上海主要内陆水体鱼类物种多样性本底及群落结构

doi:10.17520/biods.2024290

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 24290. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024290 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024290

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 下一篇

上海主要内陆水体鱼类物种多样性本底及群落结构

潘正东¹(), 林熙戎²(), 薛华¹(), 胡治颖¹(), 郭弘艺¹^,³(), 张亚¹^,³(), 吴阿娜²^,^*()(), 唐文乔¹^,³^,^*()()

1.上海海洋大学海洋动物系统分类与进化上海高校重点实验室, 上海 201306
2.上海市环境监测中心, 上海 200235
3.上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海 201306

收稿日期:2024-07-02 接受日期:2024-10-16 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-03-20
通讯作者: 吴阿娜,唐文乔
基金资助:
上海市环境监测中心项目

Fish species diversity background and community structure in the main inland water bodies of Shanghai

Zhengdong Pan¹(), Xirong Lin²(), Hua Xue¹(), Zhiying Hu¹(), Hongyi Guo¹^,³(), Ya Zhang¹^,³(), Enuo Wu²^,^*()(), Wenqiao Tang¹^,³^,^*()()

1. Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2. Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
3. National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China

Received:2024-07-02 Accepted:2024-10-16 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-03-20
Contact: Enuo Wu, Wenqiao Tang
Supported by:
Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center

1. 附录.pdf(885KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解上海主要内陆水体鱼类多样性本底及其群落结构组成, 本文于2023年7-8月(夏季)和2023年10-11月(秋季)采集了上海13条河流和1个水库的鱼类, 共获标本20,160尾。经鉴定有16目24科54属71种, 其中鲤形目、虾虎鱼目和鲇形目分别占总种数的57.74%、9.86%和5.63%; 有淡水鱼类57种、河口鱼类11种、洄游鱼类3种; 其中的5种为外来种或人工培育种。这种鲈形系占比较高的分类学组成以及河口鱼类较丰富的生态类型, 代表了中国东部地区河口感潮河网鱼类组成的特点。14个水体平均有鱼类35.9种, 最多的浦南运河和浦东运河各有47种, 最少的滴水湖仅24种。本研究共发现15个优势种和14个常见种, 每个水体平均有优势种5种、常见种10种, 其中鲫(Carassius auratus)、大鳍鱊(Acheilognathus macropterus)、达氏鲌(Chanodichthys dabryi)和红鳍鲌(C. erythropterus)是14个水体总体的优势种。Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon多样性指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(J′)和Simpson优势度指数(C)均显示, 圆泄泾等13条河流的鱼类多样性水平较高, 滴水湖最低。各水体之间的Cody指数(β_c)在4.0-15.5之间, 平均9.9; Routledge指数(β_R)在12.44-28.76之间, 平均19.8, 表现出较大的物种差异性。丰度生物量曲线(abundance biomass comparison curve, ABC曲线)显示, 多数水体的统计量W为负值, 丰度优势度曲线大多在生物量曲线之上, 呈现出以中小型或小个体鱼类为主的群落结构特点。聚类分析可将14个水体的鱼类群落划分为4组, 除组I外的组内相似性均在74%左右, 组间相异性在31.42%-49.65%之间, 相异率贡献最高的为鲫、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)和蒙古鲌(Chanodichthys mongolicus)。分析显示, 造成上海内陆水体鱼类群落结构这种差异的原因, 主要在于水体本身的自然条件、区域位置和放流活动。在保护好水域环境和鱼类栖息生境的前提下, 建筑物密集的大都市水域也能维持较高的鱼类物种多样性。

关键词: 上海内陆水体, 鱼类物种多样性, 鱼类群落结构, 本底调查

Abstract

Aims: Our objective is to provide a better understanding on the background and community structure of fish diversity in the main inland water bodies of Shanghai.

Methods: We used specimens from 13 rivers and one reservoir in Shanghai to investigate the species resources and community structure of fish in the main inland water bodies of Shanghai. These specimens were examined qualitatively and quantitatively from July to August in summer and then from October to November in autumn in 2023.

Results: A total of 20,160 specimens belonging to 16 orders, 24 families, 57 genera, and 71 species were collected and identified. Cypriniformes, Gobiiformes, and Siluriformes accounted for 57.74%, 9.86%, and 5.63% of the total species, respectively. There were 57 species of freshwater fish, 11 species of estuarine fish, 3 species of migratory fish, and 5 exotic or artificial species. The high taxonomic composition of series Percomorpha and the rich ecological types of estuarine fish represented the characteristics of fish composition in estuarine tidal river networks in eastern China. There was an average of 35.9 species of fish in the 14 water bodies. The Punan Canal and Pudong Canal had the largest number with 47 species each, and Dishui Lake had the smallest number with 24 species. There were 15 dominant species and 14 common species with the average being 5 dominant species and 10 common species in each water body. Carassius auratus, Acheilognathus macropterus, Culter dabryi, and Chanodichthys erythropterus were the dominant species in the 14 water bodies. The Margalef richness index (D), Shannon diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (J'), and Simpson dominance index (C) showed fish diversity is higher in the 13 rivers such as Yuanxie River and lowest in Dishui Lake. The Cody index (β_c) of each water body ranged from 4.0-15.5 with an average of 9.9. A large species diversity was shown by the Routledge index (β_R) ranging from 12.44 to 28.76 with an average of 19.8. The ABC curve showed W was negative in most water bodies, and the abundance dominance curve was mostly above the biomass curve, showing the characteristics of community structure dominated by small and medium-sized individual fish. The fish communities in 14 water bodies were divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis. The similarities within the groups were approximately 74%, with the exception of the first group, and the differences between the groups were 31.42%-49.65%. The highest contribution of differences was Carassius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva, and Chanodichthys mongolicus.

Conclusion: Our results suggest the differences of fish community structure of main inland water bodies in Shanghai may be caused by natural conditions, regional location, release activities of the water bodies, and the land use forms where the water bodies are located. The water of the metropolis with dense buildings can also maintain a high diversity of fish species under the premise of protecting the water environment and fish habitat.

Key words: inland water body of Shanghai, species diversity of fish, fish community structure, background survey

潘正东, 林熙戎, 薛华, 胡治颖, 郭弘艺, 张亚, 吴阿娜, 唐文乔 (2025) 上海主要内陆水体鱼类物种多样性本底及群落结构. 生物多样性, 33, 24290. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024290.

Zhengdong Pan, Xirong Lin, Hua Xue, Zhiying Hu, Hongyi Guo, Ya Zhang, Enuo Wu, Wenqiao Tang (2025) Fish species diversity background and community structure in the main inland water bodies of Shanghai. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24290. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024290.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024290

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I6/24290

图/表 10

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种类 Species	IRI
鲫 Carassius auratus	2,554.3
大鳍鱊 Acheilognathus macropterus	1,354.5
达氏鲌 Chanodichthys dabryi	1,292.6
红鳍鲌 Chanodichthys erythropterus	1,139.1
䱗 Hemiculter leucisculus	854.2
兴凯鱊 Acheilognathus chankaensis	853.8
翘嘴鲌 Culter alburnus	756.8
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva	678.9
似鳊 Pseudobrama simoni	668.0
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	597.0
蒙古鲌 Chanodichthys mongolicus	491.9
鳙 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis	333.2
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus	328.4
河川沙塘鳢 Odontobutis potamophila	320.9
鳊 Parabramis pekinensis	318.6
鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	309.8
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis	281.0
刀鲚 Coilia ectenes	203.8
似鱎 Toxabramis swinhonis	171.7
乌鳢 Channa argus	146.8
真吻虾虎鱼 Rhinogobius similis	116.6
黑鳍鳈 Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis	103.4
大鳞副泥鳅 Misgurnus dabryanus	100.0

种类 Species	IRI
鲫 Carassius auratus	2,554.3
大鳍鱊 Acheilognathus macropterus	1,354.5
达氏鲌 Chanodichthys dabryi	1,292.6
红鳍鲌 Chanodichthys erythropterus	1,139.1
䱗 Hemiculter leucisculus	854.2
兴凯鱊 Acheilognathus chankaensis	853.8
翘嘴鲌 Culter alburnus	756.8
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva	678.9
似鳊 Pseudobrama simoni	668.0
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	597.0
蒙古鲌 Chanodichthys mongolicus	491.9
鳙 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis	333.2
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus	328.4
河川沙塘鳢 Odontobutis potamophila	320.9
鳊 Parabramis pekinensis	318.6
鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	309.8
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis	281.0
刀鲚 Coilia ectenes	203.8
似鱎 Toxabramis swinhonis	171.7
乌鳢 Channa argus	146.8
真吻虾虎鱼 Rhinogobius similis	116.6
黑鳍鳈 Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis	103.4
大鳞副泥鳅 Misgurnus dabryanus	100.0

河流 River	物种数 Number of species	Margalef丰富度指数Margalef richness index (D)	Shannon多样性指数Shannon diversity index (H')	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J°)	Simpson优势度指数Simpson dominance index (C)
西大盈港 Xidaying River	33	4.69	2.59	0.79	0.11
油墩港 Youdun River	40	5.74	2.83	0.78	0.08
华田泾 Huatian River	35	4.68	2.80	0.86	0.08
蕰藻浜 Wenzao River	39	5.49	2.74	0.76	0.11
练祁河 Lianqi River	37	5.66	3.01	0.83	0.06
太浦河 Taipu River	39	5.36	2.83	0.81	0.09
大蒸港 Dazheng River	30	4.51	2.65	0.80	0.10
圆泄泾 Yuanxie River	35	5.87	3.03	0.86	0.07
掘石港 Jueshi River	35	5.48	2.93	0.85	0.07
胥浦塘 Xupu River	32	5.30	2.96	0.88	0.06
南竹港 Nanzhu River	30	4.05	2.86	0.88	0.07
浦南运河 Punan Canal	47	5.55	2.89	0.78	0.08
浦东运河 Pudong Canal	47	5.51	2.75	0.74	0.09
滴水湖 Dishui Lake	24	3.89	2.04	0.64	0.21

河流 River	物种数 Number of species	Margalef丰富度指数Margalef richness index (D)	Shannon多样性指数Shannon diversity index (H')	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J°)	Simpson优势度指数Simpson dominance index (C)
西大盈港 Xidaying River	33	4.69	2.59	0.79	0.11
油墩港 Youdun River	40	5.74	2.83	0.78	0.08
华田泾 Huatian River	35	4.68	2.80	0.86	0.08
蕰藻浜 Wenzao River	39	5.49	2.74	0.76	0.11
练祁河 Lianqi River	37	5.66	3.01	0.83	0.06
太浦河 Taipu River	39	5.36	2.83	0.81	0.09
大蒸港 Dazheng River	30	4.51	2.65	0.80	0.10
圆泄泾 Yuanxie River	35	5.87	3.03	0.86	0.07
掘石港 Jueshi River	35	5.48	2.93	0.85	0.07
胥浦塘 Xupu River	32	5.30	2.96	0.88	0.06
南竹港 Nanzhu River	30	4.05	2.86	0.88	0.07
浦南运河 Punan Canal	47	5.55	2.89	0.78	0.08
浦东运河 Pudong Canal	47	5.51	2.75	0.74	0.09
滴水湖 Dishui Lake	24	3.89	2.04	0.64	0.21

群组 Group		平均相似性 Average similarity (%)			平均相异性 Average dissimilarity (%)
		II	III	IV	I-II	I-III	I-IV	II-III	II-IV	III-IV
鲫 Carassius auratus		6.42	6.32	6.88	5.97	5.76	6.46
大鳍鱊 Acheilognathus macropterus		6.21	5.48	5.84		2.40	2.67
兴凯鱊 Acheilognathus chankaensis		5.66	5.77	4.71	2.93	2.59
无须鱊 Acheilognathus gracilis				4.37	3.34		4.10	4.30		5.35
斜方鱊 Acheilognathus rhombeus						2.47		2.84		3.16
中华鳑鲏 Rhodeus sinensis								2.44	3.33	2.81
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus			5.72	4.25	3.70	5.31	4.31	2.27
方氏鳑鲏 Rhodeus fangi								2.81	2.99
鲤 Cyprinus carpio					2.55		3.71			2.27
䱗 Hemiculter leucisculus		5.58	5.10	4.95
贝氏䱗 Hemiculter bleekeri								2.51	3.05
鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix									2.38
鳙 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis					3.25			2.59
花䱻 Hemibarbus maculatus					4.67	3.27	4.43
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva		5.24	5.13	5.21	5.21	4.83	5.14
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis		5.20							3.50	2.33
蛇鮈 Saurogobio dabryi						3.36		3.62		4.09
翘嘴鲌 Culter alburnus				4.18
达氏鲌 Chanodichthys dabryi		4.55	5.56	5.75
蒙古鲌 Chanodichthys mongolicus					3.41	3.76	3.13		2.36	2.37
红鳍鲌 Chanodichthys erythropterus		5.47	4.71	5.57	2.45
鳊 Parabramis pekinensis					2.62			2.62	3.24	2.47
似鳊 Pseudobrama simoni		4.47					3.34
刀鲚 Coilia ectenes			4.06					2.04	2.69	2.51
华鳈 Sarcocheilichthys sinensis							3.30	2.00	2.19	3.43
小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis					3.16			1.99	4.32	2.28
河川沙塘鳢 Odontobutis potamophila	4.77				4.62	3.73	3.94
乌鳢 Channa argus					2.80	3.44			2.27	2.34
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus								2.59	2.66	2.06
大鳞副泥鳅 Misgurnus dabryanus							3.74	2.59	2.89
光泽黄颡鱼 Tachysurus nitidus								2.94		2.66
鲇 Silurus asotus						2.38				2.01
似鱎 Toxabramis swinhonis						2.86		2.18		2.27
中国花鲈 Lateolabrax maculatus									2.12	2.04
真吻虾虎鱼 Rhinogobius similis			4.25					2.57	2.56
双带缟虾虎鱼 Tridentiger bifasciatus						2.66		3.10	2.75	2.79
拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼 Odontamblyopus lacepedii							2.74	1.90	3.18	2.39
血鹦鹉鱼(Vieja synsplia ♀ × Amphilophus citrinellus ♂)						2.24
鲻 Mugil cephalus								1.85
中华刺鳅 Sinobdella sinensis									2.04

上海主要内陆水体鱼类物种多样性本底及群落结构

Fish species diversity background and community structure in the main inland water bodies of Shanghai

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