古尔班通古特沙漠生物土壤结皮对氨氧化微生物生态位的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2019415

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 43-52. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019415

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

• 研究报告: 微生物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

古尔班通古特沙漠生物土壤结皮对氨氧化微生物生态位的影响

刘鑫¹^,², 荣晓莹¹, 张元明¹^,^*()

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-12-31 接受日期:2020-03-20 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2020-06-12
通讯作者: 张元明
作者简介:*E-mail: zhangym@ms.xjb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31670007);自治区高层次人才天池百人计划和中国科学院“西部青年学者”项目(2019-XBQNXZ-B-007)

Biocrusts impact niche separation of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in the Gurbantunggut Desert, northwestern China

Xin Liu¹^,², Xiaoying Rong¹, Yuanming Zhang¹^,^*()

1 State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Urumqi 830011
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2019-12-31 Accepted:2020-03-20 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2020-06-12
Contact: Yuanming Zhang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物结皮作为荒漠地表的重要覆被类型, 在荒漠生态系统的氮素循环中扮演重要角色。融雪期为古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的复苏和生长提供了充足的水分, 也成为该沙漠氮素固定和转化的重要时期, 但该时期生物结皮如何影响驱动氨氧化转化的微生物群落动态尚未明确。因此, 我们利用荧光定量PCR (fluorescent quantitative PCR, qPCR)方法分析融雪期生物结皮与去除结皮不同土层(0-2, 2-5, 5-10和10-20 cm)氨氧化菌群丰度特征, 结合潜在硝化速率和土壤理化参数, 探究融雪期生物结皮对荒漠土壤氮素转化作用。结果表明: 氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea, AOA)是古尔班通古特沙漠土壤优势氨氧化菌, 生物结皮对0-2 cm层土壤中AOA、氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AOB) amoA基因丰度具有显著抑制作用(P < 0.01), 对10-20 cm层土壤中AOA amoA基因丰度具有显著促进作用(P < 0.01)。冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)表明, AOA、AOB amoA基因丰度主要受土壤含水量和铵态氮含量的影响, 占总条件效应的54.90%。氨氧化速率分析发现, 去除生物结皮显著降低古尔班通古特沙漠土壤硝化作用潜力(P < 0.001), 证实生物结皮对荒漠土壤氮素转化具有重要的调控作用。综上所述, 古尔班通古特沙漠氨氧化微生物的分布规律受环境因子调控, 特别是生物结皮可以通过调节土壤含水量和铵态氮含量影响AOA和AOB的空间生态位分化, 促进沙漠土壤的硝化作用。

关键词: 生物结皮, 融雪期, 氨氧化菌, 荒漠土壤, 氮素转化

Abstract

Aims: Biological soil crusts (Biocrusts) are complex assemblages of lichens, bryophytes, cyanobacteria, fungi, and heterotrophic microbial organisms in the top few centimetres of desert soils. Biocrusts perform important ecological roles in the nitrogen cycle of desert ecosystems. In desert ecosystems, water sources are vital, and the seasonal melting snow in early spring resurrects biocrusts in the Gurbantunggut desert and begins nitrogen fixation. However, little is known about how biocrusts impact nitrifier distributions across the landscape, specifically ammonia oxidation archaea (AOA) and ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB).
Methods: We used fluorescent quantative PCR (qPCR) methods to characterize AOA and AOB amoA gene abundances at different soil depths (0-2, 2-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm) in biocrust and biocrust-removal soils. Desert nitrification potential and soil physicochemical parameters were researched to understand biocrust impacts on the desert soil nitrogen cycle.
Results: The AOA amoA gene abundance was remarkably larger than that of AOB across all soil samples. ANOVA results showed that biocrusts significantly affected AOA and AOB amoA gene abundance (P < 0.01) while PNR results indicated that biocrust removal significantly reduced soil nitrification potential (P < 0.001), which confirmed that biocrusts play an important role in regulating nitrogen transformation in the Gurbantunggut desert. A redundancy analysis confirmed that soil moisture and NH₄ ⁺-N were the key environmental factors affecting niche separation of AOA and AOB in desert soil.
Conclusion: Biocrusts coupled with oil moisture and NH₄⁺-N affected differential distribution of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in the temperate desert in the early spring.

Key words: biological soil crsut, snowmelt period, ammonia-oxidizing microbes, desert soil, nitrogen transformation

刘鑫, 荣晓莹, 张元明 (2021) 古尔班通古特沙漠生物土壤结皮对氨氧化微生物生态位的影响. 生物多样性, 29, 43-52. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019415.

Xin Liu, Xiaoying Rong, Yuanming Zhang (2021) Biocrusts impact niche separation of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in the Gurbantunggut Desert, northwestern China. Biodiversity Science, 29, 43-52. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019415.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019415

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I1/43

图/表 6

表1 土壤理化性质

Table 1 Soil physical and chemical properties

	温度 Temperature (℃)	含水量 Soil moisture (%)	pH	电导率 Conductivity (μs/cm)	全碳 Total Carbon (mg/g)	全氮 Total Nitrogen (mg/g)
结皮覆盖 Biocrusts
0-2 cm	0.5 ± 0.0 A**	10.63 ± 0.45 A	8.25 ± 0.05 C	4.55 ± 0.26 A	6.72 ± 0.12 A*	0.38 ± 0.02 A**
2-5 cm	0.2 ± 0.0 B*	6.17 ± 0.23 B**	8.37 ± 0.03 B	3.38 ± 0.17 B	5.76 ± 0.17 A	0.23 ± 0.02 B
5-10 cm	0.2 ± 0.0^a B**	3.90 ± 0.12 C	8.55 ± 0.02 A	2.92 ± 0.04 B**	6.74 ± 0.29 A	0.25 ± 0.01 B
10-20 cm	0.1 ± 0.0 B**	2.00 ± 0.21 D	8.57 ± 0.01 A	3.33 ± 0.16 B**	6.47 ± 0.33 A	0.23 ± 0.02 B
去除结皮 Biocrusts-removal
0-2 cm	0.1 ± 0.0 A	10.75 ± 1.54 A	8.43 ± 0.06 A*	3.96 ± 0.53 A	5.86 ± 0.21 A	0.23 ± 0.01 AB
2-5 cm	0.1 ± 0.0 A	4.90 ± 0.21 B	8.44 ± 0.02 A	3.65 ± 0.24 A	5.83 ± 0.39 A	0.27 ± 0.00 A*
5-10 cm	-0.1 ± 0.0^aB	3.65 ± 0.22 B	8.60 ± 0.05 A	2.37 ± 0.13 B	5.82 ± 0.44 A	0.27 ± 0.02 AB
10-20 cm	-0.2 ± 0.0 C	2.48 ± 0.10 B	8.61 ± 0.07 A	2.65 ± 0.06 B	6.04 ± 0.23 A	0.22 ± 0.01 B

图1 古尔班通古特沙漠土壤有效态氮含量与氨氧化菌群丰度。ND表示amoA基因丰度低于检测标准。大写字母表示相同结皮处理不同土层显著差异性,α = 0.05。*为相同土层不同结皮处理之间差异性; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 1 Available nitrogen content and amoA gene abundance in the Gurbantunggut Desert during snow melt period. (A): NH4+-N (μg/g); (B): NO3--N (μg/g); (C): AOA amoA gene abundance (copies/g) and (D): AOB amoA gene abundance (copies/g). ND indicates that amoA gene abundance is lower than the detection empirical value. Capital letters indicate significant differences among soil depth in biocrusts or biocrusts-removal treatments, α = 0.05. * indicates the difference between biocrusts and biocrusts-removal treatments for the same soil depth; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

图2 AOA和AOB amoA基因丰度与环境参数的冗余分析。Tem表示土壤温度,SM代表土壤含水量,Cond代表土壤电导率,NH4+-N代表土壤铵态氮含量。

Fig. 2 Redundancy analysis (RDA) analysis on AOA/AOB amoA gene abundance and selected environmental factors. Tem represents soil temperature, SM represents soil moisture, Cond represents soil conductivity, and NH4+-N represents soil ammonium nitrogen content.

表2 AOA和AOB amoA基因丰度和土壤潜在硝化速率的方差分析

Table 2 Variance analyses of AOA/AOB amoA gene abundance and potential nitrification rate (PNR)

	差异来源 Source	自由度 df	f值 f	Pr > F
氨氧化古菌 AOA amoA	处理 Treatment	1	0.13	0.725
	土层 Layer	3	64.00	< 0.001
	处理 × 土层 Treatment × layer	3	9.45	< 0.001
氨氧化细菌 AOB amoA	处理 Treatment	1	118.85	< 0.001
	土层 Layer	3	128.34	< 0.001
	处理 × 土层 Treatment × layer	3	103.57	< 0.001
潜在硝化速率 PNR	处理 Treatment	1	24.03	< 0.001
	土层 Layer	3	50.81	< 0.001
	处理 × 土层 Treatment × layer	3	8.69	< 0.001

图3 结皮覆盖与去除结皮不同荒漠土层潜在硝化速率。大写字母表示相同结皮处理不同土层显著差异性,α = 0.05; *表示相同土层不同结皮处理之间差异性; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01。

Fig. 3 Potential nitrification rate (PNR) of different soil depths in biocrusts and biocrusts-removal soil. Capital letters indicate significant differences among soil depth in biocrusts or biocrusts-removal treatments, α = 0.05; * indicates the difference between biocrusts and biocrusts-removal treatments for the same soil depth; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.

表3 结皮覆盖土壤和去除结皮土壤的潜在硝化速率与AOA/AOB amoA基因丰度及环境参数相关性分析

Table 3 Pearson correlation analyses of potential nitrification rate (PNR) and AOA/AOB amoA gene abundance and environmental factors in Biocrusts and Biocrusts-removal soil

	潜在硝化速率 Potential nitrification rate
	结皮覆盖土壤 Biocrusts soil	去除结皮土壤 Biocrusts-removal soil
氨氧化古菌 AOA	?0.73**	?0.06
氨氧化细菌 AOB	0.88**	0.76**
温度 Tem	0.90**	0.66*
含水量 SM	0.91**	0.87**
pH	?0.79**	?0.44
电导率 Cond	0.75**	0.48
全碳 TC	0.05	0.09
全氮 TN	0.80**	?0.26
铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	0.93**	0.36
硝态氮 NO₃^--N	?0.60*	?0.08

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古尔班通古特沙漠生物土壤结皮对氨氧化微生物生态位的影响

Biocrusts impact niche separation of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in the Gurbantunggut Desert, northwestern China

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