地上部植食者褐飞虱对不同水稻品种土壤线虫群落的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09087

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (5): 431-439. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09087 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2009.09087

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康；昆虫多样性与生态功能

• 论文 • 下一篇

地上部植食者褐飞虱对不同水稻品种土壤线虫群落的影响

刘满强¹^,^*(), 黄菁华¹, 陈小云¹, 王峰¹, 葛成², 苏昱¹, 邵波³, 汤英¹, 李辉信¹, 胡锋¹

1 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院土壤生态实验室, 南京 210095
2 南京农业大学植物保护学院, 南京 210095
3 南京农业大学农学院, 南京 210095

收稿日期:2009-04-09 接受日期:2009-06-26 出版日期:2009-09-20 发布日期:2009-09-20
通讯作者: 刘满强
作者简介:*E-mail: liumq@njau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家大学生创新性实验计划(GJ0721)

Aboveground herbivory by the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) affects soil nematode communities under different rice varieties

Manqiang Liu¹^,^*(), Jinghua Huang¹, Xiaoyun Chen¹, Feng Wang¹, Cheng Ge², Yu Su¹, Bo Shao³, Ying Tang¹, Huixin Li¹, Feng Hu¹

1 Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095
2 College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095
3 Agricultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095

Received:2009-04-09 Accepted:2009-06-26 Online:2009-09-20 Published:2009-09-20
Contact: Manqiang Liu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地上和地下部生物群落的交互作用对于调控陆地生态过程具有重要作用。在盆栽条件下利用2×2析因设计研究了褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)取食不同水稻品种后对土壤线虫群落的影响。结果表明, 褐飞虱侵害水稻9 d后, 感虫品种(广四和汕优63)的土壤线虫总数、属数及自生线虫(食细菌线虫、食真菌线虫和捕食性线虫)数量增加, 并且一般达到显著水平(P<0.05); 而上述指标在抗虫品种(汕优559和IR36)土壤中则呈现相反的趋势。植食性线虫数量在强感虫品种广四上显著增加(P<0.05), 而在强抗虫品种IR36上显著减少(P<0.05)。褐飞虱和水稻品种对土壤线虫的生态指数(线虫通道指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、成熟度指数、富集指数和结构指数)没有明显影响, 可能与供试土壤线虫群落组成单一及褐飞虱作用时间较短有关。总之, 褐飞虱强烈影响土壤线虫数量、群落组成和营养结构, 并且作用的方向(促进或抑制)和程度依赖于水稻的品种特性, 揭示出地上部植食者的短期侵害将对稻田土壤生态系统的结构和功能产生深远影响。

关键词: 地上部和地下部, 感虫/抗虫品种, 线虫群落, 营养类群

Abstract

Interactions between aboveground-belowground communities play an important role in regulating terrestrial ecological processes; however, the interactions between rice varieties, herbivory and the soil community are often ignored. A pot experiment with a full 2×2 factorial design was conducted to examine the impacts of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and rice variety (susceptible or resistant) on the soil nematode community. The results showed that, after nine days, aboveground herbivory significantly (P<0.05) increased total abundance, numbers of nematode genera and the number of free-living nematodes (such as bacterivores, fungivores, and predators), under the rice varieties susceptible to the brown planthopper (Guangsi and Shanyou63), whereas an opposite trend was observed under the rice varieties resistant to the brown planthopper (Shanyou559 and IR36). In the presence of planthoppers, herbivorous nematodes significantly increased under the most susceptible rice variety Guangsi but significantly decreased under the most resistant rice variety IR36. Both planthopper and rice variety had negligible influences on ecological indices of the soil nematode community, including nematode channel ratio (NCR), Shannon-Wiener index (H'), maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI) and structure index (SI). This might be due to domination by bacterivores of the soil nematode community and the short length of exposure to aboveground herbivory for our pot experiment (only nine days). In conclusion, the brown planthopper strongly affects the abundance, composition as well as trophic structure of nematode community, but the direction (i.e. stimulation or depression) and magnitude of influences interacts with the rice variety. Our results imply that short-term aboveground herbivory may impose profound impacts on the structure and functions of rice paddy ecosystem.

Key words: aboveground and belowground, herbivore-susceptible/-resistant variety, nematode community, trophic group

刘满强, 黄菁华, 陈小云, 王峰, 葛成, 苏昱, 邵波, 汤英, 李辉信, 胡锋 (2009) 地上部植食者褐飞虱对不同水稻品种土壤线虫群落的影响. 生物多样性, 17, 431-439. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09087.

Manqiang Liu, Jinghua Huang, Xiaoyun Chen, Feng Wang, Cheng Ge, Yu Su, Bo Shao, Ying Tang, Huixin Li, Feng Hu (2009) Aboveground herbivory by the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) affects soil nematode communities under different rice varieties. Biodiversity Science, 17, 431-439. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09087.

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https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I5/431

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参考文献 36

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变量 Variable	褐飞虱 (BP)¹⁾	水稻品种(V)²⁾	交互作用 (BP ×V)
线虫总数 Nematode abundance	14.2^**	6.1^**	40.1^**
线虫属 Nematode genera	2.8^NS	1.9^NS	3.5^*
食细菌线虫数 Bacterivores	8.1^**	4.2^*	28.0^**
食真菌线虫数 Fungivores	2.5^NS	4.1^*	4.6^*
植食性线虫数 Herbivores	1.0^NS	1.9^NS	1.8^NS
捕食性线虫数 Predators	7.6^*	3.0^*	5.1^**
线虫通道指数 NCR Nematode channel ratio	0.5^NS	2.3^NS	1.7^NS
多样性指数 (H') Shannon-Wiener index	1.8^NS	1.4^NS	1.1^NS
成熟度指数 (MI) Maturity index	0.4^NS	0.5^NS	1.3^NS
富集指数 (EI) Enrichment index	1.9^NS	1.8^NS	1.7^NS
结构指数 (SI) Structure index	5.6^*	1.1^NS	2.4^NS

变量 Variable	褐飞虱 (BP)¹⁾	水稻品种(V)²⁾	交互作用 (BP ×V)
线虫总数 Nematode abundance	14.2^**	6.1^**	40.1^**
线虫属 Nematode genera	2.8^NS	1.9^NS	3.5^*
食细菌线虫数 Bacterivores	8.1^**	4.2^*	28.0^**
食真菌线虫数 Fungivores	2.5^NS	4.1^*	4.6^*
植食性线虫数 Herbivores	1.0^NS	1.9^NS	1.8^NS
捕食性线虫数 Predators	7.6^*	3.0^*	5.1^**
线虫通道指数 NCR Nematode channel ratio	0.5^NS	2.3^NS	1.7^NS
多样性指数 (H') Shannon-Wiener index	1.8^NS	1.4^NS	1.1^NS
成熟度指数 (MI) Maturity index	0.4^NS	0.5^NS	1.3^NS
富集指数 (EI) Enrichment index	1.9^NS	1.8^NS	1.7^NS
结构指数 (SI) Structure index	5.6^*	1.1^NS	2.4^NS

类群(属) Taxa (Genus)	缩写Abbr.	c-p	广四 GS4		汕优63 SY63		汕优559 SY559		IR36 IR36
类群(属) Taxa (Genus)	缩写Abbr.	c-p	-BP	+BP	-BP	+BP	-BP	+BP	-BP	+BP
食细菌线虫 Bacterivores
原杆属 Protorhabditis	Pro.	1	371.3	702.4	530.6	860.2	697.5	576.4	631.2	458.8
中杆属 Mesorhabditis	Mes.	1	363.2	549.5	202.0	425.4	262.1	163.3	253.2	297.6
钩唇属 Diploscapter	Dip.	1	105.7	26.4	13.1	95.0	88.7	4.7	63.8	49.0
板唇属 Chiloplacus	Chi.	2	50.3	59.5	104.5	96.1	116.0	88.6	134.1	32.6
头叶属 Cephalobus	Cep.	2	2.1	11.9	6.3	16.1	7.2	4.4	2.3	18.0
真头叶属 Eucephalobus	Euc.	2	0.0	0.0	5.2	0	6.2	2.3	15.1	0
连胃属 Chronogaster	Chr.	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.6	2.1	8.9	0.0	2.7
地单宫属 Geomonhyster	Geo.	2	0.0	0.0	3.1	12.3	3.0	2.2	0.0	0.0
食真菌线虫 Fungivores
滑刃属 Aphelenchoides	Aes.	2	5.8	28.1	6.2	8.0	8.2	4.4	14.3	6.4
真滑刃属 Aphelenchus	Aus.	2	4.3	5.1	0.0	7.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
植食性线虫 Herbivores
盾线属 Scutellonema	Scu.	3	65.0	95.6	99.4	138.0	114.0	134.3	119.6	77.9
野外垫刃属 Aglenchus	Agl.	2	0.0	4.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
丝尾垫刃属 Filenchus	Fil.	2	0.0	10.6	9.6	0.0	3.4	7.5	0.0	0.0
捕食性线虫 Predators
无咽属 Alaimus	Ala.	4	3.7	7.9	2.0	4.6	0.0	5.2	6.2	3.6
克拉克属 Clarkus	Cla.	4	0.0	6.0	1.7	28.9	8.8	0.0	0.0	2.8

类群(属) Taxa (Genus)	缩写Abbr.	c-p	广四 GS4		汕优63 SY63		汕优559 SY559		IR36 IR36
类群(属) Taxa (Genus)	缩写Abbr.	c-p	-BP	+BP	-BP	+BP	-BP	+BP	-BP	+BP
食细菌线虫 Bacterivores
原杆属 Protorhabditis	Pro.	1	371.3	702.4	530.6	860.2	697.5	576.4	631.2	458.8
中杆属 Mesorhabditis	Mes.	1	363.2	549.5	202.0	425.4	262.1	163.3	253.2	297.6
钩唇属 Diploscapter	Dip.	1	105.7	26.4	13.1	95.0	88.7	4.7	63.8	49.0
板唇属 Chiloplacus	Chi.	2	50.3	59.5	104.5	96.1	116.0	88.6	134.1	32.6
头叶属 Cephalobus	Cep.	2	2.1	11.9	6.3	16.1	7.2	4.4	2.3	18.0
真头叶属 Eucephalobus	Euc.	2	0.0	0.0	5.2	0	6.2	2.3	15.1	0
连胃属 Chronogaster	Chr.	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.6	2.1	8.9	0.0	2.7
地单宫属 Geomonhyster	Geo.	2	0.0	0.0	3.1	12.3	3.0	2.2	0.0	0.0
食真菌线虫 Fungivores
滑刃属 Aphelenchoides	Aes.	2	5.8	28.1	6.2	8.0	8.2	4.4	14.3	6.4
真滑刃属 Aphelenchus	Aus.	2	4.3	5.1	0.0	7.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
植食性线虫 Herbivores
盾线属 Scutellonema	Scu.	3	65.0	95.6	99.4	138.0	114.0	134.3	119.6	77.9
野外垫刃属 Aglenchus	Agl.	2	0.0	4.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
丝尾垫刃属 Filenchus	Fil.	2	0.0	10.6	9.6	0.0	3.4	7.5	0.0	0.0
捕食性线虫 Predators
无咽属 Alaimus	Ala.	4	3.7	7.9	2.0	4.6	0.0	5.2	6.2	3.6
克拉克属 Clarkus	Cla.	4	0.0	6.0	1.7	28.9	8.8	0.0	0.0	2.8

生态指数 Ecological indices	广四 GS4		汕优63 SY63		汕优559 SY559		IR36 IR36
生态指数 Ecological indices	-BP	+BP	-BP	+BP	-BP	+BP	-BP	+BP
线虫通道指数 (NCR) Nematode channel ratio	0.989±0.004	0.976±0.008^*	0.993±0.005	0.990±0.008^NS	0.993±0.009	0.994±0.012^NS	0.986±0.014	0.993±0.008^NS
多样性指数 (H') Shannon-Wiener index	1.58±0.004	1.45±0.067^*	1.42±0.078	1.52±0.106^NS	1.43±0.121	1.31±0.270^NS	1.52±0.204	1.39±0.170^NS
成熟度指数 (MI) Maturity index	1.01±0.034	1.02±0.044^NS	1.02±0.048	1.06±0.105^NS	1.04±0.042	0.99±0.068^NS	1.05±0.014	1.00±0.038^NS
富集指数 (EI) Enrichment index	98.14±0.75	97.98±0.73^NS	95.94±0. 57	97.38±1.58^NS	96.69±0.48	96.00±3.36^NS	95.57±1.72	98.04±1.31^*
结构指数 (SI) Structure index	20.20±23.56	28.43±20.03^NS	8.97±10.67	47.76±11.63^*	16.37±26.18	10.37±12.92^NS	13.33±9.67	30.19±21.61^*

地上部植食者褐飞虱对不同水稻品种土壤线虫群落的影响

Aboveground herbivory by the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) affects soil nematode communities under different rice varieties

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