利用决策树方法建立转基因植物环境生物安全评价诊断平台

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.215

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

转基因技术及其产品是解决世界粮食问题的重要途径之一, 但是包括食品和环境安全在内的转基因生物安全评价是转基因技术及其产品商品化应用的前提和保证。现有的人为生物安全评价方法存在着一定的不足, 难以应对数量日益增加和内容日趋复杂的转基因产品的安全评价需求, 因此找寻一种客观和高效的评价方法势在必行。决策树(decision tree)方法是现今广泛使用的数据挖掘和分析的决策方法之一, 通过将需要解答问题的层层分解并分别解决, 最终得到理想的决策结果, 在处理复杂问题方面具有独特的优势。本文旨在通过介绍决策树的概念、特性、种类及其构建方法, 探索将决策树方法应用于建立转基因植物环境生物安全评价诊断平台的可行性, 并分析构建的诊断平台在高效、准确和客观地进行转基因植物环境生物安全评价, 以及对新一代转基因产品环境安全性的预测和普及环境安全知识等方面的优势, 为进一步推动转基因技术的发展和转基因产品的安全利用奠定基础。

关键词: 决策, 转基因植物, 风险评价, 生态风险, 人机对话

Abstract

Transgenic biotechnology and its products provide important solutions for the great challenge of global food security. Biosafety assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) including their food and environmental safety is a prerequisite for the commercialization and safe application of transgenic biotechnology products. However, existing methodologies cannot meet the urgent requirements for rapid biosafety assessment of the increasing number of new and sophisticated GMOs. Therefore, a new, more efficient and objective biosafety assessment methodology is needed. The decision tree, a widely used methodology for data mining and analysis, has a particular function in solving complicated problems. This article introduces the concepts, characteristics, and categorization of a decision tree, as well as methods for decision tree construction. Our objective is to explore the potential of establishing a diagnostic platform for biosafety assessment of GMOs in an efficient and accurate way. This biosafety assessment platform should also be useful for predicting the safety of the new generation of GMOs, and for educating the public on environmental biosafety, thereby providing a solid base for further development of transgenic technology and safe application of transgenic products.

Key words: decision making, transgenic crop, risk assessment, ecological risk, human-computer dialogue

王磊, 杨超, 卢宝荣 (2010) 利用决策树方法建立转基因植物环境生物安全评价诊断平台. 生物多样性, 18, 215-226. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.215.

Lei Wang, Chao Yang, Bao-Rong Lu (2010) Establishing diagnostic platform for environmental biosafety assessment of genetically modified plants based on the decision-tree method. Biodiversity Science, 18, 215-226. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.215.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.215

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I3/215

图/表 4

图1 转基因植物目标基因向野生近缘物种逃逸及其风险的决策树示意。初始节点和内部节点代表了野生近缘种、异交率和目标基因特性等分类属性, 以椭圆表示; 分支代表了野生近缘种存在与否等分类策略, 以箭头和其上对应的分类策略选项表示; 终节点代表了分类结果即等级, 以三角表示。整棵决策树的高度为3, 其余各节点的高度对应右侧的标示。Y：有; N：无; A: 有利; Nu: 中性; D: 不利。

Fig. 1 A sketch map of decision tree assessing the risk of target gene escaping from transgenic crops to wild relatives. Root and internal nodes represent classification attributes such as wild relatives, outcrossing rate and trait of target gene, denoted by ellipse. Edges represent classification strategies such as the existence of wild relatives, denoted by arrows and the classification strategy options above. Terminal nodes represent classes namely classification results, denoted by triangle. The height of the entire decision tree is three, and the indication of the height for all nodes is provided at the right of the figure. Y, Present; N, Absent; A, Benefit; Nu, Neutral; D, Disbenefit.

图2 转基因植物目标基因向野生近缘物种逃逸风险的决策树示意2。虽然与图1由同一训练集构建, 但这棵决策树中三个分类属性的位置发生了变化, 使得其与图1决策树的结构与复杂程度完全不同。

Fig. 2 Another sketch map of decision tree assessing the risk of target gene escaping from transgenic crops to its wild relatives. Compared with , three classification attributes in this decision tree have different locations. Thus although established by the same training set, decision trees in and have distinct frameworks and complexity.

表1 构建评价转基因栽培稻(Oryza sativa)、大豆(Glycine max)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)的目标基因向野生近缘种（普通野生稻、一年生野生大豆、节节麦）逃逸环境风险的决策树的训练集示例

Table 1 An example of training set used for establishing a decision tree to assess environmental risks caused by transgene flow from genetically modified rice (Oryza sativa), soybean (Glycine max), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) to their wild relatives (O. rufipogon, G. soja,Aegilops tauschii)

转基因受体作物 Transgene recipient crop	释放环境(省份) Environment (province)	目标基因 Target gene	野生近缘种* Wild relatives*	野生种异交率 Outcrossing rate of wild relatives	转基因特性 Transgene characteristics	风险等级 Rank of risk
栽培稻 Rice	广西 Guangxi	cry1Ab	Y	<10%	A	IV
栽培稻 Rice	广西 Guangxi	psy	Y	<10%	Nu	I
栽培稻 Rice	广西 Guangxi	dam	Y	<10%	D	IV
栽培稻 Rice	山西 Shanxi	cry1Ab	N	<10%	A	I
栽培稻 Rice	山西 Shanxi	psy	N	<10%	Nu	I
栽培稻 Rice	山西 Shanxi	dam	N	<10%	D	I
大豆 Soybean	吉林 Jilin	cp4 epsps	Y	<2%	A	III
大豆 Soybean	吉林 Jilin	fad2	Y	<2%	Nu	I
大豆 Soybean	吉林 Jilin	barnase	Y	<2%	D	II
大豆 Soybean	青海 Qinghai	cp4 epsps	N	<2%	A	I
大豆 Soybean	青海 Qinghai	fad2	N	<2%	Nu	I
大豆 Soybean	青海 Qinghai	barnase	N	<2%	D	I
小麦 Wheat	新疆 Xinjiang	als	Y	<1%	A	II
小麦 Wheat	新疆 Xinjiang	bla	Y	<1%	Nu	I
小麦 Wheat	新疆 Xinjiang	TA29-barnase	Y	<1%	D	II
小麦 Wheat	辽宁 Liaoning	als	N	<1%	A	I
小麦 Wheat	辽宁 Liaoning	bla	N	<1%	Nu	I
小麦 Wheat	辽宁 Liaoning	TA29-barnase	N	<1%	D	I

图3 转基因植物目标基因逃逸到野生近缘种风险评价决策树的构建过程示例

Fig. 3 A road map of the establishment of the decision tree assessing the risk of target gene in transgenic crops escaping to wild relatives.

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