基于红外相机技术的林麝行为PAE编码与多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2024042

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 24042. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024042

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

基于红外相机技术的林麝行为PAE编码与多样性

宋芬¹^,²(), 周芸芸², 黄太福³(), 杨存存⁴, 于桂清⁴, 田书荣²^,^*(), 向左甫¹^,^*()()

1.中南林业科技大学林学院, 长沙 410004
2.湖南省林业科学院, 长沙 410004
3.中国林业科学院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所, 北京 100091
4.湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区管理局, 湖南常德 415319

收稿日期:2024-01-31 接受日期:2024-05-04 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-06-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: 139685878@qq.com; xiangzf@csuft.edu.cn
基金资助:
湖南省林业科技攻关与创新项目(XLK202402);湖南省野生动植物保护项目(SD2023A001);湖南省野生动植物保护项目(SD2023A007);湖南省野生动植物保护项目(SD2024A003)

PAE coding and diversity analysis of Moschus berezovskii behavior based on infrared camera technology

Fen Song¹^,²(), Yunyun Zhou², Taifu Huang³(), Cuncun Yang⁴, Guiqing Yu⁴, Shurong Tian²^,^*(), Zuofu Xiang¹^,^*()()

1. College of Forest, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004
2. Forestry Academy of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004
3. Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091
4. Administration Bureau of Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve, Changde, Hunan 415319

Received:2024-01-31 Accepted:2024-05-04 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-06-18
Contact: * E-mail: 139685878@qq.com; xiangzf@csuft.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

了解野生动物在自然环境中的行为表现, 对于制定该物种的保护政策尤为重要。野生林麝(Moschus berezovskii)是湖南省分布的几种国家一级重点保护动物之一, 但对其在野外的行为表现研究甚为匮乏。2019年4月至2023年6月, 作者对湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区的固定红外相机监测数据进行了分类汇总, 使用PAE编码系统开展林麝的行为谱及多样性研究。本文旨在: (1)参照PAE动物行为编码范式, 建立林麝的行为谱及编码系统。(2)对林麝的行为数据进行统计并计算行为多样性指数, 分析不同季节、性别、年龄组和生境间的差异。结果显示: (1)通过野生林麝845张有效照片和133段视频辨识了林麝7种姿势、65种动作和32种行为, 基本涵盖了林麝的主要日常行为; (2)不同季节的行为多样性指数存在差异, 春季(H_春 = 0.8922, r_春 = 0.3850) > 夏季(H_夏 = 0.7954, r_夏 = 0.3432) > 秋季(H_秋 = 0.7775, r_秋 = 0.3355) > 冬季(H_冬 = 0.5094, r_冬 = 0.2198); (3)雄麝、雌麝和幼体行为差异明显, 幼体未记录到排遗、标记、自我指向3种行为, 雌麝有较多的自我指向行为, 雄麝独有标记行为, 行为多样性指数表现为雌麝(H_雌 = 0.6338) > 雄麝(H_雄 = 0.5814) > 幼麝(H_幼 = 0.3816); (4)林麝在针阔混交林的行为多样性指数最高, 摄食行为频次居于各生境前列。综上, 本研究首次提供了野生林麝的行为谱及其编码, 将为深入地开展林麝行为生态学研究和保护管理提供基础数据。

关键词: 林麝, 行为谱, PAE编码系统, 行为多样性, 壶瓶山

Abstract

Aims: At present, few studies have been conducted on the behavior of wild forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii). Therefore, we aim to construct an ethogram and posture-act-environment (PAE) coding system for M. berezovskii to improve our fundamental understanding of this species’ behavior.
Methods: Infrared camera monitoring data collected at Hupingshan National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province from April 2019 to June 2023 were classified and summarized. Referring to commonly used animal behavior coding methods in China, the behavior spectrum and PAE coding system of M. berezovskii were established with ‘posture-act- environment’. These behavioral data were statistically analyzed and the behavioral diversity index was calculated to analyze differences in behavior across seasons, genders, age groups, and habitats.
Results: A total of 845 valid photos and 133 videos of wild M. berezovskii were identified, and 7 postures, 65 acts and 32 behaviors of M. berezovskii were distinguished and recorded from this video data. These records cover all common daily behaviors of M. berezovskii. We found differences in the behavioral diversity index in different seasons, with the highest diversity indice in spring (H_spring = 0.8922, r_spring = 0.3850), followed by summer (H_summer = 0.7954, r_summer = 0.3432), autumn (H_autumn = 0.7775, r_autumn= 0.3355), and lastly, winter (H_winter = 0.5094, r_winter = 0.2198). The behaviors of males, females and juvenile were significantly different. Three types of behaviors were not recorded in juvenile (tagging behavior, elimination behavior, and self-directed). Females performed more self-directed behaviors, and males displayed unique marking behaviors. The behavioral diversity index of females (H_females = 0.6338) was greater than males (H_males = 0.5814), and lowest for juvenile (H_juvenile = 0.3816). Among habitat types, the behavioral diversity index of M. berezovskii in mixed broadleaf-conifer forest was the highest, and the ingestive behavior is the predominant behavior displayed, regardless of habitat type.
Conclusion: This study provides the behavioral spectrum and a behavior spectrum and PAE coding system of wild M. berezovskii for the first time. Our results provide vital foundational data paving the way to further research on behavioral ecology and conservation management of M. berezovskii.

Key words: Moschus berezovskii, ethogram, PAE coding system, behavioral diversity, Hupingshan

宋芬, 周芸芸, 黄太福, 杨存存, 于桂清, 田书荣, 向左甫 (2024) 基于红外相机技术的林麝行为PAE编码与多样性. 生物多样性, 32, 24042. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024042.

Fen Song, Yunyun Zhou, Taifu Huang, Cuncun Yang, Guiqing Yu, Shurong Tian, Zuofu Xiang (2024) PAE coding and diversity analysis of Moschus berezovskii behavior based on infrared camera technology. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24042. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024042.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024042

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I6/24042

图/表 7

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姿势 Posture	编码 Code	姿势 Posture	编码 Code
站 Standing	1	跑 Running	5
蹲 Squatting	2	跳 Jumping	6
卧 Sitting	3	攀登 Climbing	7
行 Walking	4

姿势 Posture	编码 Code	姿势 Posture	编码 Code
站 Standing	1	跑 Running	5
蹲 Squatting	2	跳 Jumping	6
卧 Sitting	3	攀登 Climbing	7
行 Walking	4

动作 Act	编码 Code	动作 Act	编码 Code
头颈部 Head and neck		耳前伏 Ears laid forward	33
摇头 Shake	1	耳后伏 Ears laid back	34
低头 Bow head	2	嗅 Sniff	35
抬头 Head up	3	鼻翼撑张 Nosewing open	36
点头 Nod	4	喷嚏 Sneeze	37
回头 Turn back	5	四肢 Limbs
左转 Turn head left	6	直立 Stand	38
右转 Turn head right	7	踏步 Step	39
顶 Bunt	8	前迈步 Step forward	40
前伸 Extend forward	9	后迈步 Step back	41
蹭 Rub	10	侧迈步 Step diagonal	42
嘴部 Mouth		跑 Run	43
啃 Gnaw	11	跳 Jump	44
扯 Pull	12	撑 Support	45
嚼 Chew	13	前肢伸直 Foreleg straight	46
舔 Lick	14	单前肢弯曲 One foreleg bends	47
咬 Bite	15	攀登 Climbing	48
舔嘴唇 Lick lip	16	单后肢弯曲 One hindleg bends	49
张嘴 Open mouth	17	单后肢抬起 One hindleg hangs	50
漏齿 Leaky teeth	18	四肢对齐站立 Stand with four legs together	51
流涎 Salivate	19	后肢开叉站立 Stand with hind legs apart	52
咂嘴 Lip flipper	20	后肢蹲 Hind legs squat	53
吞咽 Swallow	21	挠 Scratch	54
闭嘴 Close mouth	22	腰荐腹尾部 Hindquarter
吐舌 Stick out tongue	23	伸腰 Stretch	55
出声 Send out the voice	24	弯腰 Bend	56
眼耳鼻部 Eye, ear and nose		左转身 Turn left of the body	57
闭眼 Close eyes	25	右转身 Turn right of the body	58
眨眼 Blink	26	转圈 Circle	59
注视 Watch	27	收腹 Contraction	60
观望 Attention	28	尾下垂 Tail down	61
耳前转 Ears turn forward	29	蹭 Rub	62
耳后转 Ears turn back	30	抖动 Shieve	63
耳侧立 Ears turn to aside	31	排尿 Urinate	64
扇动耳朵 Fan ear	32	排便 Defecate	65

动作 Act	编码 Code	动作 Act	编码 Code
头颈部 Head and neck		耳前伏 Ears laid forward	33
摇头 Shake	1	耳后伏 Ears laid back	34
低头 Bow head	2	嗅 Sniff	35
抬头 Head up	3	鼻翼撑张 Nosewing open	36
点头 Nod	4	喷嚏 Sneeze	37
回头 Turn back	5	四肢 Limbs
左转 Turn head left	6	直立 Stand	38
右转 Turn head right	7	踏步 Step	39
顶 Bunt	8	前迈步 Step forward	40
前伸 Extend forward	9	后迈步 Step back	41
蹭 Rub	10	侧迈步 Step diagonal	42
嘴部 Mouth		跑 Run	43
啃 Gnaw	11	跳 Jump	44
扯 Pull	12	撑 Support	45
嚼 Chew	13	前肢伸直 Foreleg straight	46
舔 Lick	14	单前肢弯曲 One foreleg bends	47
咬 Bite	15	攀登 Climbing	48
舔嘴唇 Lick lip	16	单后肢弯曲 One hindleg bends	49
张嘴 Open mouth	17	单后肢抬起 One hindleg hangs	50
漏齿 Leaky teeth	18	四肢对齐站立 Stand with four legs together	51
流涎 Salivate	19	后肢开叉站立 Stand with hind legs apart	52
咂嘴 Lip flipper	20	后肢蹲 Hind legs squat	53
吞咽 Swallow	21	挠 Scratch	54
闭嘴 Close mouth	22	腰荐腹尾部 Hindquarter
吐舌 Stick out tongue	23	伸腰 Stretch	55
出声 Send out the voice	24	弯腰 Bend	56
眼耳鼻部 Eye, ear and nose		左转身 Turn left of the body	57
闭眼 Close eyes	25	右转身 Turn right of the body	58
眨眼 Blink	26	转圈 Circle	59
注视 Watch	27	收腹 Contraction	60
观望 Attention	28	尾下垂 Tail down	61
耳前转 Ears turn forward	29	蹭 Rub	62
耳后转 Ears turn back	30	抖动 Shieve	63
耳侧立 Ears turn to aside	31	排尿 Urinate	64
扇动耳朵 Fan ear	32	排便 Defecate	65

环境 Environment	生物环境 Biotic	非生物环境 Abiotic	编码 Code
水源 Water		+	1
石块 Stone		+	2
雪地 Snowfield		+	3
阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	+		4
针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest	+		5
灌丛 Shrub	+		6
草丛 Underbrush	+		7
树桩树干 Stump trunk	+		8
雄性个体 Male	+		9
雌性个体 Female	+		10
幼体 Juvenile	+		11
母幼 Mother and juvenile	+		12

基于红外相机技术的林麝行为PAE编码与多样性

PAE coding and diversity analysis of Moschus berezovskii behavior based on infrared camera technology

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行为 Behavior	成年雄性 Adult male	成年雌性 Adult female	幼体 Juvenile	季节 Season	PAE编码 PAE code
行为 Behavior	成年雄性 Adult male	成年雌性 Adult female	幼体 Juvenile	季节 Season	姿势 Posture (P)	动作 Act (A)	环境 Environment (E)
摄食行为 Ingestive behavior
站式觅食 Standing foraging	+++	+++		Y	1	2, 3, 9, 38, 52	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
行式觅食 Walking foraging	+++	+++	+	Y	1, 4	2, 3, 9, 22, 35, 40, 42	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
站式采食 Feeding while standing	+++	+++		Y	1	2, 3, 9, 12, 13, 14, 21, 38, 46, 48	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
行式采食 Feeding while walking	+++	+++		Y	4	2, 3, 11, 12, 13, 16, 21, 40, 42	2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
卧式采食 Feeding while lying	+	+		Y	3	2, 3, 11, 12, 21, 51	4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11
反刍咀嚼 Ruminate and chew	+++	+++	+	Y	1, 4	9, 13, 16	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
休息行为 Resting behavior
树下卧息 Lying under trees			+	sp	3	29, 31, 53, 61	4, 11
树下站息 Standing under trees	+	+	+	Y	1	28, 54	2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12
树上站息 Standing on the tree	+	+		W	1	31, 53	4, 8, 9, 10
警戒行为 Vigilant behavior
站式警戒 Standing vigilance	+++	+++	+	Y	1	27, 28, 31, 35, 38, 48	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
行式警戒 Walking vigilance	++	++		Y	4	27, 28, 31, 35, 40, 42	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
蹲式警戒 Squatting vigilance	+	++		s, w	2	27, 28, 31, 35, 45, 53, 56	3, 4, 5, 9, 10
惊跳 Alert jumping	+	+		Y	5, 6	27, 33, 44	4, 5, 8, 9, 10
运动行为 Locomotive behavior
前行 Walking forward	+++	+++	+++	Y	4	30, 31, 33, 40	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
奔跑 Running	+	+	+	Y	5	33, 43, 55	2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
侧行 Walking sideways	+	+		Y	4	29, 30, 31, 42, 57, 58	4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10
跳跃 Jumping	++	++	+	Y	6	33, 44, 55	2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11
跟随 Following			+++	s	4, 5, 6	27, 39, 43	2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12
攀登 Climb	+	+		w	7	27, 34, 40, 48	2, 9, 10
标记行为 Tagging behavior
尾腺标记 Tail gland marking	+			s, w	1	3, 28, 52, 62	4, 6, 8, 9
尾腺气味释放 Tail gland odor release	+			s, w	1	52, 63	4, 6, 7, 9
排遗行为 Elimination behavior
蹲式排尿 Squatting urination	++	++		Y	2	28, 29, 30, 34, 45, 53, 64	4, 6, 9, 10
蹲式排便 Squatting defecation	++	++		Y	2	28, 29, 30, 34, 45, 53, 65	4, 6, 9, 10
自我指向 Self-directed
后肢搔挠 Scratching with the hind leg		++		Y	1	50, 54, 61	4, 6, 7, 10
口部梳理 Self-grooming		+		a, w	1, 2	2, 5, 14, 15, 57, 58	4, 6, 7, 10
舔毛 Licking hair		+		w	1	14, 56	4, 6, 7, 10
喷嚏 Sneeze		+		sp, w	1	2, 3, 4, 34, 37, 63	4, 6, 10
甩毛 Shivering		+		sp, a, s	1	1, 29, 30, 38, 63	4, 7, 10
亲和行为 Affinity behavior
梳理毛发 Hair combing	+	+		w	1	9, 10, 14, 15, 27, 38, 56	4, 6, 9, 10
嗅闻 Sniff	+	+		w	1	9, 35, 36	4, 6, 9, 10
面体接触 Face-body contact	+	+	+	w	1, 3	9, 10, 35	4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12
嬉戏 Frolic			+	w	5, 6	29, 30, 33, 34, 40, 43, 44	4, 6, 7, 11

组别 Groups	绝对行为多样性指数(H)	特定行为类型多样性指数 (H_variable)	相对行为多样性指数 (r)	校正多样性指数 (r-variable)
生境组 Habitat groups
阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	0.5530	1.7737	0.2386	0.3118
针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest	1.1227	2.4307	0.4845	0.4619
灌丛 Shrub	0.4953	3.0794	0.2137	0.1608
草丛 Underbrush	0.7694	2.1309	0.3320	0.3611
平均 Average	0.7351	2.3537	0.3172	0.3239
季节组 Season groups
春季 Spring	0.8922	1.5616	0.3850	0.5714
夏季 Summer	0.7954	1.1309	0.3432	0.5245
秋季 Autumn	0.7775	0.9307	0.3355	0.8354
冬季 Winter	0.5094	2.2482	0.2198	0.2266
平均 Average	0.7436	1.4679	0.3490	0.5395
性别年龄组 Age and gender groups
雄性 Male	0.5814	1.8614	0.2508	0.3124
雌性 Female	0.6338	2.2482	0.2783	0.2819
幼体 Juvenile	0.3816	1.0179	0.1647	0.3750
平均 Average	0.5323	1.7092	0.2313	0.3231

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