中华鬣羚行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立

doi:10.17520/biods.2021207

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 1650-1657. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021207

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

中华鬣羚行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立

刘怀君¹^,², 吕旭²^,⁵, 王晓芳², 寇卫利³^,^*(), 缪国辉²^,⁴, 袁华¹

1.西南林业大学林学院, 昆明 650224
2.理县林业和草原局, 四川理县 623100
3.西南林业大学大数据与智能工程学院, 昆明 650224
4.什邡市自然资源和规划局, 四川什邡 618400
5.四川米亚罗自然保护区, 四川理县 623100

收稿日期:2021-05-23 接受日期:2021-07-20 出版日期:2021-12-20 发布日期:2021-08-20
通讯作者: 寇卫利
作者简介:*E-mail: kwl_eric@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31760181);国家自然科学基金(31400493);云南省农业基础研究联合专项项目(2017FG001-034);云南省农业基础研究联合专项项目(2018FG001-059);生物资源数字化开发应用项目(202002AA10007)

Behavioral ethogram and posture-act-environment coding system of Capricornis sumatraensis

Huaijun Liu¹^,², Xu Lü²^,⁵, Xiaofang Wang², Weili Kou³^,^*(), Guohui Miu²^,⁴, Hua Yuan¹

1 College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
2 Lixian Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Lixian, Sichuan 623100
3 College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
4 Shifang Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Shifang, Sichuan 618400
5 Miyaluo Nature Reserve, Lixian, Sichuan 623100

Received:2021-05-23 Accepted:2021-07-20 Online:2021-12-20 Published:2021-08-20
Contact: Weili Kou

1. 附录1 中华鬣羚PAE编码系统.pdf(704KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

栖息地破碎化、人为干扰等因素影响着中华鬣羚(Capricornis sumatraensis)的生存。目前, 中华鬣羚的行为研究还比较匮乏, 因此有必要构建中华鬣羚的行为谱及PAE (posture-act-environment)编码系统, 以期促进其基础行为资料的完善, 为深入开展科学研究和保护工作奠定基础。本文旨在: (1)参照国内常用的动物行为编码方法, 以“姿势-动作-环境”为轴心, 建立中华鬣羚的行为谱及PAE编码系统, 并随机抽取20%的中华鬣羚视频作为检测样本, 对行为谱的实际使用效果进行测试。(2)对中华鬣羚的行为数据进行统计并通过计算行为多样性指数, 分析各特定年龄组间的行为多样性差异, 检验特定年龄组与行为多样性指数间的相关性。结果显示: (1)通过区别和归类中华鬣羚的10种姿势、80种动作、9种环境、78种行为, 首次建立了中华鬣羚的行为谱及PAE编码系统。经测试, 该行为谱能够客观地对中华鬣羚行为进行识别和归类。(2)与亚成体和幼体相比, 中华鬣羚成体特定行为类型的行为多样性指数(A_variable)、绝对行为多样性指数(A)、相对行为多样性指数(r)和校正行为多样性指数(r-variable)均为最高; 中华鬣羚亚成体特定行为类型的行为多样性指数(A_variable)、绝对行为多样性指数(A)、相对行为多样性指数(r)介于成体和幼体之间; 中华鬣羚幼体的特定行为类型的行为多样性指数(A_variable)、绝对行为多样性指数(A)和相对行为多样性指数(r)最低, 校正行为多样性指数(r-variable)高于亚成体。(3)中华鬣羚行为谱可用于其行为学研究, 今后应获取繁殖行为的图像数据, 更新行为谱及PAE编码系统。(4) 3个特定年龄组中华鬣羚的各行为多样性指数之间差异不显著(F = 0.013, P = 0.987), 从幼体到成体, 中华鬣羚的特定行为类型的行为多样性指数(A_variable)、绝对行为多样性指数(A)和相对行为多样性指数(r)随年龄的增大呈递增趋势。综上所述, 我们应深入研究中华鬣羚行为学, 为其保护工作提供科学支撑。

关键词: 中华鬣羚, 行为谱, PAE编码系统

Abstract

Aims: Habitat fragmentation and human disturbance are factors that affect the survival of Capricornis sumatraensis. Protecting C. sumatraensis, in-depth study of the behavioral and ecological characteristics of this species is the prerequisite and basis for taking necessary protective measures. Behavioral research of C. sumatraensis is relatively scarce, so it is necessary to build a behavioral ethogram and posture-act-environment (PAE) coding system of C. sumatraensis in order to promote the improvement of their basic behavior data, and lay the foundation for further scientific research and protection.
Methods: (1) Referring to the commonly used animal behavior coding methods in China, the behavior ethogram and PAE coding system of C. sumatraensis were established based on the PAE axis. Twenty percent of C. sumatraensis videos were randomly selected from the video database to test the effectiveness of the behavioral ethogram. (2) The behavioral data of C. sumatraensis were counted and the behavioral diversity index was calculated. The differences between the behavioral diversity of specific age groups were analyzed, and the correlation between specific age groups and behavioral diversity index was calculated.
Results: (1) This paper classifies 10 postures, 80 actions, 9 environments and 78 behaviors of C. sumatraensis, and establishes the behavior ethogram and PAE coding system of C. sumatraensis for the first time. Through the behavior ethogram, it can objectively identify and classify C. sumatraensis behaviors. (2) Compared with sub-adults and cub, adult C. sumatraensis had the highest A_variable, A, r, r-variable. The A_variable, A, r of C. sumatraensis sub-adults were lower than adults but higher than cub. Cub C. sumatraensis had the lowest A_variable, A, r, and the r-variable was higher than that of sub-adults. (3) The behavior ethogram of the C. sumatraensis can be generally used in the study of its behavior. The results could be improved by obtaining images of reproductive behavior, and updating the behavior ethogram and PAE coding system. (4) The behavioral diversity index of C. sumatraensis was not significantly different among the three age groups (F = 0.013, P = 0.987). From cub to adult, the A_variable, A, r of C. sumatraensis increased with age.
Conclusion: Further research on the behavior of C. sumatraensis is needed to provide scientific support for its protection.

Key words: Capricornis sumatraensis, behavior ethogram, PAE coding system

刘怀君, 吕旭, 王晓芳, 寇卫利, 缪国辉, 袁华 (2021) 中华鬣羚行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立. 生物多样性, 29, 1650-1657. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021207.

Huaijun Liu, Xu Lü, Xiaofang Wang, Weili Kou, Guohui Miu, Hua Yuan (2021) Behavioral ethogram and posture-act-environment coding system of Capricornis sumatraensis. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1650-1657. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021207.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021207

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I12/1650

图/表 4

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姿势 Posture	编码 Code
站 Standing	1
跪 Kneeling	2
卧 Sitting	3
躺 Lying	4
行 Walking	5
跑 Running	6
跳 Jumping	7
攀爬 Climbing	8
顶 Butting	9
哺 Nursing	10

姿势 Posture	编码 Code
站 Standing	1
跪 Kneeling	2
卧 Sitting	3
躺 Lying	4
行 Walking	5
跑 Running	6
跳 Jumping	7
攀爬 Climbing	8
顶 Butting	9
哺 Nursing	10

动作 Acts	编码 Code	动作 Acts	编码 Code
头颈部 Head and neck		耳后伏 Ears laid back	41
摇头 Shake	1	鼻翼撑张 Nose-wing open	42
甩头 Toss	2	呼气 Expire	43
抬头 Head up	3	吸气 Inspire	44
回头 Turn back	4	嗅 Sniff	45
低头 Bow head	5	四肢 Limbs
左转 Turn left	6	直立 Stand	46
右转 Turn right	7	踏步 Step	47
后转 Turn back	8	前迈步 Step forward	48
顶 Bunt	9	后迈步 Step back	49
前伸 Extend forward	10	侧迈步 Step diagonal	50
角挠 Scratch with horn	11	跑 Run	51
角撞 Clash horn	12	跳 Jump	52
蹭 Rub	13	爬 Climb	53
擦 Wipe	14	前肢伸直 Foreleg straight	54
嘴部 Mouth		单前肢弯曲 One foreleg bends	55
啃 Gnaw	15	后肢伸直 Hindlegs straight	56
扯 Pull	16	单后肢弯曲 One hindleg bends	57
嚼 Chew	17	单后肢抬起 One hindleg hangs	58
舔 Lick	18	四肢对齐站立 Stand with four legs together	59
咬 Bite	19	前肢开叉站立 Stand with fore legs apart	60
舔嘴唇 Lick lip	20	后肢开叉站立 Stand with hind legs apart	61
张嘴 Open mouth	21	后肢蹲 Hind legs spuat	62
吐舌 Stick out tongue	22	刨 Paw	63
卷唇 Lip curl	23	挠 Scratch	64
流涎 Salivate	24	腰荐腹部 Hindquarter
咂嘴 Lip flipper	25	伸腰 Stretch	65
露齿 Show teeth	26	直腰 Back straight	66
吞咽 Swallow	27	弯腰 Bend	67
磨齿 Crind teeth	28	左转身 Turn left	68
闭嘴 Close mouth	29	右转身 Turn right	69
鸣叫 Bleat	30	转圈 Circle	70
眼鼻耳部 Eye, ear and nose		收腹 Contraction	71
闭眼 Close eyes	31	翘尾 Tail raised	72
眨眼 Nictation	32	卷尾 Tail arched	73
瞠目 Stare	33	扫尾 Tail swapped	74
注视 Watch	34	尾下垂 Tail down	75
观望 Attention	35	蹭 Rub	76
耳前转 Ears turn forward	36	抖动 Shieve	77
耳后转 Ears turn back	37	抽动 Twitch	78
耳侧立 Ears turn to aside	38	排粪 Defecate	79
扇动耳朵 Fan ear	39	排尿 Urinate	80
耳前伏 Ears laid forward	40

动作 Acts	编码 Code	动作 Acts	编码 Code
头颈部 Head and neck		耳后伏 Ears laid back	41
摇头 Shake	1	鼻翼撑张 Nose-wing open	42
甩头 Toss	2	呼气 Expire	43
抬头 Head up	3	吸气 Inspire	44
回头 Turn back	4	嗅 Sniff	45
低头 Bow head	5	四肢 Limbs
左转 Turn left	6	直立 Stand	46
右转 Turn right	7	踏步 Step	47
后转 Turn back	8	前迈步 Step forward	48
顶 Bunt	9	后迈步 Step back	49
前伸 Extend forward	10	侧迈步 Step diagonal	50
角挠 Scratch with horn	11	跑 Run	51
角撞 Clash horn	12	跳 Jump	52
蹭 Rub	13	爬 Climb	53
擦 Wipe	14	前肢伸直 Foreleg straight	54
嘴部 Mouth		单前肢弯曲 One foreleg bends	55
啃 Gnaw	15	后肢伸直 Hindlegs straight	56
扯 Pull	16	单后肢弯曲 One hindleg bends	57
嚼 Chew	17	单后肢抬起 One hindleg hangs	58
舔 Lick	18	四肢对齐站立 Stand with four legs together	59
咬 Bite	19	前肢开叉站立 Stand with fore legs apart	60
舔嘴唇 Lick lip	20	后肢开叉站立 Stand with hind legs apart	61
张嘴 Open mouth	21	后肢蹲 Hind legs spuat	62
吐舌 Stick out tongue	22	刨 Paw	63
卷唇 Lip curl	23	挠 Scratch	64
流涎 Salivate	24	腰荐腹部 Hindquarter
咂嘴 Lip flipper	25	伸腰 Stretch	65
露齿 Show teeth	26	直腰 Back straight	66
吞咽 Swallow	27	弯腰 Bend	67
磨齿 Crind teeth	28	左转身 Turn left	68
闭嘴 Close mouth	29	右转身 Turn right	69
鸣叫 Bleat	30	转圈 Circle	70
眼鼻耳部 Eye, ear and nose		收腹 Contraction	71
闭眼 Close eyes	31	翘尾 Tail raised	72
眨眼 Nictation	32	卷尾 Tail arched	73
瞠目 Stare	33	扫尾 Tail swapped	74
注视 Watch	34	尾下垂 Tail down	75
观望 Attention	35	蹭 Rub	76
耳前转 Ears turn forward	36	抖动 Shieve	77
耳后转 Ears turn back	37	抽动 Twitch	78
耳侧立 Ears turn to aside	38	排粪 Defecate	79
扇动耳朵 Fan ear	39	排尿 Urinate	80
耳前伏 Ears laid forward	40

环境 Environment	非生物环境 Abiotic	生物环境 Biotic	编码 Code	环境 Environment	非生物环境 Abiotic	生物环境 Biotic	编码 Code
乔木 Arbor		+	1	水源 Water	+		6
灌丛 Shrub		+	2	雄性 Male		+	7
石块 Stone	+		3	雌性 Female		+	8
山脊 Ridge	+		4	母幼 Mother and cub		+	9
山坡 Hillside	+		5

中华鬣羚行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立

Behavioral ethogram and posture-act-environment coding system of Capricornis sumatraensis

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行为多样性指数 Behavioral diversity index	成体 Adult	亚成体 Subadult	幼体 Cub	平均 Average	年龄组与指数的相关性 Correlation between age group and index
行为多样性指数 Behavioral diversity index	成体 Adult	亚成体 Subadult	幼体 Cub	平均 Average	R	P
最大行为指数 Maximum diversity index (A_max)	6.29	6.29	6.29	6.29	-	-
特定行为类型的行为多样性指数 Specific types of behavior diversity index (A_variable)	6.17	5.75	5.29	5.74	1	0.017
绝对行为多样性指数 Absolute diversity index (A)	2.97	2.63	2.51	2.70	0.964	0.172
相对行为多样性指数 Relative diversity index (r)	0.47	0.42	0.40	0.43	0.971	0.154
校正行为多样性指数 Regulate diversity index (r-variable)	0.48	0.46	0.47	0.47	0.500	0.667

[1]	宋芬, 周芸芸, 黄太福, 杨存存, 于桂清, 田书荣, 向左甫. 基于红外相机技术的林麝行为PAE编码与多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(6): 24042-.
[2]	宁致远, 董贵信, 唐虹, 蓝道英, 胡慧建. 基于PAE编码系统的半放养阿拉伯狒狒的行为多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2017, 25(9): 1008-1018.