生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (5): 431-439. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09087
所属专题: 土壤生物与土壤健康; 昆虫多样性与生态功能
• 论文 • 下一篇
刘满强1,*(), 黄菁华1, 陈小云1, 王峰1, 葛成2, 苏昱1, 邵波3, 汤英1, 李辉信1, 胡锋1
收稿日期:
2009-04-09
接受日期:
2009-06-26
出版日期:
2009-09-20
发布日期:
2009-09-20
通讯作者:
刘满强
作者简介:
*E-mail: liumq@njau.edu.cn基金资助:
Manqiang Liu1,*(), Jinghua Huang1, Xiaoyun Chen1, Feng Wang1, Cheng Ge2, Yu Su1, Bo Shao3, Ying Tang1, Huixin Li1, Feng Hu1
Received:
2009-04-09
Accepted:
2009-06-26
Online:
2009-09-20
Published:
2009-09-20
Contact:
Manqiang Liu
摘要:
地上和地下部生物群落的交互作用对于调控陆地生态过程具有重要作用。在盆栽条件下利用2×2析因设计研究了褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)取食不同水稻品种后对土壤线虫群落的影响。结果表明, 褐飞虱侵害水稻9 d后, 感虫品种(广四和汕优63)的土壤线虫总数、属数及自生线虫(食细菌线虫、食真菌线虫和捕食性线虫)数量增加, 并且一般达到显著水平(P<0.05); 而上述指标在抗虫品种(汕优559和IR36)土壤中则呈现相反的趋势。植食性线虫数量在强感虫品种广四上显著增加(P<0.05), 而在强抗虫品种IR36上显著减少(P<0.05)。褐飞虱和水稻品种对土壤线虫的生态指数(线虫通道指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、成熟度指数、富集指数和结构指数)没有明显影响, 可能与供试土壤线虫群落组成单一及褐飞虱作用时间较短有关。总之, 褐飞虱强烈影响土壤线虫数量、群落组成和营养结构, 并且作用的方向(促进或抑制)和程度依赖于水稻的品种特性, 揭示出地上部植食者的短期侵害将对稻田土壤生态系统的结构和功能产生深远影响。
刘满强, 黄菁华, 陈小云, 王峰, 葛成, 苏昱, 邵波, 汤英, 李辉信, 胡锋 (2009) 地上部植食者褐飞虱对不同水稻品种土壤线虫群落的影响. 生物多样性, 17, 431-439. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09087.
Manqiang Liu, Jinghua Huang, Xiaoyun Chen, Feng Wang, Cheng Ge, Yu Su, Bo Shao, Ying Tang, Huixin Li, Feng Hu (2009) Aboveground herbivory by the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) affects soil nematode communities under different rice varieties. Biodiversity Science, 17, 431-439. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09087.
变量 Variable | 褐飞虱 (BP)1) | 水稻品种(V)2) | 交互作用 (BP ×V) |
---|---|---|---|
线虫总数 Nematode abundance | 14.2** | 6.1** | 40.1** |
线虫属 Nematode genera | 2.8NS | 1.9NS | 3.5* |
食细菌线虫数 Bacterivores | 8.1** | 4.2* | 28.0** |
食真菌线虫数 Fungivores | 2.5NS | 4.1* | 4.6* |
植食性线虫数 Herbivores | 1.0NS | 1.9NS | 1.8NS |
捕食性线虫数 Predators | 7.6* | 3.0* | 5.1** |
线虫通道指数 NCR Nematode channel ratio | 0.5NS | 2.3NS | 1.7NS |
多样性指数 (H') Shannon-Wiener index | 1.8NS | 1.4NS | 1.1NS |
成熟度指数 (MI) Maturity index | 0.4NS | 0.5NS | 1.3NS |
富集指数 (EI) Enrichment index | 1.9NS | 1.8NS | 1.7NS |
结构指数 (SI) Structure index | 5.6* | 1.1NS | 2.4NS |
表1 褐飞虱(自由度d.f.=1)、水稻品种(d.f.=3)及其交互作用(d.f.=3)对土壤线虫群落的影响(方差分析F值和显著性水平)
Table 1 Summary of ANOVA F-values for the effects of brown planthopper (d.f. = 1; with or without Nilaparvata lugens), rice variety (d.f. = 3; four varieties), and their interactions (d.f. = 3) on soil nematode community
变量 Variable | 褐飞虱 (BP)1) | 水稻品种(V)2) | 交互作用 (BP ×V) |
---|---|---|---|
线虫总数 Nematode abundance | 14.2** | 6.1** | 40.1** |
线虫属 Nematode genera | 2.8NS | 1.9NS | 3.5* |
食细菌线虫数 Bacterivores | 8.1** | 4.2* | 28.0** |
食真菌线虫数 Fungivores | 2.5NS | 4.1* | 4.6* |
植食性线虫数 Herbivores | 1.0NS | 1.9NS | 1.8NS |
捕食性线虫数 Predators | 7.6* | 3.0* | 5.1** |
线虫通道指数 NCR Nematode channel ratio | 0.5NS | 2.3NS | 1.7NS |
多样性指数 (H') Shannon-Wiener index | 1.8NS | 1.4NS | 1.1NS |
成熟度指数 (MI) Maturity index | 0.4NS | 0.5NS | 1.3NS |
富集指数 (EI) Enrichment index | 1.9NS | 1.8NS | 1.7NS |
结构指数 (SI) Structure index | 5.6* | 1.1NS | 2.4NS |
图1 不同水稻品种在褐飞虱作用下对土壤线虫总数和类群属数的影响(平均值±标准误)。同一水稻品种内柱形图上的星号*代表接种褐飞虱的影响达到显著水平(P < 0.05), NS表示未达到显著水平, t-检验。
Fig. 1 Abundance and genera number (Mean ± SE) of soil nematode community as affected by rice varieties and brown planthopper (-BP, brown planthopper absent, +BP, brown planthopper present). The asterisk * above histograms under each rice variety represent significant effects of brown planthopper at P = 0.05 level, t-test.
类群(属) Taxa (Genus) | 缩写Abbr. | c-p | 广四 GS4 | 汕优63 SY63 | 汕优559 SY559 | IR36 IR36 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-BP | +BP | -BP | +BP | -BP | +BP | -BP | +BP | |||||||||||
食细菌线虫 Bacterivores | ||||||||||||||||||
原杆属 Protorhabditis | Pro. | 1 | 371.3 | 702.4 | 530.6 | 860.2 | 697.5 | 576.4 | 631.2 | 458.8 | ||||||||
中杆属 Mesorhabditis | Mes. | 1 | 363.2 | 549.5 | 202.0 | 425.4 | 262.1 | 163.3 | 253.2 | 297.6 | ||||||||
钩唇属 Diploscapter | Dip. | 1 | 105.7 | 26.4 | 13.1 | 95.0 | 88.7 | 4.7 | 63.8 | 49.0 | ||||||||
板唇属 Chiloplacus | Chi. | 2 | 50.3 | 59.5 | 104.5 | 96.1 | 116.0 | 88.6 | 134.1 | 32.6 | ||||||||
头叶属 Cephalobus | Cep. | 2 | 2.1 | 11.9 | 6.3 | 16.1 | 7.2 | 4.4 | 2.3 | 18.0 | ||||||||
真头叶属 Eucephalobus | Euc. | 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.2 | 0 | 6.2 | 2.3 | 15.1 | 0 | ||||||||
连胃属 Chronogaster | Chr. | 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.6 | 2.1 | 8.9 | 0.0 | 2.7 | ||||||||
地单宫属 Geomonhyster | Geo. | 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 12.3 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||
食真菌线虫 Fungivores | ||||||||||||||||||
滑刃属 Aphelenchoides | Aes. | 2 | 5.8 | 28.1 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 8.2 | 4.4 | 14.3 | 6.4 | ||||||||
真滑刃属 Aphelenchus | Aus. | 2 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 0.0 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||
植食性线虫 Herbivores | ||||||||||||||||||
盾线属 Scutellonema | Scu. | 3 | 65.0 | 95.6 | 99.4 | 138.0 | 114.0 | 134.3 | 119.6 | 77.9 | ||||||||
野外垫刃属 Aglenchus | Agl. | 2 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||
丝尾垫刃属 Filenchus | Fil. | 2 | 0.0 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 7.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||
捕食性线虫 Predators | ||||||||||||||||||
无咽属 Alaimus | Ala. | 4 | 3.7 | 7.9 | 2.0 | 4.6 | 0.0 | 5.2 | 6.2 | 3.6 | ||||||||
克拉克属 Clarkus | Cla. | 4 | 0.0 | 6.0 | 1.7 | 28.9 | 8.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.8 |
表2 不同水稻品种在褐飞虱作用(-BP: 无褐飞虱, +BP, 有褐飞虱)下土壤各类群线虫的数量(个/100 g干土)
Table 2 Soil nematode number (ind./100 g DW soil) of different individual taxa as affected by rice varieties and brown planthopper (-BP, brown planthopper absent, +BP, brown planthopper present)
类群(属) Taxa (Genus) | 缩写Abbr. | c-p | 广四 GS4 | 汕优63 SY63 | 汕优559 SY559 | IR36 IR36 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-BP | +BP | -BP | +BP | -BP | +BP | -BP | +BP | |||||||||||
食细菌线虫 Bacterivores | ||||||||||||||||||
原杆属 Protorhabditis | Pro. | 1 | 371.3 | 702.4 | 530.6 | 860.2 | 697.5 | 576.4 | 631.2 | 458.8 | ||||||||
中杆属 Mesorhabditis | Mes. | 1 | 363.2 | 549.5 | 202.0 | 425.4 | 262.1 | 163.3 | 253.2 | 297.6 | ||||||||
钩唇属 Diploscapter | Dip. | 1 | 105.7 | 26.4 | 13.1 | 95.0 | 88.7 | 4.7 | 63.8 | 49.0 | ||||||||
板唇属 Chiloplacus | Chi. | 2 | 50.3 | 59.5 | 104.5 | 96.1 | 116.0 | 88.6 | 134.1 | 32.6 | ||||||||
头叶属 Cephalobus | Cep. | 2 | 2.1 | 11.9 | 6.3 | 16.1 | 7.2 | 4.4 | 2.3 | 18.0 | ||||||||
真头叶属 Eucephalobus | Euc. | 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.2 | 0 | 6.2 | 2.3 | 15.1 | 0 | ||||||||
连胃属 Chronogaster | Chr. | 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.6 | 2.1 | 8.9 | 0.0 | 2.7 | ||||||||
地单宫属 Geomonhyster | Geo. | 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 12.3 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||
食真菌线虫 Fungivores | ||||||||||||||||||
滑刃属 Aphelenchoides | Aes. | 2 | 5.8 | 28.1 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 8.2 | 4.4 | 14.3 | 6.4 | ||||||||
真滑刃属 Aphelenchus | Aus. | 2 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 0.0 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||
植食性线虫 Herbivores | ||||||||||||||||||
盾线属 Scutellonema | Scu. | 3 | 65.0 | 95.6 | 99.4 | 138.0 | 114.0 | 134.3 | 119.6 | 77.9 | ||||||||
野外垫刃属 Aglenchus | Agl. | 2 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||
丝尾垫刃属 Filenchus | Fil. | 2 | 0.0 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 7.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||
捕食性线虫 Predators | ||||||||||||||||||
无咽属 Alaimus | Ala. | 4 | 3.7 | 7.9 | 2.0 | 4.6 | 0.0 | 5.2 | 6.2 | 3.6 | ||||||||
克拉克属 Clarkus | Cla. | 4 | 0.0 | 6.0 | 1.7 | 28.9 | 8.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.8 |
图2 土壤线虫群落组成在褐飞虱和水稻品种影响下的主成分分析。△代表线虫属名, 斜体字母含义见表2, GS4, SY63, SY559和IR36代表不同水稻品种, ■无褐飞虱, ●有褐飞虱。
Fig. 2 Principle component analysis (PCA) of soil nematode community composition influenced by rice varieties and brown planthopper. Variables of nematode genera (△) are represented by italic lowercases with full names in Table 2. GS4, SY63, SY559 and IR36 represent different rice varieties, respectively. (■) Brown planthopper absent, (●) Brown planthopper present.
图3 不同水稻品种在褐飞虱作用下对土壤线虫营养类群的影响(平均值±标准误)。同一水稻品种内柱形图上的星号代表接种褐飞虱的影响达到显著水平(P < 0.05), NS表示未达到显著水平, t-检验。
Fig. 3 Trophic groups (Mean ± SE) of soil nematode community as affected by rice varieties and brown planthopper (-BP, brown planthopper absent, +BP, brown planthopper present), The asterisk * above histograms under each rice variety represent significant effects of brown planthopper at P = 0.05 level, t-test.
生态指数 Ecological indices | 广四 GS4 | 汕优63 SY63 | 汕优559 SY559 | IR36 IR36 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-BP | +BP | -BP | +BP | -BP | +BP | -BP | +BP | ||||||||
线虫通道指数 (NCR) Nematode channel ratio | 0.989±0.004 | 0.976±0.008* | 0.993±0.005 | 0.990±0.008NS | 0.993±0.009 | 0.994±0.012NS | 0.986±0.014 | 0.993±0.008NS | |||||||
多样性指数 (H') Shannon-Wiener index | 1.58±0.004 | 1.45±0.067* | 1.42±0.078 | 1.52±0.106NS | 1.43±0.121 | 1.31±0.270NS | 1.52±0.204 | 1.39±0.170NS | |||||||
成熟度指数 (MI) Maturity index | 1.01±0.034 | 1.02±0.044NS | 1.02±0.048 | 1.06±0.105NS | 1.04±0.042 | 0.99±0.068NS | 1.05±0.014 | 1.00±0.038NS | |||||||
富集指数 (EI) Enrichment index | 98.14±0.75 | 97.98±0.73NS | 95.94±0. 57 | 97.38±1.58NS | 96.69±0.48 | 96.00±3.36NS | 95.57±1.72 | 98.04±1.31* | |||||||
结构指数 (SI) Structure index | 20.20±23.56 | 28.43±20.03NS | 8.97±10.67 | 47.76±11.63* | 16.37±26.18 | 10.37±12.92NS | 13.33±9.67 | 30.19±21.61* |
表3 不同水稻品种在褐飞虱作用(-BP: 无褐飞虱, +BP, 有褐飞虱)下土壤线虫群落的生态指数(Mean±SD)
Table 3 Ecological indices of soil nematode community as affected by rice varieties and brown planthopper (-BP, brown planthopper absent, +BP, brown planthopper present)
生态指数 Ecological indices | 广四 GS4 | 汕优63 SY63 | 汕优559 SY559 | IR36 IR36 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-BP | +BP | -BP | +BP | -BP | +BP | -BP | +BP | ||||||||
线虫通道指数 (NCR) Nematode channel ratio | 0.989±0.004 | 0.976±0.008* | 0.993±0.005 | 0.990±0.008NS | 0.993±0.009 | 0.994±0.012NS | 0.986±0.014 | 0.993±0.008NS | |||||||
多样性指数 (H') Shannon-Wiener index | 1.58±0.004 | 1.45±0.067* | 1.42±0.078 | 1.52±0.106NS | 1.43±0.121 | 1.31±0.270NS | 1.52±0.204 | 1.39±0.170NS | |||||||
成熟度指数 (MI) Maturity index | 1.01±0.034 | 1.02±0.044NS | 1.02±0.048 | 1.06±0.105NS | 1.04±0.042 | 0.99±0.068NS | 1.05±0.014 | 1.00±0.038NS | |||||||
富集指数 (EI) Enrichment index | 98.14±0.75 | 97.98±0.73NS | 95.94±0. 57 | 97.38±1.58NS | 96.69±0.48 | 96.00±3.36NS | 95.57±1.72 | 98.04±1.31* | |||||||
结构指数 (SI) Structure index | 20.20±23.56 | 28.43±20.03NS | 8.97±10.67 | 47.76±11.63* | 16.37±26.18 | 10.37±12.92NS | 13.33±9.67 | 30.19±21.61* |
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