生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 286-296.doi: 10.17520/biods.2018300

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

五大连池火山色木槭叶功能性状特征

谢立红1, 2, 黄庆阳1, 2, 曹宏杰1, 2, 杨帆1, 2, 王继丰1, 2, 倪红伟1, 2, *()   

  1. 1 黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所, 哈尔滨 150040
    2 湿地与生态保育国家地方联合工程实验室, 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-10 接受日期:2019-03-11 出版日期:2019-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 倪红伟 E-mail:nihongwei2000@163.com
  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金(31770497);黑龙江省财政基本科研业务费专项(ZNBZ2018ZR05)

Leaf functional traits of Acer mono in Wudalianchi Volcano, China

Xie Lihong1, 2, Huang Qingyang1, 2, Cao Hongjie1, 2, Yang Fan1, 2, Wang Jifeng1, 2, Ni Hongwei1, 2, *()   

  1. 1 Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040
    2 National and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory of Wetlands and Ecological Conservation, Harbin 150040
  • Received:2018-11-10 Accepted:2019-03-11 Online:2019-03-20
  • Contact: Ni Hongwei E-mail:nihongwei2000@163.com

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植物功能性状反映了植物对生长环境的响应和适应, 是连接植物与环境的桥梁, 研究植物功能性状特征及其随坡向的变化规律, 对认识不同微地形生境下植物群落空间格局形成及适应机制具有重要意义。本文以五大连池不同历史年代的8座火山共有树种色木槭(Acer mono)为研究对象, 测定了9类叶功能性状, 研究了植物叶功能性状在火山间及火山坡向间(阴坡-阳坡)的变化规律, 以期揭示生境对火山植物主要叶功能性状的影响, 以及阴阳坡植物生存策略的变化, 初步探讨了植物对环境的适应机制。结果表明: (1)坡向的变化是造成色木槭叶功能性状差异的重要原因; (2)火山间叶功能性状的差异反映了它们具有不同的资源环境, 色木槭生长主要受氮元素的限制; (3)南北坡向及火山间叶片厚度与叶面积均呈极显著的正相关关系, 叶片厚度与比叶面积在不同火山间均呈显著的正相关关系, 这与色木槭在火山土壤条件下的自我保护密切相关, 色木槭通过这些指标间的功能调节来适应环境的变化, 并形成最佳功能组合。五大连池不同历史年代火山的色木槭采用增加植物叶片叶干物质浓度、叶面积、叶片厚度、叶氮和叶磷浓度提高固碳能力, 通过降低比叶面积和氮磷比来适应干旱、土壤养分贫瘠的环境。

关键词: 五大连池火山, 坡向, 色木槭, 叶功能性状, 生存策略

Functional traits reflecting responses and adaptations of plants to their environment can be used as a bridge between plants and the changes occurring in their environment. The analysis of the relationship between plant functional traits and environmental gradients present on hill slopes can improve our understanding of adaptation mechanisms of plant communities under different microtopographic habitats. In this paper, nine leaf functional traits of Acer mono individuals were studied on eight volcanoes in different historical years in Wudalianchi, China. The main leaf functional traits of volcanic plants on shady and sunny slopes were determined. A change in survival strategy and adaptation mechanisms of shady and sunny slope plants was found. The results were as follows: (1) The change of slope direction is an important reason for the difference of leaf functional characteristics of Acer mono. (2) The difference of leaf functional characteristics in volcanoes reflects their different resource environments. At the same time, the growth of Acer mono is mainly limited by nitrogen. (3) Leaf thickness had a significant positive correlation with leaf area between the north-south slopes and between volcanoes. There was a significant positive correlation between leaf thickness and specific leaf area between volcanoes, which is related to the self-protection of Acer mono under volcanic soil conditions. These results suggest that Acer mono can respond to its environment and adapt to express the best combination of functional traits. Acer mono individuals from volcanoes of different ages have increased carbon sequestration capacity, leaf dry matter content, leaf area, leaf thickness, nitrogen and phosphorus content, while also having reduced specific leaf area and nitrogen to phosphorus ratio as an adaptation to abundant light, low water content and poor soil nutrients.

Key words: Wudalianchi volcano, slope, Acer mono, leaf functional traits, survival strategy

图1

五大连池火山研究区位置示意图"

图2

五大连池8座火山色木槭叶功能性状。不同大写字母表示不同火山间叶功能性状差异显著, 不同小写字母表示每座火山南北坡间叶功能性状差异显著(P < 0.05)。DJDBS、XGS、BJS、XJDBS、WS、WHS、BGLQS和NGLQS的含义见图1。"

表1

五大连池8座火山及其南北坡向间色木槭叶功能性状变异系数"

叶干物质浓度 Leaf dry matter content 叶面积
Leaf size		 比叶面积
Specific leaf area		 叶片厚度
Leaf thickness		 叶碳浓度
Leaf carbon content		 叶钾浓度
Leaf kalium content		 叶氮浓度
Leaf nitrogen content		 叶磷浓度
Leaf phosphorus content		 叶氮磷比
Ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus
东焦得布山 Dongjiaodebushan (DJDBS) 0.06 0.25 0.10 0.40 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.15 0.10
小孤山 Xiaogushan (XGS) 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.01 0.13 0.13 0.02 0.12
笔架山 Bijiashan (BJS) 0.04 0.03 0.16 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.00
西焦得布山 Xijiaodebushan (XJDBS) 0.12 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.22 0.09 0.02 0.07
尾山 Weishan (WS) 0.04 0.10 0.01 0.14 0.03 0.20 0.07 0.09 0.16
卧虎山 Wohushan (WHS) 0.03 0.05 0.15 0.07 0.06 0.21 0.05 0.02 0.08
北格拉球山 Beigelaqiushan (BGLQS) 0.00 0.10 0.07 0.18 0.01 0.11 0.06 0.01 0.12
南格拉球山 Nangelaqiushan (NGLQS) 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.15
南坡 South slope 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.03 0.27 0.12 0.07 0.15
北坡 North slope 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.16 0.03 0.18 0.11 0.12 0.18
南北坡向间 South /North 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.02 0.14 0.08 0.06 0.10
火山间 Between volcanoes 0.05 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.02 0.20 0.10 0.09 0.15

表2

五大连池8座火山色木槭叶功能性状方差分析结果"

变量
Variable		 火山间
Between volcanoes		 坡向间
Between slopes
F P F P
叶干物质浓度 Leaf dry matter content 1.280 0.366 1.558 0.232
叶面积 Leaf size 1.207 0.395 2.983 0.106
比叶面积 Specific leaf area 1.333 0.346 0.339 0.570
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness 1.140 0.425 4.302 0.057
叶碳浓度 Leaf carbon content 0.996 0.496 0.149 0.705
叶钾浓度 Leaf kalium content 4.482 0.026* 0.341 0.569
叶氮浓度 Leaf nitrogen content 3.285 0.059 0.010 0.922
叶磷浓度 Leaf phosphorus content 2.835 0.084 1.397 0.257
叶氮磷比 Ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus 4.065 0.034* 0.464 0.507

表3

五大连池8座火山间色木槭叶钾浓度(LKC)和叶氮磷比(N/P)的多重比较(P = 0.05)"

变量 Variable LKC N/P
小孤山 XGS 0.006* 0.425
笔架山 BJS 0.004* 0.068
西焦得布山 XJDBS 0.158 0.959
尾山 WS 0.199 0.154
卧虎山 WHS 0.492 0.300
北格拉球山 BGLQS 0.251 0.109
南格拉球山 NGLQS 0.008* 0.154
笔架山 BJS 0.808 0.018*
西焦得布山 XJDBS 0.064 0.454
尾山 WS 0.050* 0.485
卧虎山 WHS 0.018* 0.795
北格拉球山 BGLQS 0.039* 0.363
南格拉球山 NGLQS 0.833 0.042*
笔架山
Bijiaoshan (BJS)		 西焦得布山 XJDBS 0.043* 0.063
尾山 WS 0.034* 0.006*
卧虎山 WHS 0.012* 0.012*
北格拉球山 BGLQS 0.026* 0.004*
南格拉球山 NGLQS 0.652 0.606
西焦得布山
Xijiaodebushan (XJDBS)		 尾山 WS 0.880 0.167
卧虎山 WHS 0.427 0.322
北格拉球山 BGLQS 0.757 0.118
南格拉球山 NGLQS 0.090 0.143
尾山
Weishan (WS)		 卧虎山 WHS 0.516 0.655
北格拉球山 BGLQS 0.874 0.822
南格拉球山 NGLQS 0.071 0.014*
卧虎山
Wohushan (WHS)		 北格拉球山 BGLQS 0.620 0.506
南格拉球山 NGLQS 0.025* 0.028*
北格拉球山 Beigelaqiushan (BGLQS) 南格拉球山 NGLQS 0.055 0.010*

表4

五大连池8座火山北坡(对角线下部)和南坡(对角线上部)的色木槭叶功能性状相关系数"

LDMC LS SLA LT LCC LKC LNC LPC N/P
叶干物质浓度 Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) -0.553 -0.623 -0.528 0.232 0.211 -0.271 -0.492 0.081
叶面积 Leaf size (LS) -0.516 0.674 0.984** 0.410 -0.489 -0.122 0.684 -0.428
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (SLA) -0.750* 0.709* 0.612 0.052 -0.345 -0.168 0.895** -0.445
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness (LT) -0.370 0.966** 0.560 0.355 -0.489 -0.200 0.666 -0.492
叶碳浓度 Leaf carbon content (LCC) 0.241 -0.262 -0.376 -0.224 0.039 0.525 0.001 0.382
叶钾浓度 Leaf kalium content (LKC) 0.018 0.448 -0.047 0.522 0.374 0.572 -0.374 0.697
叶氮浓度 Leaf nitrogen content (LNC) -0.655 0.295 0.370 0.197 0.337 0.539 -0.203 0.929**
叶磷浓度 Leaf phosphorus content (LPC) -0.149 0.384 0.398 0.300 -0.353 -0.403 -0.468 -0.442
叶氮磷比 Ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus (N/P) -0.271 -0.079 -0.043 -0.101 0.404 0.543 0.853** -0.852**

表5

五大连池8座火山色木槭叶功能性状的相关系数"

LDMC LS SLA LT LCC LKC LNC LPC
叶干物质浓度 Leaf dry matter content (LDMC)
叶面积 Leaf size (LS) -0.371
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (SLA) -0.700 0.732*
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness (LT) -0.320 0.978** 0.734*
叶碳浓度 Leaf carbon content (LCC) 0.104 0.203 0.128 0.196
叶钾浓度 Leaf kalium content (LKC) 0.439 -0.194 -0.554 -0.284 0.254
叶氮浓度 Leaf nitrogen content (LNC) -0.230 -0.114 -0.120 -0.150 0.594 0.506
叶磷浓度 Leaf phosphorus content (LPC) -0.306 0.540 0.811* 0.529 -0.034 -0.477 -0.468
叶氮磷比 Ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus (N/P) 0.069 -0.404 -0.497 -0.406 0.420 0.586 0.906** -0.756*

表6

五大连池8座火山色木槭叶功能性状在南北坡的主成分分析结果"

指标 Index 北坡 North slope 南坡 South slope
主成分1
Principal component 1		 主成分2
Principal component 2		 主成分3
Principal component 3		 公因方差
Communality		 主成分1
Principal component 1		 主成分2
Principal component 2		 公因子方差
Communality
叶干物质浓度 Leaf dry matter content -0.774 -0.025 0.571 0.925 -0.582 -0.520 0.609
叶面积 Leaf size 0.918 -0.209 0.324 0.990 0.887 0.310 0.883
比叶面积 Specific leaf area 0.828 -0.287 -0.329 0.876 0.835 0.167 0.726
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness 0.833 -0.180 0.485 0.961 0.885 0.235 0.839
叶碳浓度 Leaf carbon content -0.225 0.638 0.258 0.524 0.100 0.760 0.588
叶钾浓度 Leaf kalium content 0.424 0.619 0.622 0.949 -0.673 0.375 0.594
叶氮浓度 Leaf nitrogen content 0.593 0.735 -0.280 0.971 -0.414 0.882 0.949
叶磷浓度 Leaf phosphorus content 0.206 -0.872 0.075 0.809 0.837 0.111 0.712
叶氮磷比 Ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus 0.196 0.943 -0.215 0.974 -0.704 0.677 0.953
特征值 Eigenvalue 3.483 3.140 1.357 4.437 2.415
贡献率 Contribution rate (%) 38.695 34.886 15.083 49.302 26.832
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%) 38.695 73.581 88.663 49.302 76.133

表7

五大连池8座火山色木槭叶功能性状主成分分析结果"

指标
Index		 主成分1
Principal component 1		 主成分2
Principal component 2		 主成分3
Principal component 3		 公因子方差
Communality
叶干物质浓度 Leaf dry matter content -0.498 -0.386 0.743 0.949
叶面积 Leaf size 0.761 0.461 0.313 0.890
比叶面积 Specific leaf area 0.893 0.359 -0.178 0.959
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness 0.772 0.425 0.318 0.878
叶碳浓度 Leaf carbon content -0.143 0.757 0.337 0.707
叶钾浓度 Leaf kalium content -0.669 0.283 0.421 0.705
叶氮浓度 Leaf nitrogen content -0.523 0.810 -0.242 0.989
叶磷浓度 Leaf phosphorus content 0.855 -0.044 0.115 0.746
叶氮磷比 Ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus -0.801 0.540 -0.188 0.969
特征值 Eigen value 4.335 2.274 1.181
贡献率 Contribution rate (%) 48.170 25.262 13.124
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%) 48.170 73.432 86.557
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