉的受体影响雄性的繁殖成功。然而, 植物个体内不同花柱长度的花产生的花粉是否影响植物的繁殖成功却少有研究。梅(Armeniaca mume)是原产我国的重要木本花卉和经济果树, 我们的野外观察发现在同一植株内, 不同花的花柱长度有变异, 存在长柱型、短柱型和雄花型(雌蕊败育)三种花型, 是比较雌性繁殖性状的变异对两性繁殖成功的影响的理想材料。本文主要测量了不同花型的花部特征, 统计花期, 并开展体外花粉萌发以及人工控制授粉实验。结果表明: 长柱型的花冠直径、雌蕊长、单花花粉数、花粉体积显著大于短柱型和雄花型。长柱型的单花期以及雌花期显著长于短柱型。长柱型、短柱型以及雄花型花粉在活体柱头上的萌发率没有显著性差异, 雄花型的花粉管长度显著高于长柱型和短柱型。长柱型为母本的花粉萌发率以及花粉管的长度要显著高于短柱型。长柱型、短柱型、雄花型花粉授粉与自然对照处理的坐果率没有显著性差异, 而长柱型为母本的坐果率要显著高于短柱型为母本的坐果率。这些结果表明野生梅花的长柱型为母本有利于花粉的萌发和花粉管的伸长, 有高的坐果率; 但其作为花粉供体的雄性功能与其他花型没有差异。

关键词: 梅, 花柱长度变异, 个体内花变异, 萌发率, 花粉管长度, 坐果率, 花粉的受精率

Abstract

Style length might affect gametophyte competition during pollen germination and pollen tube elongation if pollen quality and quantity deposited on stigmas differs with style length. However, it is unknown whether pollen donors from flowers with different style lengths affect sexual reproduction. Field observation noted that style length of Armeniaca mume varied within individuals including those with long-style type, short-style type and male-flower type. Corolla diameters, pistil length, style length, pollen number and pollen volume of long-style type were significantly higher than those of short-style type. Flower longevity and female phase of long-style type were significantly longer than those of short-style type. Pollen germination rates among long-style, short-style and male-flower types were not significantly different. Pollen tube length of the male-flower type was significantly longer than that of long-style and short-style types. Pollen germination rates and pollen tube length of long-style type as pollen recipient were significantly higher than those of short-style type as pollen recipient. Fruit sets did not significantly differ between flowers pollinated by pollen from long-style, short-style and male-flower types with open-pollinated individuals. Fruit sets of long-style type as pollen recipient were significantly higher than those of short-style type as pollen recipient.

Key words: Armeniaca mume, variation in style length, intraplant floral variation, pollen germination rates, pollen tube length, fruit set, pollen siring success

王晓月,朱鑫鑫,杨娟,刘云静,汤晓辛 (2019) 梅花个体内花柱长度的变异及其对繁殖成功的影响. 生物多样性, 27, 159-167. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018317.

Wang Xiaoyue,Zhu Xinxin,Yang Juan,Liu Yunjing,Tang Xiaoxin (2019) Variation in style length and the effect on reproductive success in Chinese plums (Armeniaca mume). Biodiversity Science, 27, 159-167. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018317.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018317

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I2/159

图/表 6

图1 不同花柱长度花型的梅花。(A)长柱型、短柱型的花苞(花苞期即可区分); (B)长柱型; (C)短柱型; (D)雄花型。L: 长柱型; S: 短柱型; M: 雄花型。

Fig. 1 Flowers of Armeniaca mume showing different style lengths. (A) Buds of long-style type and short-style type (different type can be distinguished during the bud phase); (B) Long-style type; (C) Short-style type; (D) Male-flower type. L, Long-style type; S, Short-style type; M, Male-flower type.

表1 长柱型、短柱型、雄花型梅花花部特征(平均值 ± 标准误)的比较(广义线性模型)。表中数字加粗表示长柱型的指标显著大于短柱型和雄花型相应的指标。花部特征样本量为30, 花期样本量为20。不同小写字母表明不同花型对应的花部特征有显著性差异。

Table 1 Comparisons of floral traits (mean ± SE) among long-style, short-style and male-flower types within individuals of Armeniaca mume using generalized linear model (GLM). Floral traits of long-style type significantly larger than those of short-style and male-flower types are in bold. The sample size of floral characters and floral phase was 30 and 20, respectively. Different letters indicate significant differences in flower traits among three types in the same row.

花部特征 Flower character	长柱型 Long-style type	短柱型 Short-style type	雄花型 Male-flower type	Wald χ²	df	P
花萼长 Spur length (mm)	5.30 ± 0.09^a	5.38 ± 0.08^a	4.99 ± 0.10^b	8.970	2	0.011
花萼宽 Spur width (mm)	3.62 ± 0.05^a	3.78 ± 0.07^a	3.76 ± 0.12^a	2.755	2	0.252
花冠直径 Corolla diameter (mm)	24.42 ± 0.44^a	23.43 ± 0.23^b	21.64 ± 0.41^c	27.656	2	< 0.001
花瓣长 Petal length (mm)	10.44 ± 0.18^a	10.03 ± 0.16^a	9.17 ± 0.18^b	22.160	2	< 0.001
花瓣宽 Petal width (mm)	9.70 ± 0.20^a	9.31 ± 0.16^a	8.05 ± 0.25^b	32.449	2	< 0.001
雄蕊数 Stamen Number	53.71 ± 0.71^b	53.56 ± 0.79^b	56.93 ± 1.10^a	8.460	2	0.015
雄蕊长 Stamen length (mm)	9.25 ± 0.21^b	10.39 ± 0.18^a	8.82 ± 0.22^b	33.193	2	< 0.001
花药长 Anther length (mm)	1.01 ± 0.02^a	1.02 ± 0.01^a	1.01 ± 0.02^a	0.500	2	0.779
雌蕊长 Pistil length (mm)	14.46 ± 0.20^a	12.34 ± 0.21^b	3.42 ± 0.16^c	8.460	2	0.015
花柱长 Style length (mm)	12.20 ± 0.19^a	10.18 ± 0.18^b	/	58.394	1	< 0.001
花粉数 Pollen Number	37,522.22 ± 1,305.85^a	30,386.67 ± 1,412.62^b	32,000.00 ± 2,003.29^b	15.133	2	0.001
花粉体积 Pollen volume (mm³)	1,213.07 ± 28.87^a	1,102.47 ± 31.08^b	1,067.13 ± 49.45^b	10.226	2	0.006
胚珠数 Ovule Number	2.00 ± 0.00^a	2.00 ± 0.00^a	0.90 ± 0.35^b	46.620	2	< 0.001
单花期 Flower longevity (days)	10.43 ± 0.24^a	9.29 ± 0.56^b	10.70 ± 0.30^a	6.620	2	0.037
雄花期 Male phase (days)	5.46 ± 0.35^a	5.23 ± 0.52^a	/	0.140	1	0.079
雌花期 Female phase (days)	4.96 ± 0.30^a	4.06 ± 0.30^b	/	4.670	1	0.031

花部特征 Flower character	长柱型 Long-style type	短柱型 Short-style type	雄花型 Male-flower type	Wald χ²	df	P
花萼长 Spur length (mm)	5.30 ± 0.09^a	5.38 ± 0.08^a	4.99 ± 0.10^b	8.970	2	0.011
花萼宽 Spur width (mm)	3.62 ± 0.05^a	3.78 ± 0.07^a	3.76 ± 0.12^a	2.755	2	0.252
花冠直径 Corolla diameter (mm)	24.42 ± 0.44^a	23.43 ± 0.23^b	21.64 ± 0.41^c	27.656	2	< 0.001
花瓣长 Petal length (mm)	10.44 ± 0.18^a	10.03 ± 0.16^a	9.17 ± 0.18^b	22.160	2	< 0.001
花瓣宽 Petal width (mm)	9.70 ± 0.20^a	9.31 ± 0.16^a	8.05 ± 0.25^b	32.449	2	< 0.001
雄蕊数 Stamen Number	53.71 ± 0.71^b	53.56 ± 0.79^b	56.93 ± 1.10^a	8.460	2	0.015
雄蕊长 Stamen length (mm)	9.25 ± 0.21^b	10.39 ± 0.18^a	8.82 ± 0.22^b	33.193	2	< 0.001
花药长 Anther length (mm)	1.01 ± 0.02^a	1.02 ± 0.01^a	1.01 ± 0.02^a	0.500	2	0.779
雌蕊长 Pistil length (mm)	14.46 ± 0.20^a	12.34 ± 0.21^b	3.42 ± 0.16^c	8.460	2	0.015
花柱长 Style length (mm)	12.20 ± 0.19^a	10.18 ± 0.18^b	/	58.394	1	< 0.001
花粉数 Pollen Number	37,522.22 ± 1,305.85^a	30,386.67 ± 1,412.62^b	32,000.00 ± 2,003.29^b	15.133	2	0.001
花粉体积 Pollen volume (mm³)	1,213.07 ± 28.87^a	1,102.47 ± 31.08^b	1,067.13 ± 49.45^b	10.226	2	0.006
胚珠数 Ovule Number	2.00 ± 0.00^a	2.00 ± 0.00^a	0.90 ± 0.35^b	46.620	2	< 0.001
单花期 Flower longevity (days)	10.43 ± 0.24^a	9.29 ± 0.56^b	10.70 ± 0.30^a	6.620	2	0.037
雄花期 Male phase (days)	5.46 ± 0.35^a	5.23 ± 0.52^a	/	0.140	1	0.079
雌花期 Female phase (days)	4.96 ± 0.30^a	4.06 ± 0.30^b	/	4.670	1	0.031

表2 授粉处理(长柱型、短柱型和雄花型的花粉)时花粉受体(长柱型和短柱型分别为母本)及其交互作用对梅花柱头花粉的萌发率、花粉管长度的影响(广义线性模型)

Table 2 Effect of pollination treatments (long-style, short-style and male-flower types) and pollen recipient type (long-style vs short-style), and their interaction on pollen germination rates and pollen tube length in Armeniaca mume (generalized linear model)

变量 Source of variation	Wald χ²	df	P
萌发率 Germination rates
授粉处理 Pollination treatments	1.010	2	0.604
花粉受体 Pollen recipient type	4.110	1	0.043
交互作用 Interaction	3.860	2	0.145
花粉管长度 Pollen tube length
授粉处理 Pollination treatments	147.178	2	< 0.001
花粉受体 Pollen recipient type	26.615	1	< 0.001
交互作用 Interaction	19.526	2	< 0.001

图2 不同处理间梅花的花粉萌发率(A)和花粉管长度(B)的比较(平均值±标准误)。长柱型花粉、短柱型花粉、雄花型花粉分别为花粉供体, 短柱型和长柱型梅花分别作为花粉受体。相同字母表示处理间没有显著差异。条形图内部的数字表示处理的样本量。

Fig. 2 Comparisons of in vivo pollen germination rates (A) and pollen tube length (mean ± SE) (B) of pollen donors from long-style, short-style and male-flower types, with the long- style and short-style types in Armeniaca mume as pollen recipients. The same letters indicate no significant difference within the flower type. Numbers of sample size are shown in the bars.

表3 授粉处理(自然对照、长柱型、短柱型和雄花型的花粉)时花粉受体(长柱型和短柱型分别为母本)及其交互作用对梅花坐果率的影响(广义线性模型)

Table 3 Effect of pollination treatments (control, long-style type, short-style type, male-flower type) and pollen recipient type (long-style vs short-style), and their interaction on fruit set of Armeniaca mume (generalized linear model)

变量 Source of variation	Wald χ²	df	P
坐果率 Fruit set
授粉处理 Pollination treatments	0.704	3	0.872
花粉受体 Pollen recipient type	3.914	1	0.048
交互作用 Interaction	5.920	3	0.116

图3 不同处理梅花坐果率比较。花粉供体为长柱型、短柱型、雄花型花粉和自然对照, 短柱型和长柱型梅花分别作为花粉受体。相同字母表示处理间没有显著的差异。条形图内部的数字表示处理的样本量。

Fig. 3 Comparison of fruit set between pollen donors from long-style, short-style and male-flower types, with the long-style and short-style types in Armeniaca mume as pollen recipients. Bars with the same letters are not significantly different. Numbers of sample size are shown in the bars.

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梅花个体内花柱长度的变异及其对繁殖成功的影响

Variation in style length and the effect on reproductive success in Chinese plums (Armeniaca mume)

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