水杉原生种群核心种质资源的繁殖特性

doi:10.17520/biods.2019194

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)原生种群天然更新困难, 为探究其原因是否与繁殖特性有关, 本文以其核心种质资源(40株个体)为对象, 通过对生境、母树个体和种子性状的调查, 并结合田间播种试验, 分析其繁殖特性。以方差分析检测不同母树个体间种子性状、发芽率和幼苗生长特征的差异; 采用相关性分析和多元线性回归模型分析个体性状对其种子、发芽率及幼苗生长的影响; 通过Logistic模型拟合, 分析幼苗生长的节律参数。结果显示: (1) 40株母树个体仅有7株产种, 产种率仅为17.50%, 且不同母树个体间产种量差异显著(P < 0.05)。(2)不同母树个体间的种子千粒重、种子发芽率、幼苗存活率和基径生长量均存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。(3) 7株母树个体种子的平均发芽率为19.73%, 幼苗平均存活率为73.42%, 不同母树之间差异显著(P < 0.05)。(4)母树个体的胸径与种子千粒重、种子发芽率呈显著负相关(P < 0.05), 种子发芽率与幼苗存活率呈极显著正相关(P < 0.001), 树高与幼苗存活率呈显著正相关(P < 0.05)、与幼苗基径呈极显著正相关(P < 0.001)。(5)母树树高对幼苗存活率有显著正效应(P < 0.05), 胸径对种子发芽率有显著负效应(P < 0.05)。(6)苗高、基径的生长符合“S”型生长曲线(R ² ≥ 0.928)。水杉原生种群产种量低, 种子发芽率低、幼苗存活率较低, 且不同母树之间差异显著可能是造成其天然更新困难的原因。

关键词: 水杉, 原生种群, 核心种质资源, Logistic模型

Abstract

In order to explore the reproductive characteristics of Metasequoia glyptostroboides, we explored a native population of original Metasequoia glyptostroboides. We investigated the core germplasm of 40 individuals of native Metasequoia glyptostroboides and collected data on habitats, parent trees and seed traits. We used field experiment to analyze reproductive characteristics. We detected differences in seed traits, germination rate and seedling growth characteristics among different parent trees using ANOVA. The effects of individual traits on seeds, germination rate and seedling growth were analyzed with correlation and linear regression models. The results showed that: (1) There were only 7 strains from 40 mother trees, the seed yield rate was 17.50%, and the difference in seed yield of 7 original mother trees was significant (P < 0.05). (2) There were significant differences in seed weight (1,000 grain), seed germination rate, seedling survival rate and base diameter growth among individuals of different parent trees (P < 0.05). (3) The average germination rate of seeds from seven mother trees was 19.73%, and the average survival rate of seedlings was 73.42% (inter-individual rates were also significantly different (P < 0.05). (4) Diameter at breast height (DBH) was negatively correlated with seed weight and germination rate (P < 0.05), while seed germination and seed weight (P < 0.05), seed germination and seedling survival (P < 0.001), and tree height and seedling survival (P < 0.05) were positively correlated. (5) The height of mother tree was positively correlated to seedling survival rate (P < 0.05), and DBH was negatively correlated to seed germination rate (P < 0.05); and (6) Seedling growth (height and base diameter) conforms with logistic growth (R ² ≥ 0.928).

Key words: Metasequoia glyptostroboides, original population, core germplasm, Logistic growth

吴漫玲, 姚兰, 艾训儒, 朱江, 朱强, 王进, 黄小, 洪建峰 (2020) 水杉原生种群核心种质资源的繁殖特性. 生物多样性, 28, 303-313. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019194.

Manling Wu, Lan Yao, Xunru Ai, Jiang Zhu, Qiang Zhu, Jin Wang, Xiao Huang, Jianfeng Hong (2020) The reproductive characteristics of core germplasm in a native Metasequoia glyptostroboides population. Biodiversity Science, 28, 303-313. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019194.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019194

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I3/303

图/表 10

参考文献 22

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原始编号 Mother tree no.	包含等位基因个数 Number of alleles*	分布特点 Distribution characteristics	树高 Tree height (m)	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	冠幅 Crown diameter (m²)	海拔 Altitude (m)	30 m范围内环境因素 Environmental factors within 30 m	2017年产种量 Yield in 2017	备注 Remarks
0628	11	集群 Cluster	26	85.67	56.72	1,110	道路、水沟 Road and ditch	未产种 No
0691	12	散生 Scattered	31	59.55	56.72	1,160	荒土 Wasteland	未产种 No	断梢 Shoot break
0713	9	散生 Scattered	25	54.14	19.63	1,100	道路、河沟 Road and river ditch	未产种 No
0723	12	散生 Scattered	37	78.03	63.59	1,120	黄连 Coptis chinensis	15.21 g
0732	11	散生 Scattered	20	31.53	12.56	1,120	道路、河沟 Road and river ditch	未产种 No
0735	10	散生 Scattered	19	27.07	9.62	1,120	道路、河沟 Road and river ditch	未产种 No
0744	14	集群 Cluster	39	45.86	78.50	1,170	黄连 Coptis chinensis	未产种 No
0745	11	集群 Cluster	32	55.10	94.99	1,160	山坡、河沟 Hillside and river ditch	未产种 No
0791	10	散生 Scattered	24	63.69	113.04	1,190	水沟、油竹林 Ditch and Bambusa surrecta forest	未产种 No
0815	10	集群 Cluster	43	92.36	63.59	1,100	道路 Road	未产种 No
0859	13	散生 Scattered	28	61.78	28.26	1,140	苗圃地、房屋 Nursery and house	未产种 No
0861	12	散生 Scattered	26	46.50	23.75	1,140	竹林 Bamboo forest	未产种 No
0950	13	集群 Cluster	38	78.03	44.16	1,170	山林路边、荒地 Mountain roadside and wasteland	未产种 No
0956	10	散生 Scattered	32	54.14	38.47	1,190	水沟 Ditch	未产种 No
0975	10	散生 Scattered	24	64.01	33.17	1,140	苗圃地 Nursery	未产种 No	断梢 Shoot break
0981	15	集群 Cluster	37	81.85	56.72	1,130	黄连、水沟 Coptis chinensis and ditch	未产种 No
0996	11	散生 Scattered	37	69.11	50.24	1,140	水沟 Ditch	未产种 No	断梢 Shoot break
1005	13	散生 Scattered	30	62.74	38.47	1,130	金银花、土坎 Lonicera japonica and ridge	未产种 No
1009	11	散生 Scattered	-	-	-	-	-	-	已死亡 Dead
1011	10	散生 Scattered	39	76.11	56.72	1,170	水沟、道路 Ditch and road	0.36 g
2415	10	散生 Scattered	42	78.66	113.04	1,090	房屋、竹林 House and bamboo forest	未产种 No
2416	12	散生 Scattered	33	78.34	63.59	1,090	道路、牛圈 Road and bought	未产种 No
2421	12	散生 Scattered	29	84.39	188.60	1,120	道路、柳杉 Road and Cryptomeria fortunei	未产种 No
4534	8	集群 Cluster	30	76.43	44.16	1,103		307.45 g
4541	12	集群 Cluster	30	105.73	50.24	1,153		221.12 g
4546	13	散生 Scattered	30	123.25	153.86	1,036	道路、河流、农田、蚁害 Road, river, farmland and ant harm	未产种 No	10 m处分岔为两株, 根部外露 Two branches at 10 m, with exposed roots
4562	14	集群 Cluster	31	74.84	38.47	1,363	河流 River	未产种 No
4566	14	集群 Cluster	32	71.97	30.66	1,323	河流 River	未产种 No
5235	14	集群 Cluster	32	56.37	33.17	998	水沟 Ditch	未产种 No
5581	12	集群 Cluster	31	35.67	33.17	1,018	水沟、农田 Ditch and farmland	未产种 No
5590	13	集群 Cluster	32	62.10	56.72	1,006	房屋、道路、农田 House, road, farmland	未产种 No
5614	15	集群 Cluster	30	41.72	23.75	1,039		未产种 No
5618	16	集群 Cluster	33	48.41	33.17	1,040		未产种 No
5637	13	集群 Cluster	31	87.90	50.24	1,019	房屋、道路、农田、蚁害 House, road, farmland and ant harm	未产种 No
5641	14	集群 Cluster	27	57.32	44.16	1,067	水沟 Ditch	未产种 No
5685	14	集群 Cluster	36	78.66	113.04	1,073	河流 River	440.40 g
5702	14	集群 Cluster	31	52.87	23.75	1,040	道路、河流、农田 Road, river and farmland	未产种 No
5705	13	集群 Cluster	29	42.04	15.90	1,043	道路、河流、农田 Road, river and farmland	728.64 g
5716	12	集群 Cluster	29	49.04	19.63	1,061	水沟 Ditch	未产种 No
5741	15	集群 Cluster	32	72.61	50.24	1,213	河流 River	1,213.28 g

原始编号 Mother tree no.	包含等位基因个数 Number of alleles*	分布特点 Distribution characteristics	树高 Tree height (m)	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	冠幅 Crown diameter (m²)	海拔 Altitude (m)	30 m范围内环境因素 Environmental factors within 30 m	2017年产种量 Yield in 2017	备注 Remarks
0628	11	集群 Cluster	26	85.67	56.72	1,110	道路、水沟 Road and ditch	未产种 No
0691	12	散生 Scattered	31	59.55	56.72	1,160	荒土 Wasteland	未产种 No	断梢 Shoot break
0713	9	散生 Scattered	25	54.14	19.63	1,100	道路、河沟 Road and river ditch	未产种 No
0723	12	散生 Scattered	37	78.03	63.59	1,120	黄连 Coptis chinensis	15.21 g
0732	11	散生 Scattered	20	31.53	12.56	1,120	道路、河沟 Road and river ditch	未产种 No
0735	10	散生 Scattered	19	27.07	9.62	1,120	道路、河沟 Road and river ditch	未产种 No
0744	14	集群 Cluster	39	45.86	78.50	1,170	黄连 Coptis chinensis	未产种 No
0745	11	集群 Cluster	32	55.10	94.99	1,160	山坡、河沟 Hillside and river ditch	未产种 No
0791	10	散生 Scattered	24	63.69	113.04	1,190	水沟、油竹林 Ditch and Bambusa surrecta forest	未产种 No
0815	10	集群 Cluster	43	92.36	63.59	1,100	道路 Road	未产种 No
0859	13	散生 Scattered	28	61.78	28.26	1,140	苗圃地、房屋 Nursery and house	未产种 No
0861	12	散生 Scattered	26	46.50	23.75	1,140	竹林 Bamboo forest	未产种 No
0950	13	集群 Cluster	38	78.03	44.16	1,170	山林路边、荒地 Mountain roadside and wasteland	未产种 No
0956	10	散生 Scattered	32	54.14	38.47	1,190	水沟 Ditch	未产种 No
0975	10	散生 Scattered	24	64.01	33.17	1,140	苗圃地 Nursery	未产种 No	断梢 Shoot break
0981	15	集群 Cluster	37	81.85	56.72	1,130	黄连、水沟 Coptis chinensis and ditch	未产种 No
0996	11	散生 Scattered	37	69.11	50.24	1,140	水沟 Ditch	未产种 No	断梢 Shoot break
1005	13	散生 Scattered	30	62.74	38.47	1,130	金银花、土坎 Lonicera japonica and ridge	未产种 No
1009	11	散生 Scattered	-	-	-	-	-	-	已死亡 Dead
1011	10	散生 Scattered	39	76.11	56.72	1,170	水沟、道路 Ditch and road	0.36 g
2415	10	散生 Scattered	42	78.66	113.04	1,090	房屋、竹林 House and bamboo forest	未产种 No
2416	12	散生 Scattered	33	78.34	63.59	1,090	道路、牛圈 Road and bought	未产种 No
2421	12	散生 Scattered	29	84.39	188.60	1,120	道路、柳杉 Road and Cryptomeria fortunei	未产种 No
4534	8	集群 Cluster	30	76.43	44.16	1,103		307.45 g
4541	12	集群 Cluster	30	105.73	50.24	1,153		221.12 g
4546	13	散生 Scattered	30	123.25	153.86	1,036	道路、河流、农田、蚁害 Road, river, farmland and ant harm	未产种 No	10 m处分岔为两株, 根部外露 Two branches at 10 m, with exposed roots
4562	14	集群 Cluster	31	74.84	38.47	1,363	河流 River	未产种 No
4566	14	集群 Cluster	32	71.97	30.66	1,323	河流 River	未产种 No
5235	14	集群 Cluster	32	56.37	33.17	998	水沟 Ditch	未产种 No
5581	12	集群 Cluster	31	35.67	33.17	1,018	水沟、农田 Ditch and farmland	未产种 No
5590	13	集群 Cluster	32	62.10	56.72	1,006	房屋、道路、农田 House, road, farmland	未产种 No
5614	15	集群 Cluster	30	41.72	23.75	1,039		未产种 No
5618	16	集群 Cluster	33	48.41	33.17	1,040		未产种 No
5637	13	集群 Cluster	31	87.90	50.24	1,019	房屋、道路、农田、蚁害 House, road, farmland and ant harm	未产种 No
5641	14	集群 Cluster	27	57.32	44.16	1,067	水沟 Ditch	未产种 No
5685	14	集群 Cluster	36	78.66	113.04	1,073	河流 River	440.40 g
5702	14	集群 Cluster	31	52.87	23.75	1,040	道路、河流、农田 Road, river and farmland	未产种 No
5705	13	集群 Cluster	29	42.04	15.90	1,043	道路、河流、农田 Road, river and farmland	728.64 g
5716	12	集群 Cluster	29	49.04	19.63	1,061	水沟 Ditch	未产种 No
5741	15	集群 Cluster	32	72.61	50.24	1,213	河流 River	1,213.28 g

性状 Traits	均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD	最大值 Max.	最小值 Min.	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (CV, %)	F
年龄 Age (yr)	107.14 ± 35.57	160.00	75.00	33.19	-
树高 Tree height (m)	33.29 ± 3.99	39.00	29.00	11.99	-
胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	63.30 ± 19.97	123.25	27.07	29.96	-
冠幅 Crown diameter (m²)	52.60 ± 39.18	188.60	9.62	69.38	-
鲜果千粒重 Cone thousand-grain weight (g)	2,592.58 ± 617.62	3,798.85	1,957.90	23.82	-
种子千粒重 Seed thousand-grain weight (g)	2.01 ± 0.41	2.56	1.47	20.40	22.402^***
发芽率 Sprouting percentage (%)	19.73 ± 5.12	26.67	10.56	25.95	19.144^***
存活率 Survival rate (%)	73.42 ± 19.30	100.00	44.11	26.29	4.539^*
基径 Base diameter (mm)	1.51 ± 0.27	1.88	1.16	17.88	10.333^***
苗高 Seedling height (mm)	130.27 ± 18.80	168.60	112.43	14.13	2.645

性状 Traits	均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD	最大值 Max.	最小值 Min.	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (CV, %)	F
年龄 Age (yr)	107.14 ± 35.57	160.00	75.00	33.19	-
树高 Tree height (m)	33.29 ± 3.99	39.00	29.00	11.99	-
胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	63.30 ± 19.97	123.25	27.07	29.96	-
冠幅 Crown diameter (m²)	52.60 ± 39.18	188.60	9.62	69.38	-
鲜果千粒重 Cone thousand-grain weight (g)	2,592.58 ± 617.62	3,798.85	1,957.90	23.82	-
种子千粒重 Seed thousand-grain weight (g)	2.01 ± 0.41	2.56	1.47	20.40	22.402^***
发芽率 Sprouting percentage (%)	19.73 ± 5.12	26.67	10.56	25.95	19.144^***
存活率 Survival rate (%)	73.42 ± 19.30	100.00	44.11	26.29	4.539^*
基径 Base diameter (mm)	1.51 ± 0.27	1.88	1.16	17.88	10.333^***
苗高 Seedling height (mm)	130.27 ± 18.80	168.60	112.43	14.13	2.645

	年龄 Age	树高 Tree height	胸径 Diameter at breast height	冠幅 Crown diameter	鲜果千粒重 Cone thousand- grain weight	种子千粒重 Seed thousand- grain weight	发芽率 Sprouting percentage	存活率 Survival rate	基径 Base diameter	苗高 Seedling height
年龄 Age	1
树高 Tree height	0.494	1
胸径 Diameter at breast height	0.047	0.149	1
冠幅 Crown diameter	0.120	0.643	0.534	1
鲜果千粒重 Cone thousand-grain weight	-0.245	0.150	-0.221	0.543	1
种子千粒重 Seed thousand-grain weight	-0.159	0.225	-0.732	0.001	0.677	1
发芽率 Sprouting percentage	-0.468	-0.533	-0.843^*	-0.607	0.305	0.659	1
存活率 Survival rate	0.403	0.852^*	0.541	0.588	-0.213	-0.230	-0.786^*	1
基径 Base diameter	0.449	0.878^**	0.146	0.308	-0.186	0.148	-0.459	0.866^*	1
苗高 Seedling height	0.236	0.718	0.012	0.232	0.041	0.396	-0.238	0.562	0.818^*	1