生物多样性, 2022, 30(4): 21326- doi: 10.17520/biods.2021326

生物编目

云南省爬行动物名录和地理区划更新

王剀,,1,*, 吕植桐,2, 王健,2, 齐硕,2, 车静,,3,*

1 Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73072, USA

2.中山大学生命科学学院, 广州 510275, 中国

3.中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室 & 云南省高黎贡山生物多样性与生态安全重点实验室, 昆明 650223, 中国

The updated checklist and zoogeographic division of the reptilian fauna of Yunnan Province, China

Kai Wang,,1,*, Zhitong Lyu,2, Jian Wang,2, Shuo Qi,2, Jing Che,,3,*

1 Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma, Norman 73072, USA

2 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

3 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China

通讯作者: *E-mail:kai.wang-2@ou.edu;chej@mail.kiz.ac.cn

编委: 江建平

责任编辑: 闫文杰

收稿日期: 2021-12-18   接受日期: 2022-01-20  

基金资助: 云南省生物资源数字化开发应用项目(202002AA100007)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A(XDA19050303)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(32130015)
中国西南野生生物种质资源库动物分库(国家重大科技基础设施专项)

Corresponding authors: *E-mail:kai.wang-2@ou.edu;chej@mail.kiz.ac.cn

Received: 2021-12-18   Accepted: 2022-01-20  

摘要

云南省作为中国生物多样性最高的省份, 其详实的物种本底资料对我国生物多样性研究和保护具有重要意义。本文在前期研究的基础上, 结合实体标本, 汇总编制了云南省现生、原生爬行动物更新名录。截至2021年12月31日, 云南省记录爬行动物25科82属235种, 其中龟鳖目4科12属16种, 有鳞目蜥蜴亚目6科20属72种, 蛇亚目15科50属147种。较《云南两栖爬行动物》确认新增82种, 存疑收录21种, 移除23种。基于先前云南省爬行动物区划和更新后的物种分布信息, 将云南省爬行动物地理分为6个动物地理区, 即滇西北横断山区、滇西山地区、滇南山地区、滇东南山地区、滇中高原区以及滇东北山地区; 其中滇西北横断山区、滇西山地区、滇中高原区和滇东南山地区的范围与先前研究相比有所调整。结合调整后的爬行动物地理区划, 对物种分布、物种特有性、受威胁状况等给出了统计结果。云南省爬行动物特有物种、国内仅见于云南的非特有物种数量较多, 受威胁等级高。建议今后继续加大分类学研究投入, 对滇西北、滇中特有爬行动物分布集中的区域积极开展栖息地保护工作, 同时在最新调整的《国家重点保护野生动物名录》基础上, 定期组织专家研讨, 对《云南省省级重点保护动物名录》提出更新建议。

关键词: 省重点保护野生动物名录; 存疑纪录; 分类厘定; 更新名录; 野生动物保护法

Abstract

Aims: Yunnan Province has the richest biodiversity among all administrative regions in China. Therefore, having detailed, updated checklists of different fauna and flora groups of Yunnan are particularly important for the conservation and scientific utilization of biodiversity in China.

Methods: Based on published literatures and examination of relevant specimens in natural history museums in China, we update the checklist of the reptilian fauna of Yunnan. Following the update, we revised the zoogeographic division of reptilian fauna of Yunnan and compiled diversity-related statistics for each zoogeographic region.

Results: As of 31th December, 2021, there are 235 recognized species of reptiles in 82 genera, 25 families, and 2 orders recorded from Yunnan Province of China, including 16 species of Testudines in 12 genera, 4 families, 72 species of Lacertilia in 20 genera, 6 families, and 147 species of Serpentes in 50 genera, 15 families. Comparing to the latest monograph, Amphibia and Reptilia of Yunnan, which was published in 2008, our updated checklist added 82 new records, retained 21 questionable records, and removed records of 23 recognized species from Yunnan. With the revised taxonomy and distribution data of Yunnan’s reptilian fauna, we continued to recognize six zoogeographic regions in Yunnan, namely Northwestern Hengduan Mountains of Yunnan, Western Hills of Yunnan, Southern Hills of Yunnan, Southeastern Hills of Yunnan, Northern and Central Yunnan Plateau, and Northeastern Hills of Yunnan; but we adjusted the ranges for four of these regions, namely Northwestern Hengduan Mountains of Yunnan, Western Hills of Yunnan, Southeastern Hills of Yunnan, and Northern and Central Yunnan Plateau. While the three southern zoogeographic regions have the highest overall diversity, the Northwestern Hengduan Mountains of Yunnan and Central Yunnan Plateau have the highest percentage of endemic species. In total, 13% of the recorded taxa are endemic to Yunnan, 33% of the taxa are only found in Yunnan within China, and 26% of the taxa have been initially described from Yunnan. Taxonomically, Lacertilia constitutes the highest percentage of endemic taxa, which is followed by Serpentes and Testudines. For conservation, about 34% of the assessed reptile species of Yunnan are considered threatened based on China’s Red List of Biodiversity•Vertebrates (Vol. III): Reptiles, and about 16% of the total species of Yunnan still lack conservation assessments. In contrast, only 12% of the recorded species are nationally protected. Of the six zoogeographic regions of Yunnan, the Southern Hills of Yunnan have the highest percentage of threatened species and the highest number of nationally protected species.

Conclusion: The reptilian diversity of Yunnan is still underestimated, and the taxonomy of the recorded species is changing regularly. Taxonomy should continue to be the focus of herpetological studies in the future, and detailed distribution data at higher resolution are needed, preferably to the county level. The percentage of endemic species of Yunnan and the conservation threat of Yunnan’s reptilian fauna are both high. Habitat conservations of endemic species in northwest and central Yunnan warrants particular attention. Lastly, as taxonomy and conservation status of species are changing regularly, and given many threatened species are not currently protected by the List of Wild Animals under Special State Protection, we call for the update of the List of Wild Animals under Special Provincial Protection of Yunnan, so that the overlooked, threatened species and their habitats can have legal protection converge.

Keywords: List of Wild Animals under Special Provincial Protection; questionable records; taxonomic revision; updated checklist; wildlife protection law

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本文引用格式

王剀, 吕植桐, 王健, 齐硕, 车静 (2022) 云南省爬行动物名录和地理区划更新. 生物多样性, 30, 21326-. doi:10.17520/biods.2021326.

Kai Wang, Zhitong Lyu, Jian Wang, Shuo Qi, Jing Che (2022) The updated checklist and zoogeographic division of the reptilian fauna of Yunnan Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21326-. doi:10.17520/biods.2021326.

云南地处我国西南边陲, 位于97º39°-106º12° E、21º09°-29º19° N之间。作为我国地形第一级与第二级海拔阶梯的过渡区域, 其西北端经横断山与青藏高原接壤, 南部则经云贵高原逐渐过渡至低海拔热带沟谷雨林(杨一光, 1990)。复杂多样的地形和气候孕育了云南省丰富的生物多样性, 其中包含了种类繁多的爬行动物。

云南省爬行动物多样性很早就引起了国内外学者的关注。自19世纪后期开始, 欧美博物学者陆续进入云南考察, 描述发表了一系列爬行动物新物种(Anderson, 1878; Boulenger, 1890, 1918; Schmidt, 1925; Pope, 1935)。1949年后, 国内学者也开始着手于云南省爬行动物多样性的调查, 并陆续发表了不同区域的物种名录和生物地理区划研究(张玺和成庆泰, 1946; 黄祝坚, 1958; 杨大同等, 1978, 1980; 寇治通和刑一玲, 1987; 杨大同和饶定齐, 1992; 何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 何晓瑞等, 2002)。基于这些研究结果, 我国学者编写了数本云南省局部或全省范围的爬行动物专著, 如《高黎贡山地区两栖、爬行类》(杨大同等, 1978)、《横断山区两栖爬行动物》(赵尔宓和杨大同, 1997)和《云南两栖爬行动物》(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)。近期, 云南省也汇编更新了省内生物多样性物种名录(孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017)。这些志书和编目为研究云南省爬行动物多样性奠定了重要基础。其中, 《云南两栖爬行动物》是迄今为止对云南省爬行动物多样性记述、讨论最详尽的著作, 共记录云南省爬行动物2目16科70属162种, 位列同时期我国各省份首位。

近年来, 随着分类学研究手段的不断进步和本底调查力度逐渐加大, 我国爬行动物分类研究进展迅速, 大量新物种陆续被发现描述, 分类系统不断更新完善(蔡波等, 2015; 王剀等, 2020)。但是已知物种在不同省区的具体分布情况仍缺乏及时、系统的更新, 其中新物种涌现、物种分类变更频繁的云南省(王剀和蒋珂, 2016; 王剀和陈宏满, 2017; 王剀等, 2018), 其信息滞后情况尤为突出, 这样的信息滞后严重制约了相关部门制定生物多样性保护决策的准确性和科学性。

本文在《云南两栖爬行动物》(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)的基础上, 结合我国爬行动物更新名录(王剀等, 2020)和近期发表的研究成果, 汇总更新了截至2021年12月31日云南省现生、原生爬行动物名录, 并对云南省爬行动物地理区划进行了更新调整。同时, 结合《中国生物多样性红色名录•脊椎动物(第三卷): 爬行动物》(王跃招等, 2021)及相关研究, 分析了云南省爬行动物的受威胁特点, 并对分类的研究方向和物种保护提出了建议。

1 研究方法

以《云南两栖爬行动物》(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)为基础, 综合考虑《云南省爬行动物调查及补充名录》(赵尔宓和江耀明, 1966)、《中国动物志•爬行纲(第一卷): 总论, 龟鳖目, 鳄形目》(张孟闻等, 1998)、《中国动物志•爬行纲(第二卷): 有鳞目•蜥蜴亚目》(赵尔宓等, 1999)、《中国动物志•爬行纲(第三卷): 有鳞目•蛇亚目》(赵尔宓等, 1998)、《云南省爬行动物区系及地理区划》(何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002)、《云南省生物物种名录(2016版)》(孙航和高正文, 2016)、《云南省生物物种红色名录(2017版)》(孙航和高正文, 2017)、《西南野生动物图鉴: 爬行动物卷》(饶定齐, 2020)等名录和研究著作, 结合近期更新的爬行动物分类体系(王剀等, 2020)和截至2021年12月31日已正式发表的最新研究文献和报道, 收录了符合《国际动物物种命名法》有关要求的有效物种和分类变动, 对云南省现生、原生爬行动物名录进行更新。

由于王剀等(2020)对截至2019年底的我国爬行动物分类变更已做了详细解释, 因此本文对2019年前发生的高阶元分类变更仅进行了汇总, 未对具体变更理由再行赘述。此外, 本文对已发表研究著作(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; 孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017; 饶定齐, 2020)中分类鉴定或分布信息存疑的物种进行了核查: 对分类变动后仍遗留有未定种群, 最初报道无标本凭证、但在云南周边省份或邻国边境区域确有分布的物种, 本研究以存疑方式进行收录; 而对于有研究已论证移除, 或最初报道无相关标本凭证、且在云南省周边区域均无分布的物种, 则予以讨论和移除。

物种受威胁数据参考《中国生物多样性红色名录•脊椎动物(第三卷): 爬行动物》(王跃招等, 2021), 其中受威胁等级为易危(VU)、濒危(EN)或极危(CR)的物种视为“受威胁”。国家重点保护野生动物的保护等级引自最新的《国家重点保护野生动物名录》(http://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/5461/20210205/122418860831352.html)。由于《国家重点保护野生动物名录》将巨蜥科(Varanidae)物种整体纳入国家I级保护, 因此对于因分类意见不同而未以具体物种形式出现在《国家重点保护野生动物名录》中的伊江巨蜥(Varanus irrawadicus)和暗影巨蜥(V. nebulosus), 均以国家I级保护动物进行标注。

爬行动物区划以《中国自然地理: 动物地理》(中国自然地理编辑委员会, 1979)、《云南两栖爬行动物》(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)、《云南省爬行动物区系及地理区划》(何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002)为基础, 依据更新后的物种分类和分布数据进行统计。物种分布信息以地理区为单位转换为相异度矩阵, 后用邻接法(neighbor-joining; Saitou & Nei, 1987)构建生物地理区之间的关系。为避免物种模式产地信息被用于盗猎(Stuart et al, 2006), 对于模式产地位于云南的物种, 本文仅以模式产地对应的动物地理区进行统计, 并未列出具体地点信息。

2 结果

截至2021年12月31日, 云南省共记录爬行动物2目25科82属235种, 包括龟鳖目4科12属16种, 有鳞目蜥蜴亚目6科20属72种, 蛇亚目15科50属147种(附录1)。

2.1 分类变动

2.1.1 高阶元分类变动(表1, 表2)

表1   与《云南两栖爬行动物》(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)相比, 本名录新增的爬行动物科级高阶分类单元, 以及因新纪录物种而新增的属级新纪录。

Table 1  Comparing to the most recent book, Amphibia and Reptilia of Yunnan (Yang & Rao, 2008), new family and new generic records of reptilian fauna added to Yunnan Province, China in this current study.

分类阶元
Taxonomic
level
中文名
Chinese
common name
学名
Scientific name
文献
Literature
科 Family两头蛇科CalamariidaeZaher et al, 2019
食螺蛇科Dipsadidae
水游蛇科Natricidae
斜鳞蛇科Pseudoxenodontidae
剑蛇科Sibynophiidae
闪皮蛇科XenodermatidaeWiens et al, 2008; Zaher et al, 2009; Pyron et al, 2011, 2013
水蛇科Homalopsidae
屋蛇科Lamprophiidae
钝头蛇科Pareidae
地龟科GeoemydidaeBarley et al, 2010
属 Genus拟须唇蛇属ParafimbriosCai et al, 2020

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表2   本名录较《云南两栖爬行动物》(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)收录的属级分类变动。其中原属学名、原属中文名、原种学名、原种中文名指《云南两栖爬行动物》中使用的名称, 而修订后属学名、修订后属中文名、修订后种学名、修订后种中文名指本名录采用的名称。“-”指无变化。

Table 2  Generic taxonomic changes of the reptilian fauna of Yunnan Province, China comparing to the book, Amphibia and Reptilia of Yunnan, by Yang and Rao (2008). The original generic name, previously used Chinese common names, and original species name refer to the names used by Yang and Rao (2008), and the revised names are the ones accepted by the current study. “-” indicates no change on the Chinese common name.

原属学名
Generic synonym
原属中文名
Previous Chinese common name of
the genus
原种学名
Previous
scientific
name of the
species
原种中文名
Previous
Chinese
common name
of the species
修订后属学名
Revised
scientific name
of the genus
修订后属中文名
Current
Chinese
common name
of the genus
修订后种学名
Revised
scientific
name of the
species
修订后种中文名
Current
Chinese
common name
of the species
文献
Literature
Amphiesma腹链蛇属A. atemporalis无颞鳞腹链蛇Hebius东亚腹链蛇属H. atemporale-Guo et al, 2014
A. bitaeniatus黑带腹链蛇H. bitaeniatum-
A. boulengeri白眉腹链蛇H. boulengeri-
A. clerki克氏腹链蛇H. clerki-
A. craspedogaster锈链腹链蛇H. craspedogaster-
A. johannis棕网腹链蛇H. johannis-
A. khasiensis卡西腹链蛇H. khasiensis-
A. modesta腹斑腹链蛇H. modestum-
A. optatum丽纹腹链蛇H. optatum-
A. octolineatum八线腹链蛇H. octolineatum-
A. popei坡普腹链蛇H. popei-
A. sauteri棕黑腹链蛇H. sauteri-
A. venningi缅北腹链蛇H. venningi-
Pararhabdophis异纹蛇属P. chapaensis沙坝异纹蛇H. chapaensis沙坝腹链蛇Ren et al, 2018
原属学名
Generic synonym
原属中文名
Previous Chinese common name of
the genus
原种学名
Previous
scientific
name of the
species
原种中文名
Previous
Chinese
common name
of the species
修订后属学名
Revised
scientific name
of the genus
修订后属中文名
Current
Chinese
common name
of the genus
修订后种学名
Revised
scientific
name of the
species
修订后种中文名
Current
Chinese
common name
of the species
文献
Literature
Calotes树蜥属C. kakhienensis蚌西树蜥Pseudocalotes拟树蜥属P. kakhienensis蚌西拟树蜥Mahony, 2010; Wang et al, 2019a
C. microlepis细鳞树蜥P. microlepis细鳞拟树蜥
Chinemys龟属C. reevesii乌龟Mauremys拟水龟属M. reevesii-Spinks et al, 2004
Dinodon链蛇属D. flavozonatum黄链蛇Lycodon白环蛇属L. flavozonatus-Guo et al, 2013; Siler et al, 2013
D. rufozonatum赤链蛇L. rufozonatus-
D. septentrionalis chapaensis白链蛇L. chapaensis沙坝白环蛇
Elaphe锦蛇属E. pasina绿锦蛇Gonyosoma树栖锦蛇属G. prasinum-Chen et al, 2014
E. frenata灰腹绿锦蛇G. frenatum-
E. mandarina玉斑锦蛇Euprepiophis玉斑蛇属E. mandarinus-Utiger et al, 2002, 2005; Burbrink & Lawson, 2007; Pyron et al, 2013
E. porphyracea紫灰锦蛇Oreocryptophis紫灰蛇属O. porphyraceus-Utiger et al, 2005; Pyron et al, 2013
E. radiata三索锦蛇Coelognathus颌腔蛇属C. radiatus-Helfenberger, 2001; Utiger et al, 2005; Burbrink & Lawson, 2007; Pyron et al, 2013
Enhydris水蛇属E. plumbea铅色水蛇Hypsiscopus铅色蛇属H. plumbea-Murphy & Voris, 2014
Eumeces石龙子属E. chinensis中国石龙子Plestidon-P. chinensis-Griffith et al, 2000; Schmitz et al, 2004; Brandley et al, 2005, 2012; Pyron et al, 2013
E. elegans蓝尾石龙子P. elegans-
Japalura攀蜥属J. brevicauda短尾攀蜥Diploderma龙蜥属D. brevicauda短尾龙蜥Wang et al, 2019a
J. dymondi裸耳攀蜥D. dymondi裸耳龙蜥
J. fasciata横纹攀蜥D. fasciatum横纹龙蜥
J. fasciata翡翠攀蜥D. iadinum翡翠龙蜥
J. splendida丽纹攀蜥D. splendidum丽纹龙蜥
J. slowinskii贡山攀蜥D. slowinskii贡山龙蜥
J. varcoae昆明攀蜥D. varcoae昆明龙蜥
J. vela帆背攀蜥D. vela帆背龙蜥
J. yulongensis玉龙攀蜥D. yulongense玉龙龙蜥
J. yunnanensis云南攀蜥D. yunnanense云南龙蜥
J. bapoensis独龙江攀蜥Pseudocalotes拟树蜥属P. kingdonwardi bapoensis西藏拟树蜥巴坡亚种
Mabuya南蜥属M. longicaudata长尾南蜥Eutropis-E. longicaudata-Ota & Huang, 2000; Mausfeld et al, 2002; Pyron et al, 2013
M. multifasciata多线南蜥E. multifasciata-
Macropisthodon颈棱蛇属M. rudis颈棱蛇Pseudagkistro-don-P. rudis-Takeuchi et al, 2018
Oligodon小头蛇属O. bella方花小头蛇Archelaphe方花蛇属A. bella方花蛇Schulz et al, 2011
Opisthotropis后棱蛇属O. praemaxillaris老挝后棱蛇Paratapinophis副后棱蛇属P. praemaxillaris老挝副后棱蛇Ren et al, 2018
Ophisaurus蛇蜥属O. gracilis细脆蛇蜥Dopasia脆蛇蜥属D. gracilis-Conrad et al, 2011; Nguyen et al, 2011; Pyron et al, 2013
O. harti脆蛇蜥D. harti-
原属学名
Generic synonym
原属中文名
Previous Chinese common name of
the genus
原种学名
Previous
scientific
name of the
species
原种中文名
Previous
Chinese
common name
of the species
修订后属学名
Revised
scientific name
of the genus
修订后属中文名
Current
Chinese
common name
of the genus
修订后种学名
Revised
scientific
name of the
species
修订后种中文名
Current
Chinese
common name
of the species
文献
Literature
Platyplacopus地蜥属P. intermedius峨眉地蜥Takydromus草蜥属T. intermedius峨眉草蜥Arnold, 1997; Lin et al, 2002; Pyron et al, 2013
Pyxidae锯缘摄龟属P. mouhotii锯缘摄龟Cuora闭壳龟属C. mouhotii-Stuart & Parham, 2004; Zhang et al, 2008
Ptychozoon伞虎属P. bannaense版纳伞虎Gekko壁虎属G. bannaense-Wood et al, 2020; Uetz et al, 2021
Rhabdops黄腹杆蛇属R. bicolor黄腹杆蛇Smithophis杆蛇属S. bicolor-Giri et al, 2019
Rhynchophis尖喙蛇属R. boulengeri尖喙蛇Gonyosoma树栖锦蛇属G. boulengeri-Chen et al, 2014
Ramphotyphlops钩盲蛇属R. braminus钩盲蛇Indotyphlops印度盲蛇属I. braminus-Pyron & Wallach, 2014
Sinonatrix华游蛇属S. aequifasciata环纹华游蛇Trimerodytes环游蛇属T. aequifasciatus-Ren et al, 2019
S. percarinata乌华游蛇T. percarinatus-
S. yapingi景东华游蛇T. yapingi-
S. yunnanensis云南华游蛇T. yunnanensis-
Trimeresurus竹叶青属T. albolabris白唇竹叶青蛇--T. albolabris-
T. stejnegeri福建竹叶青蛇Viridovipera绿蝮属V. stejnegeri-Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004; 郭鹏, 2005; Dawson et al, 2008; Guo & Wang, 2011
T. yunnanensis云南竹叶青蛇V. yunnanensis-
T. gumprechti冈氏竹叶青蛇V. gumprechti-
T. popeiorum坡普竹叶青蛇Popeia坡普蝮属P. popeiorum-
Typhlops盲蛇属T. diardii大盲蛇Argyrophis东南亚盲蛇属A.diardii-Pyron & Wallach, 2014
Atretium滇西蛇属A. yunnanensis滇西蛇Fowlea渔游蛇属F. yunnanensis-Purkayastha et al, 2018; Cheng et al, 2021
Xenochrophis异色蛇属X. piscator渔游蛇F. piscator-
X. flavipunctatus黄斑渔游蛇F. flavipunctatus-
Zaocys乌梢蛇属Z. carinatus黑网乌梢蛇Ptyas鼠蛇属P. carinata-David & Das, 2004; Utiger et al, 2005
Z. dhumnades乌梢蛇P. dhumnades-
Z. nigromarginatus黑线乌梢蛇P. nigromarginata-

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基于最新的分类系统学研究, 将《云南两栖爬行动物》(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)中的科、属高阶元分类单元进行了调整, 新增10科, 即两头蛇科(Calamariidae)、食螺蛇科(Dipsadidae)、水蛇科(Homalopsidae)、屋蛇科(Lamprophiidae)、水游蛇科(Natricidae)、钝头蛇科(Pareidae)、斜鳞蛇科(Pseudoxenodontidae)、剑蛇科(Sibynophiidae)、闪皮蛇科(Xenodermatidae)和地龟科(Geoemydidae)。

对其中22个属的分类地位进行了调整: 将龟属(Chinemys)作为拟水龟属(Mauremys)的次定同物异名; 锯缘摄龟属(Pyxidae)为闭壳龟属(Cuora)的次定同物异名; 地蜥属(Platyplacopus)为草蜥属(Takydromus)的次定同物异名; 链蛇属(Dinodon)为白环蛇属(Lycodon)的次定同物异名; 乌梢蛇属(Zaocys)为鼠蛇属(Ptyas)的次定同物异名; 钩盲蛇属(Ramphotyphlops)和盲蛇属(Typhlops)分别为印度盲蛇属(Indotyphlops)和东南亚盲蛇属(Argyrophis)的次定同物异名; 原石龙子属(Eumeces)物种移至Plestidon属, 中文名保持不变; 原南蜥属(Mabuya)物种移至Eutropis, 中文名保持不变; 原蛇蜥属(Ophisaurus)物种移至脆蛇蜥属(Dopasia); 原广义竹叶青属(Trimeresurus sensu lato)拆分为狭义竹叶青属(Trimeresurus sensu stricto)、绿蝮属(Viridovipera)和坡普蝮属(Popeia); 将弯趾虎属(Cyrtopodion)拆分, 恢复裸趾虎属(Cytodactylus); 将树蜥属(Calotes)拆分, 恢复拟树蜥属(Pseudocalotes); 将广义攀蜥属(Japalura sensu lato)拆分, 恢复龙蜥属(Diploderma); 废除原颈棱蛇属(Macropisthodon)和华游蛇属(Sinonatrix), 其分别为Pseudagkistrodon (中文名保持“颈棱蛇属”不变)和环游蛇属(Trimerodytes)的次定同物异名; 将广义锦蛇属(Elaphe sensu lato)拆分为狭义锦蛇属(Elaphe sensu stricto)、颌腔蛇属(Coelognathus)、紫灰蛇属(Oreocryptophis)、玉斑蛇属(Euprepiophis)和树栖锦蛇属(Gonyosoma); 将原后棱蛇属(Opisthotropis)拆分, 独立出环游蛇属(Trimerodytes); 从小头蛇属(Oligodon)中拆分出方花蛇属(Archelaphe); 将广义腹链蛇属(Amphiesma sensu lato)拆分为狭义腹链蛇属(Amphiesma sensu stricto)和东亚腹链蛇属(Hebius); 从水蛇属(Enhydris)中独立出铅色蛇属(Hypsiscopus); 以Smithophis替换我国原记录的Rhabdops, 中文名修订为“杆蛇属” (表2)。

依据最新研究, 新增收录1属。Cai等(2020)报道的中国新纪录物种老挝拟须唇蛇属(Parafimbrios lao), 代表了拟须唇蛇属在我国的新纪录, 本研究予以收录(表1)。另将2属列为次定同物异名。Wood等(2020)利用简化基因组数据构建壁虎科(Gekkonidae)系统演化关系, 确认原伞虎属(Ptychozoon)与壁虎属(Gekko)互不成单系, 故将伞虎属视为壁虎属的次定同物异名, 本研究采纳其观点。因此, 版纳伞虎(Ptychozoon bannaense)转移至壁虎属, 即Gekko bannaense, 而其物种中文名保持不变。Cheng等(2021)结合分子和形态数据, 支持Purkayastha等(2018)的结论, 确认我国原异色蛇属(Xenchrophis)物种均隶属于Fowlea属, 而我国并无异色蛇属分布, Fowlea属的中文名则沿用惯用名称“渔游蛇属”。

另依据最新研究, 移除滇西蛇属(Atretium)在我国的分布纪录。Cheng等(2021)确认分布于我国云南的滇西蛇(Atretium yunnanensis)嵌于渔游蛇属(Fowlea)内部, 且其属征不明显, 故将其转移至渔游蛇属, 即Fowlea yunnanensis, 本研究采纳其观点, 涉及物种的中文名保持不变(表2)。

2.1.2 种级分类变动(表3-5; 附录2, 附录3)

表3   自2008年以来云南省新增爬行动物物种。物种描述时间/恢复有效性时间在2008年之前但未被《云南两栖爬行动物》(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)收录的, 属于“遗漏物种”; 而描述时间/恢复有效性时间在2008年及以后的, 属于“新描述物种”和“新恢复有效性物种”。

Table 3  New records of reptiles of Yunnan Province comparing to the book, Amphibia and Reptilia of Yunnan, by Yang & Rao (2008). For species that were described or resurrected before the publication of Amphibia and Reptilia of Yunnan in 2008, they were considered as “neglected records”; for any species that were described or resurrected after 2008, they were considered as either “new species” or “newly resurrected species”, respectively.

新纪录类型
Record type

Family
中文名
Chinese
common name
学名
Scientific name
分布区
Distribution
备注
Comment
文献
Literature
2008年后新描述物种
New species described
after 2008
鬣蜥科
Agamidae
刘氏棘蜥Acanthosaura liui滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
原记录丽棘蜥(Acanthosaura lepidogaster)
的滇东南种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Acanthosaura lepidogaster in southeastern Yunnan
Liu et al, 2020a
鬣蜥科
Agamidae
铜壁关棘蜥Acanthosaura tongbiguanensis滇西
Western Yunnan
原记录丽棘蜥(Acanthosaura lepidogaster)
的滇西种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Acanthosaura
lepidogaster
in western Yunnan
Liu & Rao, 2019
闪皮蛇科Xenodermidae
屏边脊蛇Achalinus pingbianensis滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
Li et al, 2020
闪皮蛇科Xenodermidae杨氏脊蛇Achalinus yangdatongi滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
Hou et al, 2021a
蝰科
Viperidae
白头蝰Azemiops kharini滇南
Southern Yunnan
原记录Azemiops feae的滇中种群为该
种误定 Previously misidentified as Azemiops feae in central Yunnan
Orlov et al, 2013
眼镜蛇科
Elapidae
素贞环蛇Bungarus suzhenae滇西
Western Yunnan
原记录银环蛇(Bungarus multicinctus)
的滇西种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Bungarus
multicinctus
in western Yunnan
Chen et al, 2021b
两头蛇科
Calamariidae
贡山两头蛇Calamaria andersoni滇西
Western Yunnan
Yang & Zheng, 2018
壁虎科Gekkonidae镇康裸趾虎Cyrtodactylus zhenkangensis滇西
Western Yunnan
Liu & Rao, 2021a
壁虎科Gekkonidae滇西裸趾虎Cyrtodactylus dianxiensis滇西
Western Yunnan
原记录卡西裸趾虎(Cyrtodactylus khasiensis)的误定 Previously misidentified as Cyrtodactylus khasiensisLiu & Rao, 2021c
壁虎科Gekkonidae古林箐裸趾虎Cyrtodactylus gulinqingensis滇南
Southern Yunnan
Liu S et al, 2021b
壁虎科Gekkonidae河口裸趾虎Cyrtodactylus hekouensis滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
Zhang YP et al, 2021
壁虎科Gekkonidae成都壁虎Gekko cib滇东北 North-
eastern Yunnan
原蹼趾壁虎(Gekko subpalmatus)的误定
Previously misidentified as Gekko subpalmatus
Lyu et al, 2021; 本研究 Present study
新纪录类型
Record type

Family
中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
分布区
Distribution
备注
Comment
文献
Literature
2008年后新描述物种
New species described
after 2008
水游蛇科Natricidae维西腹链蛇Hebius weixiensis滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
原滇西北黑带腹链蛇(Hebius bitaeniatum)的误定 Previously misidentified as Hebius bitaeniatum in northwestern YunnanHou SB et al, 2021b
壁虎科Gekkonidae竹塘乡半叶趾虎Hemiphyllodactylus zhutangxiangensis滇南
Southern Yunnan
Agung et al, 2021
游蛇科Colubridae沃氏过树蛇Dendrelaphis vogeli滇南
Southern Yunnan
Jiang et al, 2020
鬣蜥科Agamidae敖闰龙蜥Diploderma aorun滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
原记录草绿龙蜥(Diploderma flaviceps)的金沙江部分种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Diploderma flaviceps in the Jinsha Valley in northwestern YunnanWang et al, 2021a
鬣蜥科Agamidae短尾龙蜥Diploderma brevicauda滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
原记录草绿龙蜥(Diploderma flaviceps)的金沙江部分种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Diploderma flaviceps in the Jinsha Valley in northwestern YunnanManthey et al, 2012
鬣蜥科Agamidae丽喉龙蜥Diploderma formosgulae滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
原记录草绿龙蜥(Diploderma flaviceps)的金沙江部分种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Diploderma flaviceps in the Jinsha Valley in northwestern YunnanWang et al, 2021b
鬣蜥科Agamidae翡翠龙蜥Diploderma iadinum滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
原记录草绿龙蜥(Diploderma flaviceps)的澜沧江部分种群为该种误定 Previously recorded as Diploderma flaviceps in the Lancang Valley in northwestern YunnanWang K et al, 2016, 2019b
鬣蜥科Agamidae勐海龙蜥Diploderma menghaiense滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
原记录云南龙蜥(Diploderma yunnanense)的滇南种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Diploderma yunnanense in southern YunnanLiu et al, 2020b
鬣蜥科Agamidae麒麟龙蜥Diploderma qilin滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
原记录草绿龙蜥(Diploderma flaviceps)的金沙江部分种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Diploderma flaviceps in the Jinsha Valley in northwestern YunnanWang et al, 2021a
鬣蜥科Agamidae贡山龙蜥Diploderma slowinskii滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
原记录丽纹龙蜥(Diploderma splendidum)和裸耳龙蜥(D. dymondi)的滇西北怒江流域种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Diploderma splendidum and D. dymondi in the Nu Valley in northwestern YunnanRao et al, 2017
鬣蜥科Agamidae帆背龙蜥Diploderma vela滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
原记录草绿龙蜥(Diploderma flaviceps)的澜沧江部分种群为该种误定
Previously misidentified as Diploderma flaviceps in the Lancang Valley in northwestern Yunnan
Wang et al, 2015, 2019b
鬣蜥科Agamidae玉龙龙蜥Diploderma yulongense滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
原记录草绿龙蜥(Diploderma flaviceps)的金沙江部分种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Diploderma flaviceps in the Jinsha Valley in northwestern YunnanManthey et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2017
壁虎科Gekkonidae版纳伞虎Gekko bannaense滇南
Southern Yunnan
Wang YY et al, 2016
壁虎科Gekkonidae金江壁虎Gekko jinjiangensis滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
原多疣壁虎(Gekko japonicus)滇西北横断山的纪录为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Gekko japonicus in northwestern YunnanHou YM et al, 2021
游蛇科Colubridae蓝眼绿锦蛇Gonyosoma coeruleum滇南、滇中、滇东南、滇西
Southern, central, southeastern, and western Yunnan
原绿锦蛇(Gonyosoma prasinum)的误定
Previously misidentified as Gonyosoma prasinum
Liu S et al, 2021a
水游蛇科Natricidae盐边腹链蛇Hebius yanbianensis滇中
Central Yunnan
Liu et al, 2018; 本研究 Present study
游蛇科Colubridae锯纹白环蛇Lycodon serratus滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
Wang et al, 2021c
新纪录类型
Record type

Family
中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
分布区
Distribution
备注
Comment
文献
Literature
2008年后新描述物种
New species described
after 2008
游蛇科Colubridae贡山白环蛇Lycodon gongshan滇西
Western Yunnan
原双全白环蛇(Lycodon fasciatus)滇西部分种群的误定 Previously misidentified as Lycodon fasciatus in western YunnanVogel & Luo, 2011; Guo et al, 2015b
游蛇科Colubridae东川白环蛇Lycodon synaptor滇东北 North-
eastern Yunnan
Vogel & David, 2010
钝头蛇科Pareidae贡山钝头蛇Pareas vindumi滇西
Western Yunnan
Vogel, 2015; Yang et al, 2021
钝头蛇科Pareidae伯仲钝头蛇Pareas geminatus滇南
Southern Yunnan
原缅甸钝头蛇(Pareas hamptoni)滇南种群的误定 Previously misidentified as Pareas hamptoni in southern YunnanDing et al, 2020
钝头蛇科Pareidae勐腊钝头蛇Pareas menglaensis滇南
Southern Yunnan
原记录棱鳞钝头蛇(Pareas carinatus)为该种的误定 Previously misidentified as Pareas carinatusWang P et al, 2020
钝头蛇科Pareidae黑顶钝头蛇Pareas nigriceps滇中
Central Yunnan
Guo & Deng, 2009
钝头蛇科Pareidae雪林钝头蛇Pareas xuelinensis滇南
Southern Yunnan
Liu & Rao, 2021b
蝰科
Viperidae
盈江竹叶青蛇Popeia yingjiangensis滇西
Western Yunnan
原记录白唇竹叶青蛇(Trimeresurus albolabris)的滇西种群为该种误定
Previously misidentified as Trimeresurus albolabris in western Yunnan
Chen et al, 2019
水游蛇科Natricidae线纹溪蛇Smithophis linearis滇西
Western Yunnan
Vogel et al, 2020a
食螺蛇科Dipsadidae香格里拉温泉蛇Thermophis shangrila滇西北 North-
western Yunnan
Peng et al, 2014
蝰科
Viperidae
饰尾竹叶青蛇Trimeresurus caudornatus滇西
Western Yunnan
原记录白唇竹叶青蛇(Trimeresurus albolabris)的滇西种群为该种误定
Previously misidentified as Trimeresurus albolabris in western Yunnan
Chen et al, 2020
蝰科
Viperidae
滇南竹叶青蛇Trimeresurus guoi滇南
Southern Yunnan
原记录白唇竹叶青蛇(Trimeresurus albolabris)的滇南种群为该种误定
Previously misidentified as Trimeresurus albolabris in southern Yunnan
Chen et al, 2021a
水游蛇科Natricidae景东华游蛇Trimerodytes yapingi滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
Guo et al, 2019
遗漏物种Previously neglected records
闪皮蛇科Xenodermidae美姑脊蛇Achalinus meiguensis滇东北 North-
eastern Yunnan
寇治通和王晓佳, 2003
鬣蜥科Agamidae横纹龙蜥Diploderma fasciatum滇东北、滇东南
Northeastern and southeastern Yunnan
四川龙蜥(Diploderma szechwanense)为横纹龙蜥的次定同物异名 Previously misidentified as Diploderma szechwanense, which is a junior synonym of D. fasciatum王剀等, 2019; Ota, 2000; Wang et al, in press
壁虎科Gekkonidae缅北蜥虎Hemidactylus aquilonius滇西
Western Yunnan
原滇西的原尾蜥虎(Hemidactylus bowringii)应是缅北蜥虎的误定 Previously misidentified as Hemidactylus bowringii in western YunnanMcMahan & Zug, 2007
游蛇科Colubridae南方链蛇Lycodon meridionalis滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
原记录黄链蛇(Lycodon flavozonatus)滇东南种群的误定 Previously recorded as Lycodon flavozonatus in southeastern YunnanOrlov & Ryabov, 2004; 罗键等, 2010
巨蜥科Varanidae暗影巨蜥Varanus nebulosus滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
原记录越南巨蜥(V. vietnamensis)为该种的次定同物异名 The previously recorded species Varanus vietnamensis is a junior synonym of V. nebulosusBöhme & Ziegler, 1997; Böhme, 2003
水游蛇科Natricidae黄斑渔游蛇Fowlea flavipunctatus滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
原记录渔游蛇(Fowlea piscator)滇东南种群的误定 Previously misidentified as Fowlea piscator in southeastern YunnanVogel & David, 2006, 2012
新恢复有效性种 Newly resurrected species壁虎科Gekkonidae黑疣大壁虎Gekko reevesii滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
原大壁虎(Gekko gecko)滇东南种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Gekko gecko in southeastern YunnanRösler et al, 2011; Qin et al, 2012
新纪录类型
Record type

Family
中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
分布区
Distribution
备注
Comment
文献
Literature
新恢复有效性种 Newly resurrected species水游蛇科Natricidae克氏腹链蛇Hebius clerki滇西
Western Yunnan
原记录双带腹链蛇(Hebius parallelum)的误定 Previously misidentified as Hebius parallelumDavid et al, 2015
水游蛇科Natricidae腾冲腹链蛇Hebius septemlineatus滇西
Western Yunnan
原滇西南八线腹链蛇(Hebius octolineatum)的误定 Previously misidentified as Hebius octolineatum in southwestern YunnanHou et al, 2021b
钝头蛇科Pareidae克钦钝头蛇Pareas andersonii滇西
Western Yunnan
原横纹钝头蛇(Pareas margaritophorus)的滇西种群为该种的误定 Previously misidentified as Pareas margaritophorus in western YunnanVogel et al, 2020b
钝头蛇科Pareidae横斑钝头蛇Pareas macularius滇南、滇东南
Southern and southeastern Yunnan
原横纹钝头蛇(Pareas margaritophorus)的滇南、滇东南种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Pareas margaritophorus in southern and southeastern YunnanVogel et al, 2020b
新恢复有效性且提升亚种Resurrected and then elevated from subspecies status游蛇科Colubridae沙坝白环蛇Lycodon chapaensis滇西、滇南、滇东南 Western, southern, and southeastern Yunnan原记录白链蛇(Lycodon septentrionalis)的误定 Previously misidentified as Lycodon septentrionalis in YunnanWang et al, 2021c
亚种提升Elevated from subspecies status钝头蛇科Pareidae昆明钝头蛇Pareas niger滇中、滇东南
Central and southeastern Yunnan
原记录中国钝头蛇(Pareas chinensis)的昆明种群为该种误定; 此外蒙自钝头蛇(P. mengziensis)为该种的次定同物异名
Previously misidentified as Pareas chinensis in Kunming; P. mengziensis is a junior synonym of P. niger
Liu & Rao, 2021b
钝头蛇科Pareidae云南钝头蛇Pareas yunnanensis滇中
Central Yunnan
原纪录中国钝头蛇(Pareas chinensis)的大理种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Pareas chinensis in DaliGuo et al, 2020; Liu & Rao, 2021b
眼镜蛇科Elapidae云南环蛇Bungarus wanghaotingi滇中、滇南、滇东南 Central, southern, and southeastern Yunnan原记录银环蛇(Bungarus multicinctus)的大部分种群为该种的误定 Most previously identified populations of Bungarus multicinctus in Yunnan are B. wanghaotingiChen et al, 2021b
壁虎科Gekkonidae昌宁半叶趾虎Hemiphyllodactylus changningensis滇西
Western Yunnan
原云南半叶趾虎昌宁亚种(Hemiphylodactylus yunnanensis changningensis)的提升 Elevated from subspecies H. yunnanensis changningensisGuo WB et al, 2015
壁虎科Gekkonidae金平半叶趾虎Hemiphyllodactylus jinpingensis滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
原云南半叶趾虎金平亚种(Hemiphylodactylus yunnanensis jinpingensis)的提升 Elevated from subspecies H. yunnanensis jinpingensisGrismer et al, 2013
壁虎科Gekkonidae龙陵半叶趾虎Hemiphyllodactylus longlingensis滇西
Western Yunnan
原云南半叶趾虎龙陵亚种(Hemiphylodactylus yunnanensis longlingensis)的提升 Elevated from subspecies H. yunnanensis longlingensisGrismer et al, 2013
眼镜蛇科Elapidae孟加拉眼镜蛇Naja kaouthia全省大部分地区
Most parts of Yunnan
原记录眼镜蛇孟加拉亚种(Naja naja kaouthia)的提升 Elevated from subspecies Naja naja kaouthia赵尔宓, 2006
新纪录类型
Record type

Family
中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
分布区
Distribution
备注
Comment
文献
Literature
亚种提升Elevated from subspecies status蝰科
Viperidae
台湾烙铁头蛇Ovophis makazayazaya滇中、滇东南、滇东北 Central, southeastern, and northeastern Yunnan原山烙铁头蛇台湾亚种(Ovophis monticola makazayazaya)的提升; 除高黎贡山种群外, 原记录山烙铁头蛇的种群为该种的误定 Elevated from subspecies Ovophis monticola makazayazaya; previously misidentified as O. monticola in Yunnan (except in the Gaoligong Mountains in western Yunnan)Malhotra et al, 2011; 郭鹏个人通讯, 2022
蝰科
Viperidae
察隅烙铁头蛇Ovophis zayuensis滇西
Western Yunnan
原山烙铁头蛇察隅亚种(Ovophis monticola zayuensis)的提升; 原记录山烙铁头蛇的高黎贡山种群为该种的误定 Elevated from subspecies Ovophis monticola zayuensis; previously misidentified as O. monticola from Gaoligong Mountains in western Yunnan赵尔宓, 1995, 2006; Gumprecht et al, 2004; Malhotra et al, 2011; 郭鹏个人通讯, 2022
水游蛇科Natricidae北方颈槽蛇Rhabdophis helleri滇西、滇中、滇南、滇东南、滇东北
Western, central, parts of southern, southeastern, and northeastern Yunnan
原红脖颈槽蛇北方亚种(Rhabdophis subminiatus helleri)的提升; 原记录红脖颈槽蛇在滇西、滇中、滇东南和部分滇南的种群为该种误定 Elevated from subspecies Rhabdophis subminiatus helleri; previously misidentified as R. subminiatus in western, central, southeastern, and parts of southern YunnanLiu Q et al, 2021
水游蛇科Natricidae泰国颈槽蛇Rhabdophis siamensis滇南部分区域
Parts of southern Yunnan
原红脖颈槽蛇泰国亚种(Rhabdophis subminiatus siamensis)的提升; 原记录红脖颈槽蛇滇南的部分种群为该种误定
Elevated from subspecies Rhabdophis subminiatus siamensis; previously misidentified as R. subminiatus in parts of southern Yunnan
David & Vogel, 2021; Liu Q et al, 2021
已知种新纪录 New records of recognized species游蛇科Colubridae泰国林蛇Boiga siamensis滇西
Western Yunnan
Huang et al, 2021
鬣蜥科Agamidae伊江树蜥Calotes irawadi滇西
Western Yunnan
原记录变色树蜥(Calotes versicolor)的滇西种群为该种误定 Previously misidentified as Calotes versicolor in western YunnanLiu S et al, 2021c
地龟科Geoemydidae欧氏摄龟Cyclemys oldhami滇西、滇南
Western and southern Yunnan
原齿缘摄龟(Cyclemys dentata)纪录为该种的误定; 滇南摄龟(C. tiannanensis)是该种的次定同物异名 Previously misidentified as Cyclemys dentata; the previously recorded C. tiannanensis is a junior synonym of C. oldhami周婷和李丕鹏, 2013
壁虎科Gekkonidae瓦氏裸趾虎Cyrtodactylus wayakonei滇南
Southern Yunnan
袁思棋和饶定齐, 2011
游蛇科Colubridae银山过树蛇Dendrelaphis ngansonensis滇西
Western Yunnan
原记录过树蛇(Dendrelaphis pictus)的误定 Previously misidentified as Dendrelaphis pictusJiang et al, 2020
鬣蜥科Agamidae沙坝龙蜥Diploderma chapaense滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
原记录草绿龙蜥(Diploderma flaviceps)在大理云龙的种群, 以及云南龙蜥(D. yunnanense)景东的种群为该种误定
Previously misidentified as Diploderma flaviceps in Dali and as D. yunnanense in Jingdong
Wang et al, 2018; 王剀等, 2019
水游蛇科Natricidae沙坝腹链蛇Hebius chapaensis滇东南、滇南
Southeastern and southern Yunnan
Ren et al, 2018; 任金龙个人通讯, 2021
游蛇科Colubridae菱斑小头蛇Oligodon catenatus滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
何疆海和饶定齐, 2009
游蛇科Colubridae束纹小头蛇Oligodon fasciolatus滇南 Southern Yunnan原记录管状小头蛇(Oligodon cyclurus)的误定 Previously misidentified as Oligodon cyclurus张君等, 2011
新纪录类型
Record type

Family
中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
分布区
Distribution
备注
Comment
文献
Literature
已知种新纪录 New records of recognized species游蛇科Colubridae条纹小头蛇Oligodon hamptoni滇西
Western Yunnan
Lee et al, 2021
游蛇科Colubridae泰北小头蛇Oligodon joynsoni滇南
Southern Yunnan
Jiang et al, 2012
闪皮蛇科Xenodermidae老挝拟须唇蛇Parafimbrios lao滇南
Southern Yunnan
Cai et al, 2020
蝰科
Viperidae
坡普竹叶青蛇Popeia popeorum滇南
Southern Yunnan
Guo et al, 2015a
蝰科
Viperidae
冈氏竹叶青蛇Viridovipera gumprechti滇南
Southern Yunnan
Guo et al, 2009
斜鳞蛇科Pseudoxeno-
dontidae
纹尾斜鳞蛇Pseudoxenodon stejnegeri滇东北 North-
eastern Yunnan
李操等, 2009
眼镜蛇科Elapidae福建华珊瑚蛇Sinomicrurus kelloggi滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
孙国政等, 2015; 王德青等, 2015
游蛇科Colubridae尖喙蛇Gonyosoma boulengeri滇东南 South-
eastern Yunnan
杨典成等, 2018

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表4   存疑保留的云南省爬行动物分布纪录。具体存疑原因讨论见附录2, 部分纪录标本照片见附录3。

Table 4  Retained suspicious records of reptile species in Yunnan. Detailed explanations and discussion see Appendix 2, and photos and morphological data of some of the corresponding voucher specimens see Appendix 3.

中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
存疑原因
Reason of
suspicion
存疑记录点
Suspicious distribution in
Yunnan
记录云南分布文献
Literature for the Yunnan record
辅助佐证文献
Literature supporting potential or suspicious distribution in Yunnan
广西林蛇Boiga guangxiensis近期名录新增, 却未提供标本依据、解释或分布范围; 但云南省周边区域有分布纪录 Recent addition by Sun and Gao (2016, 2017), which lacks voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination. However, there are confirmed distribution in adjacent regions未知 Unknown孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017赵尔宓等, 1998; 赵尔宓, 2006; Pham et al, 2020
银环蛇Bungarus multicinctus分类厘定后存在剩余种群, 尚未确认其具体分类地位 Taxonomic status of some previously identified populations of B. multicinctus in Yunnan remained unexamined after recent species revision滇东南 Southeastern Yunnan赵尔宓等, 1998; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008Chen et al, 2021b
变色树蜥Calotes versicolor分类厘定后存在剩余种群, 尚未确认其具体分类地位 Taxonomic status of some previously identified populations of C. versicolor in Yunnan remained unexamined after recent species revision滇东南Southeastern Yunnan赵尔宓等, 1999; 何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008;孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017Gowande et al, 2021
百色闭
壳龟
Cuora mccordi近期名录新增, 却未提供标本依据、解释或分布范围; 但云南省周边区域有分布纪录 Recent addition by Sun and Gao (2016, 2017), which lacks voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination. However, there are confirmed distribution in adjacent provinces/neighboring countries未知 Unknown何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017周婷和李丕鹏, 2013
周氏闭
壳龟
Cuora zhoui近期名录新增, 却未提供标本依据、解释或分布范围; 但云南省周边区域有分布纪录 Recent addition by Sun and Gao (2016, 2017), which lacks voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination. However, there are confirmed distribution in adjacent provinces/neighboring countries未知 Unknown何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017周婷和李丕鹏, 2013
泰国圆
斑蝰
Daboia siamensis近期名录新增, 却未提供标本依据、解释或分布范围; 但云南省周边区域有分布纪录 Recent addition by Sun and Gao (2016, 2017), which lacks voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination. However, there are confirmed distribution in adjacent provinces/neighboring countries未知 Unknown杨大同和饶定齐, 2008赵尔宓等, 1998; 赵尔宓, 2006; Thorpe et al, 2007
尖吻蝮Deinagkistrodon acutus近期名录新增, 却未提供标本依据、解释或分布范围; 但云南省周边区域有分布纪录 Recent addition by Sun and Gao (2016, 2017), which lacks voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination. However, there are confirmed distribution in adjacent provinces/neighboring countries未知 Unknown孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017赵尔宓等, 1998; 赵尔宓, 2006; Pham et al, 2017
百花锦蛇Elaphe moellendorffi近期名录新增, 却未提供标本依据、解释或分布范围; 但云南省周边区域有分布纪录 Recent addition by Sun and Gao (2016, 2017), which lacks voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination. However, there are confirmed distribution in adjacent provinces/neighboring countries未知 Unknown孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017赵尔宓等, 1998; 赵尔宓, 2006; Nguyen et al, 2009
鹰氏壁虎Gekko adleri近期名录新增, 却未提供标本依据、解释或分布范围; 但云南省周边区域有分布纪录 Recent addition by Sun and Gao (2016, 2017), which lacks voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination. However, there are confirmed distribution in adjacent provinces/neighboring countries未知 Unknown孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017Nguyen et al, 2013
中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
存疑原因
Reason of
suspicion
存疑记录点
Suspicious distribution in
Yunnan
记录云南分布文献
Literature for the Yunnan record
辅助佐证文献
Literature supporting potential or suspicious distribution in Yunnan
中国壁虎Gekko chinensis复合种的孤立纪录, 分类地位存疑 Allopatric records of a species that is known to be a complex; taxonomic status of the Yunnan populations remain unknown滇中、滇东北、滇南 Central, northeastern, and southern YunnanOta et al, 1995; 赵尔宓和杨大同, 1997; 何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; Nguyen et al, 2013Nguyen et al, 2009
灰腹绿
锦蛇
Gonyosoma frenatum近期名录新增, 却未提供标本依据、解释或分布范围; 但云南省周边区域有分布纪录 Recent addition by Sun and Gao (2016, 2017), which lacks voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination. However, there are confirmed distribution in adjacent provinces/neighboring countries未知 Unknown孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017Nguyen et al, 2009
白环蛇-
白枕白
环蛇复
合种
Lycodon auli-
cus-capucinus complex
物种有效性和物种界限不明确, 云南省种群分类地位不确定 Species validity and species boundary remain unknown of the two species; the taxonomic status of the Yunnan populations remain unknown滇西 Western YunnanWang et al, 2021c
黄链蛇Lycodon flavozonatus分类厘定后存在剩余种群, 尚未确认其具体分类
地位 Taxonomic status of some previously identified populations remained unexamined after recent species revision
滇西 Western Yunnan赵尔宓等, 1998; Orlov & Ryabov, 2004; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008
黄喉拟
水龟
Mauremys mutica先前纪录均未提供标本依据或解释; 但云南省周边区域有分布纪录 All previous records lack voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination; confirmed distribution in adjacent provinces/neighboring countries滇南 Southern YunnanWink et al, 2001; Spinks et al, 2004; 本研究 Present studyNguyen et al, 2009
乌龟Mauremys reevesii早期即有研究怀疑纪录有效性; 已有标本采集地点位于人口密集的市郊, 同时长期未有野生个体发现; 生物地理区系与乌龟确认分布区差异较大 Early studies have already questioned the validity of the record from Yunnan; all known vouchers were collected from heavily populated suburb, and no confirmed wild individuals have been collected; Yunnan is outside of the known zoogeographic distribution of the species滇中 Central YunnanWerner, 1924; Smith, 1935; 赵尔宓和杨大同, 1997; 张孟闻等, 1998; 何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008
舟山眼
镜蛇
Naja atra种级分类变动后缺乏针对性研究, 云南种群分类地位不明确 Taxonomic status of some previously identified populations remained unexamined after recent species revision未知 Unknown赵尔宓, 2006; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008
中国钝
头蛇
Pareas chinensis分类厘定后存在剩余种群, 尚未确认其具体分类地位 Taxonomic status of some previously identified populations remained unexamined after recent species revision滇东南 Southeastern Yunnan赵尔宓和杨大同, 1997; 赵尔宓等, 1998; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; Guo et al, 2020; Liu & Rao, 2021b
缅北原
矛头蝮
Protobothrops kaulbacki近期名录新增, 却未提供标本依据、解释或分布范围; 但云南省周边区域有分布纪录 Recent addition by Sun and Gao (2016, 2017), which lacks voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination; confirmed distribution in adjacent provinces/neighboring countries未知 Unknown孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017
喉褶蜥Ptyctolaemus gularis近期名录新增, 却未提供标本依据、解释或分布范围; 但云南省周边区域有分布纪录 Recent addition by Sun and Gao (2016, 2017), which lacks voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination; confirmed distribution in adjacent provinces/neighboring countries未知 Unknown孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017Schulte et al, 2004
中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
存疑原因
Reason of
suspicion
存疑记录点
Suspicious distribution in
Yunnan
记录云南分布文献
Literature for the Yunnan record
辅助佐证文献
Literature supporting potential or suspicious distribution in Yunnan
四眼斑
水龟
Sacalia quadriocellata近期名录新增, 但未提供标本依据、解释或分布范围; 核查后虽确有标本, 但标本采集地点位于人口密集的市郊, 同时之后长期未有野生个体发现
Recent addition by Sun and Gao (2016, 2017), which lacks voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination. Although we located a museum voucher from Kunming, but it was collected from a heavily populated suburb in recent years, and no wild individuals have been found since then
滇中 Central Yunnan孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017Nguyen et al, 2009
环纹华
游蛇
Trimerodytes aequifasciatus近期名录新增, 却未提供标本依据、解释或分布范围; 但云南省周边区域有分布纪录 Recent addition by Sun and Gao (2016, 2017), which lacks voucher information, distribution localities in Yunnan, and additional explaination. However, there are confirmed distribution in adjacent provinces/neighboring countries未知 Unknown孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017赵尔宓等, 1998; 赵尔宓, 2006; Nguyen et al, 2009

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表5   相比以往云南省爬行动物名录移除的爬行动物物种。具体移除原因的讨论见附录2和附录3。

Table 5  Removed records of reptile species comparing to previous checklists of reptilian fauna of Yunnan. For detailed explainations on the reasoning of removal, see Appendix 2 and 3.

中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
云南省报道记录文献
Literature that records
the species in Yunnan
移除原因
Reason of removal
备注
Comments
移除依据文献
Literature
supporting
the removal
亚洲鳖Amyda cartilagineaKuchling, 1995; 孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017云南最初报道所依据标本无确切产地, 邻国边境区域亦未有分布 The initial record lacks voucher specimens or detailed distribution in Yunnan; and it is not found in the bordering regions of neighboring countries同时移除该种在我国的分布 Remove the record of the species from ChinaKuchling, 1995; 张孟闻等, 1998; TTWG, 2021; 本研究 Present study
平头腹链蛇Herpetoreas platyceps杨大同和饶定齐, 2008云南标本形态与本种不符, 实为维西腹链蛇Hebius weixiensis的误定 Morphological characters of the Yunnan specimen contradict to the diagnosis of Herpetoreas platyceps but match the diagnosis of Hebius weixiensis车静等, 2020; 本研究 Present study
马来环蛇Bungarus candidusXie et al, 2018云南环蛇(Bungarus wanghaotingi)的误定
Misidentifications of B. wanghaotingi
同时移除该种在我国的分布 Remove the record of the species from ChinaChen et al, 2021b
马来闭壳龟Cuora amboinensisPope, 1935; 季维智, 1994; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008最初报道即无标本依据; 近期研究已否定该种在我国的分布 The initial record lacks voucher specimens; and recent studies have already removed the species from China同时移除该种在我国的分布 Remove the record of the species from China史海涛, 2011; 蔡波等, 2015
金头闭壳龟Cuora aurocapitataErnst, 1988; 张孟闻等, 1998最初报道即无标本依据, 且云南记录种群与已知确认种群异域分布, 已知分布区与云南相比生物地理区系差异较大 The initial record lacks voucher specimens; the recorded site in Yunnan is allopatric to the known distribution range of the species; and the Yunnan locality is in distinct zoogeographically from the confirmed range of C. aurocapitata周婷和李丕鹏, 2013; 本研究 Present study
潘氏闭壳龟Cuora paniErnst & McCord, 1987; McCord & Iverson, 1991; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; 周婷和李丕鹏, 2013; 孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017最初记录标本来自宠物贸易, 具体来源不明; 该种已知分布区与云南种群异域分布, 且生物地理区系差异较大 The initial voucher specimens were from pet trades without confirmed locality information; the Yunnan population is allopatric to the confirmed populations of the species; and the Yunnan locality is distinct zoogeographically from the confirmed range of C. pani本研究 Present study
齿缘摄龟Cyclemys dentata汤俊和宗愉, 1988; Kou, 1989; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; 孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017欧氏摄龟(C. oldhamii)的误定 Misidentification of C. oldhamii周婷和李丕鹏, 2013; 蔡波等, 2015
卡西裸趾虎Cyrtodactylus khasiensis赵尔宓等, 1999滇西裸趾虎(C. dianxiensis)的误定 Misidentification of C. dianxiensis同时移除该种在我国的分布 Remove the record of the species from ChinaGrismer et al, 2021; Liu & Rao, 2021c
草绿龙蜥Diploderma flaviceps赵尔宓和杨大同, 1997同属多种龙蜥的误定 Misidentifications of several species of DiplodermaManthey et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019b, 2021a, b
滑腹龙蜥Diploderma laeviventre孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017; Rao et al, 2017; 饶定齐, 2020误记 Misinterpretation of literatureWang et al, 2019b
多疣壁虎Gekko japonicus赵尔宓和杨大同, 1997; 何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; 孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017金江壁虎(G. jinjiangensis)和粗疣壁虎(G. scabridus)的误定 Misidentifications of G. jinjiangensis and G. scabridusHou YM et al, 2021; 本研究 Present study
短尾蝮Gloydius brevicauda何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002雪山蝮(G. monticola)的误定 Misidentification of G. monticola本研究 Present study
绿锦蛇Gonyosoma prasinumSmith, 1935; 何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008蓝眼绿锦蛇(G. coeruleum)的误定 Misidentification of G. coeruleumLiu S et al, 2021a
中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
云南省报道记录文献
Literature that records
the species in Yunnan
移除原因
Reason of removal
备注
Comments
移除依据文献
Literature
supporting
the removal
双带腹链蛇Hebius parallelum杨大同和饶定齐, 2008克氏腹链蛇(H. clerki)的误定 Misidentification of H. clerkiDavid et al, 2015
黑背白环蛇Lycodon ruhstrati郭克疾等, 2007同属其他物种的误定 Misidentifications of multiple congenersWang et al, 2021c
白链蛇Lycodon septentrionalis杨大同等, 1978; 赵尔宓和杨大同, 1997; 赵尔宓等, 1998; 赵尔宓, 2006; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008沙巴白环蛇(L. chapaensis)的误定 Misidentifications of L. chapaensisWang et al, 2021c
管状小头蛇Oligodon cyclurus黄祝坚, 1959; 寇治通, 1960; 赵尔宓和江耀明, 1966; 季维智, 1994; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008束纹小头蛇(O. fasciolatus)的误定 Misidentifications of O. fasciolatus张君等, 2011
四线小头蛇Oligodon taeniatus杨大同等, 1980; 赵尔宓等, 1998紫棕小头蛇(O. cinereus)的误定 Misidentifications of O. cinereus张君等, 2011
山烙铁头蛇Ovophis monticola赵尔宓和杨大同, 1997; 赵尔宓等, 1998; 何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; 孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017察隅烙铁头蛇(O. zayuensis)和台湾烙铁头蛇(O. makazayazaya)的误定 Misidentifications of O. zayuensis and O. makazayazayaMalhotra et al, 2011; 郭鹏个人通讯, 2022
棱鳞钝头蛇Pareas carinatus何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; 孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017勐腊钝头蛇(P. menglaensis)的误定 Misidentifications of P. menglaensis同时移除该种在我国的分布 Remove the record of the species from ChinaWang et al, 2020
老挝副后棱蛇Paratapinophis praemaxillaris赵尔宓等, 1998; 何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008景东华游蛇(Trimerodytes yapingi)的误定 Misidentifications of Trimerodytes yapingi同时移除该种在我国的分布 Remove the record of the species from China任金龙等, 2021
越南异鳞蜥Pseudocophotis kontumensis孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017最初纪录即无标本依据, 且该种已知分布区与云南生物地理区系差异较大 The initial record lacks voucher specimens; and the known distribution of the species is distinct from Yunnan zoogeographically同时移除该种在我国的分布 Remove the record of the species from ChinaAnanjeva et al, 2007; 本研究 Present study
红脖颈槽蛇Rhabdophis subminiatus赵尔宓和杨大同, 1997; 何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; 孙航和高正文, 2016, 2017北方颈槽蛇(R. helleri)和泰国颈槽蛇(R. siamensis)的误定 Misidentifications of R. helleri and R. siamensis同时移除该种在我国的分布 Remove the record of the species from ChinaDavid & Vogel, 2021; Liu Q et al, 2021

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与先前名录相比, 确认新增82种, 以存疑方式收录21种, 移除23种在云南省的分布纪录, 未采纳一项种级分类变动。

2.1.2.1 确认新增物种(表3)

本名录较2008年出版的《云南两栖爬行动物》(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)新增82种: 其中4种为《云南两栖爬行动物》的补遗, 即横纹龙蜥(Diploderma fasciatum) (Ota, 2000; Wang et al, in press)、缅北蜥虎(Hemidactylus aquilonius) (McMahan & Zug, 2007)、南方链蛇(Lycodon meridionalis) (Orlov & Ryabov, 2004; 罗键等, 2010)、暗影巨蜥(杨大同和刘万兆, 1994; Böhme & Ziegler, 1997); 3种为国内已记录物种在云南省的新纪录, 即福建华珊瑚蛇(Sinomicrurus kelloggi) (王德青等, 2015)、尖喙蛇(Gonyosoma boulengeri) (杨典成等, 2018)和纹尾斜鳞蛇(Pseudoxenodon stejnegeri) (李操等, 2009); 其余75种为2008年后描述的新物种、新恢复有效性的物种、新提升的亚种或已知种在国内的首次记录。

2.1.2.2 存疑分布纪录(表4; 附录2, 附录3)

以存疑方式收录21种。其中12种在近期名录/书籍中新增, 确有可能分布于云南, 但文献中未提供依据标本和/或云南省内具体分布范围, 即百色闭壳龟(Cuora mccordi)、周氏闭壳龟(C. zhoui)、黄喉拟水龟(Mauremys mutica)、喉褶蜥(Ptyctolaemus gularis)、鹰氏壁虎(Gekko adleri)、尖吻蝮(Deinagkistrodon acutus)、广西林蛇(Boiga guangxiensis)、百花锦蛇(Elaphe moellendorffi)、灰腹绿锦蛇(Gonyosoma frenatum)、环纹华游蛇(Trimerodytes aequifasciatus)、缅北原矛头蝮(Protobothrops kaulbacki)和泰国圆斑蝰(Daboia siamensis); 1种的分类地位存疑, 以复合种进行收录, 即白环蛇定为白环蛇-白枕白环蛇复合种(Lycodon aulicus-capucinus complex); 近期种级分类学变动后, 尚未完全解决物种分类问题的6种, 包括舟山眼镜蛇(Naja atra)、银环蛇(Bungarus multicinctus)、中国壁虎(Gekko chinensis)、中国钝头蛇(Pareas chinensis)、黄链蛇(Lycodon flavozonatus)和变色树蜥(Calotes versicolor); 有实体标本依据, 但标本来源不确定的2种, 即乌龟(Mauremys reevesii)和四眼斑水龟(Sacalia quadriocellata)。

2.1.3 未采纳种级分类变动

未采纳近期关于白唇树蜥(Calotes mystaceus)的种级分类变动。Wagner等(2021)将原白唇树蜥拆分为4种, 其中我国云南分布种群被厘定为一新种, 即Calotes goetzi。然而Wagner等(2021)的研究结果不仅未能解决白唇树蜥种组内支系间的关系, 其结果中支系间的分子遗传距离还随地理距离增加而渐增, 明显属于广布种内种群遗传结构; 同时, Wagner等(2021)提出的色斑鉴别特征在个体之间变异明显, 并不能将其“新种”与已知种进行区分。因此, 本研究认为Wagner等(2021)对白唇树蜥的分类厘定证据不足, 未采纳其结论。

2.1.4 移除已知物种的云南省分布纪录(表5, 附录2, 附录3)

由于最初报道缺乏实体标本依据、云南种群为孤立的异域分布且高度存疑, 本研究在此移除3种在云南的分布, 即金头闭壳龟(Cuora aurocapitata)、亚洲鳖(Amyda cartilaginea)和越南异鳞蜥(Pseudocophotis kontumensis)。

经核查标本, 移除5种在云南省的分布纪录。原蹼趾壁虎(Gekko subpalmatus)、多疣壁虎(G. japonicus)、短尾蝮(Gloydius brevicauda)、平头腹链蛇(Herpetoreas platyceps)和老挝副后棱蛇(Paratapinophis praemaxillaris)在云南报道的纪录为误定, 实际为成都壁虎(Gekko cib)、粗疣壁虎(G. scabridus)、雪山蝮(Gloydius monticola)、维西腹链蛇(Hebius weixiensis)以及景东华游蛇(Trimerodytes yapingi)的误定。

此外, 依据近年来已发表的研究结果(表5), 移除15种爬行动物在云南省的分布纪录, 包括马来环蛇(Bungarus candidus)、马来闭壳龟(Cuora amboinensis)齿缘摄龟(Cyclemys dentata)卡西裸趾虎(Cyrtodactylus khasiensis)、滑腹龙蜥(Diploderma laeviventre)、草绿龙蜥(D. flaviceps)、绿锦蛇(Gonyosoma prasinum)、双带腹链蛇(Hebius parallelum)、管状小头蛇(Oligodon cyclurus)、四线小头蛇(O. taeniatus)、山烙铁头蛇(Ovophis monticola)、棱鳞钝头蛇(Pareas carinatus)、黑背白环蛇(Lycodon ruhstrati)、白链蛇(L. septentrionalis)和红脖颈槽蛇(Rhabdophis subminiatus)。

2.2 云南省爬行动物区划(表6)

表6   云南省爬行动物地理区划概况

Table 6  Summary of zoogeographic division of Yunnan Province based on reptilian distributions

滇西北横断山区
Northwestern Hengduan
Mountains of Yunnan
滇西山地区
Western Hills
of Yunnan
滇南山地区
Southern Hills of Yunnan
滇东南山地区
Southeastern Hills
of Yunnan
滇中高原区
Northern and Central
Yunnan Plateau
滇东北山地区
Northeastern Hills
of Yunnan
范围描述
General range description
横断山主体, 西至怒山, 东至玉龙雪山, 南至云岭南端 Hengduan Mountains, west to Nu Mt., east to Yulong Mt., south to the southern range of Yunling Mt.北至滇藏交界, 南至帮马山-大雪山, 东北以怒山为界, 东南至无量山西侧 North to the Yunnan-Tibet border, south to Bangma-Daxue Mts., northeast to Nu Mt., and southeast to the west side of Wuliang Mt.帮马山-无量山-哀牢山构成的“∧”字形山系南侧的低海拔区域 South to the “∧” shaped range formed by Bangma, Wuliang, and Ailao Mts.无量山-哀牢山山系, 红河流域, 以及滇东南喀斯特地貌区
Wuliang-Ailao Mt. range, Honghe (=Red River) tributaries, and karst landscapes in southeastern Yunnan
苍山以东、哀牢山以北、药山/牛栏江以南的广大云南高原区域
The main Yunnan Plateau region that is east of Cang Mt., north of Ailao Mt., south of Yao Mt. and Niulan River
药山/牛栏江以北, 依托滇东北五连峰 North of Yao Mt. and Niulan River, coincide with Wulian Mt. in the northeast Yunnan
大致经纬度
范围 General range in longtitude and latitude
99º-101º E,
26.5º-29º N
97.5º-100.5º E, 23º-28.5º N99º-102º E, 21º-23.5º N100.5º-106º E, 22.5º-24.5º N99º-104.5º E,
24º-27º N
103º-105º E, 27º-28.5º N
滇西北横断山区
Northwestern Hengduan
Mountains of Yunnan
滇西山地区
Western Hills
of Yunnan
滇南山地区
Southern Hills of
Yunnan
滇东南山地区
Southeastern Hills
of Yunnan
滇中高原区
Northern and Central
Yunnan Plateau
滇东北山地区
Northeastern Hills
of Yunnan
对应行政区划单位 Corresponding political administrative regions迪庆藏族自治州、丽江市、以及大理白族自治州北部(剑川县、鹤庆县) Diqing, Lijiang, northern parts of Dali (Jianchuan, Heqing counties)怒江傈僳族自治州、德宏傣族景颇族自治州、保山市、大理白族自治州西南部(云龙县、永平县、巍山县)及临沧市
Nujiang, Dehong, Baoshan, southwestern Dali (Yunlong, Yongping, and Weishan counties), and Lincang
普洱市(除景东、景谷县)和西双版纳傣族自治州
Puer (except Jingdong and Jinggu counties) and Xishuangbanna
玉溪市南部(元江县)、红河哈尼族彝族自治州大部(除泸西县、弥勒县)、普洱市北部(景东、景谷县)、楚雄彝族自治州南部(双柏县)、文山壮族苗族自治州 Southern Yuxi (Yuanjiang County), Honghe (except Luxi and Mile counties), southern Chuxiong (Shuangbai County), northern Puer (Jingdong and Jinggu counties), and Wenshan大理市中、东部(洱源县、漾濞县、大理市、宾川县、祥云县、弥渡县)、楚雄彝族自治州中北部(除双柏县外所有县区)、昆明市、昭通市南部(巧家县)、玉溪市(峨山县以东、以北)、曲靖市以及红河哈尼族彝族自治州北部(泸西县、弥勒县) Central and eastern Dali (Eryuan, Yangbi, Dali City, Binchuan, Xiangyun, Midu counties), Chuxiong (except Shuangbai County), Kunming, southern Zhaotong (Qiaojia County), Yuxi (north and east of Eshan County), Qujing, and northern Honghe (Luxi and Mile counties)昭通市大部(除巧家县) Zhaotong (except Qiaojia County)
区域代表物种
Selected representative species of each region
翡翠龙蜥(Diploderma iadinum), 敖闰龙蜥(D. aorun), 麒麟龙蜥(D. qilin), 丽喉龙蜥(D. formosgulae), 玉龙龙蜥(D. yulongense), 短尾龙蜥(D. brevicauda), 帆背龙蜥(D. vela), 山滑蜥(Scincella monticola), 香格里拉温泉蛇(Thermophis shangrila), 雪山蝮(Gloydius monticola), 乡城原矛头蝮(Protobothrops xiangchengensis), 锯纹白环蛇(Lycodon serratus)铜壁关棘蜥(Acanthosaura tongbiguanensis), 伊江树蜥(Calotes irawadi), 绿背树蜥(C. jerdoni), 白唇树蜥(C. mystaceus), 西藏拟树蜥(Pseudocalotes kingdonwardi), 滇西裸趾虎(Cyrtodactylus dianxiensis), 盈江竹叶青蛇(Popeia yingjiangensis), 条纹小头蛇(Oligodon hamptoni), 察隅烙铁头蛇(Ovophis zayuensis), 喜山颈槽蛇(Rhabdophis himalayanus)凹甲陆龟(Manouria impressa), 版纳伞虎(Gekko bannaense), 勐海龙蜥(Diploderma menghaiense), 金花蛇(Chrysopelea ornata), 沃氏过树蛇(Dendrelaphis vogeli), 勐腊钝头蛇(Pareas menglaensis), 泰国颈槽蛇(Rhabdophis siamensis), 闪鳞蛇(Xenopeltis unicolor), 老挝拟须唇蛇(Parafimbrios lao), 滇南竹叶青蛇(Trimeresurus guoi)锯缘摄龟(Cuora mouhotii), 斑鳖(Rafetus swinhoei), 沙坝龙蜥(D. chapaense), 刘氏棘蜥(Acanthosaura liui), 屏边脊蛇(Achalinus pingbianensis), 景东华游蛇(Trimerodytes yapingi), 云南两头蛇(Calamaria yunnanensis)云南闭壳龟(Cuora yunnanensis), 昆明滑蜥(Scincella barbouri), 云南半叶趾虎(Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis), 裸耳龙蜥(Diploderma dymondi), 云南钝头蛇(Pareas yunnanensis), 八线腹链蛇(Hebius octolineatum), 盐边腹链蛇(H. yanbianensis), 东川白环蛇(Lycodon synaptor)成都壁虎(Gekko cib), 丽纹龙蜥(Diploderma splendidum), 黑脊蛇(Achalinus spinalis), 美姑脊蛇(A. meiguensis), 赤链蛇(Lycodon rufozonatus), 虎斑颈槽蛇(Rhabdophis tigrinus)

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云南省爬行动物区系以东洋界成分为主, 有221种, 占物种总数的94.0%; 少数物种为东洋-古北界广布, 有14种, 占6.0%; 无古北界物种(附录1)。

结合气候、自然地理和爬行动物组成特点, 将云南省爬行动物地理划分为6个动物地理区: 即滇西北横断山区(Northwestern Hengduan Mountains of Yunnan)、滇西山地区(Western Hills of Yunnan)、滇南山地区(Southern Hills of Yunnan)、滇东南山地区(Southeastern Hills of Yunnan)、滇中高原区(Northern and Central Yunnan Plateau)以及滇东北山地区(Northeastern Hills of Yunnan) (图1)。其中, 滇东北山地区和滇南山地区的划分与先前研究一致(何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008); 但本研究对滇西北横断山区、滇西山地区、滇中高原区和滇东南山地区的范围进行了调整。

图1

图1   云南省爬行动物地理区划示意图及区域关系。云南省气候带分布图摘自程建刚等(2009)。区域关系由物种分布相异度矩阵通过邻接法构建得出。左图爬行动物生物地理区的罗马数字代号与右图对应。

Fig. 1   Illustration of the zoogeographic division of Yunnan Province based on the data of reptile fauna, and the relationships among zoogeographic regions. The base map shows the climatic division of Yunnan, which was taken from Cheng et al, 2009. Regional relationships were inferred using Neighbor-joining method on the dissimilarity matrix of distribution data. The roman numerals in the left figure correspond to the same ones on the right.


就横断山区而言, 本研究以澜沧江-怒江生物地理分界线(Mekong Salween Divide) (Ward, 1921)为界, 将西部的怒江和独龙江流域从横断山区划入滇西山地区。澜沧江-怒江分界线两侧的物种组成和种群基因结构差异显著, 是藏东-横断山物种区系的分界线(Geissmann et al, 2011; Päckert et al, 2012; Luo et al, 2017)。从爬行动物区系看, 界线以西的区系成分与藏东南和缅甸的区系成分接近, 多为热带-亚热带林地型物种, 而界线以东的物种则为典型的横断山成分, 或为高原物种, 或为干热河谷物种(表6)。

就滇西山地区、滇中高原区和滇东南山地区而言, 先前研究将哀牢山和无量山或划入滇西山地区(何晓瑞和周希琴, 2002), 或划入滇中高原区(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)。然而不论是栖息地环境(哀牢山-无量山以湿润的季风常绿阔叶林为主; 滇西山地以热带季雨林为主, 滇中高原以干燥的针叶林和针阔叶混交林为主; 姜汉侨, 1980)还是物种组成(哀牢山-无量山为热带、亚热带物种; 滇西物种成分接近藏东南和缅甸掸邦高原(Shan Plateau); 滇中高原则以云贵高原物种为主), 哀牢山和无量山都与滇西山地、滇中高原差异巨大。相比而言, 哀牢山-无量山系与滇东南的黄连山系自然衔接, 栖息地生境和物种成分更为接近, 因此本研究将哀牢山和无量山所在区域划归入滇东南山地区(表6)。

以邻接法构建的区域关系显示滇中高原区与滇东北山地区关系接近, 而滇南山地区与滇东南山地区关系更为接近(图1)。

2.3 云南省爬行动物分布特点和濒危现状(表7)

表7   云南省爬行动物物种的分布及物种属性统计。不同比例的计算均相对于对应物种集或生物地理区的物种总数。不同动物地理区的统计数据不包括存疑分布物种(存疑物种名录见表4)。“/”表示不适用。受威胁物种信息参照《中国生物多样性红色名录•脊椎动物(第三卷): 爬行动物》(王跃招等, 2021)。受威胁物种比例指相对于已评估濒危等级物种总数; 其余比例则均相对于对应区域的物种总数。

Table 7  Zoogeographic division of Yunnan Province based on reptile fauna and the associated statistics on species distributions and certain characteristics of species (i.e. endemism, conservation and protection status, and type locality information). Each of the percentage calculation is relative to the total number of species in the specific subset or specific zoogeographic region. The statistics of each zoogeographic region do not include questionable records retained in our study (see Table 4 for details). “/” indicates not applicable. The threatened species information follows China’s Red List of Biodiversity•Vertebrates (Vol. III): Reptiles by Wang YZ et al (2021). Percentage of threatened species is relative to the total number of assessed species; and all remaining percentages are relative to the total number of species in each corresponding category/region.

云南省
总数 Total
number of Yunnan
国内仅见
于云南
Only found
in Yunnan
in China
云南特有
Endemic
to Yunnan
动物地理区 Zoogeographic regions
滇西北横
断山区
Northwestern Hengduan Mountains of Yunnan
滇西山地区
Western
Hills of
Yunnan
滇南山地区
Southern Hills
of Yunnan
滇东南山
地区
Southeastern Hills of
Yunnan
滇中高原区
Northern and
Central Yunnan Plateau
滇东北山
地区
Northeastern Hills of
Yunnan
科 Family2500111923211512
属 Genus8250205666583619

Species
龟鳖目Testudines1631049741
蜥蜴亚目Lacertilia72291611272325135
蛇亚目
Serpentes
1474513216668603821
总数 Total number23577303397100925427
云南特有物种数量
Endemic species of Yunnan
30--784750
特有物种所占比例
Percentage of endemic species
13%--21%8%4%8%9%0%
国内仅见于云南
Species only found in Yunnan in China
75--735291950
仅见于云南物种所占
比例 Percentage of the species only found in Yunnan in China
33%--21%36%29%21%9%0%
中国红色名录已评估濒危等级物种数量 Number of species assessed for conservation status by China’s Red List1924012268089815026
受威胁物种数量
Threatened species
661627283731174
受威胁比例 Percentage of threatened species34%40%17%27%35%42%38%34%15%
保护物种数量 Protected species listed by the List of Wild Animals under State Protection2893412161580
保护物种占比 Percentage of protected species12%12%11%13%12%16%16%15%0%
模式产地在该区域的物种数 Species with type locality in corresponding regions62463013221516152
模式产地在该区域物种
比例 Percentage of species with type locality in corresponding regions
26%60%-41%23%15%17%28%7%

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云南省爬行动物物种丰富, 但物种多样性在纬度空间的分布并不均匀, 随纬度升高, 物种多样性逐渐减少, 多样性集中分布于南部低纬度、水热条件充沛的滇西山地、滇南山地和滇东南山地3个地理区(表7)。这样的分布格局可以由年平均最低气温、年降水量等反映温度、湿度特征的环境指标来解释, 侧面反映了爬行动物依赖外界环境、喜暖湿而惧干冷的基础生物学特性(于晓东等, 2005)。受威胁物种和受保护物种的分布格局与整体多样性分布格局类似, 主要集中分布于南部的3个地理区(表7)。

云南省非特有但国内仅见于云南的物种以及特有物种占比较高(77种国内仅见于云南省, 占全省已知物种总数的33%; 30种为云南省特有, 占全省已知物种总数的13%): 其中蜥蜴亚目特有物种的占比最高(16种, 占云南蜥蜴物种总数的22%),而蛇亚目特有物种占比较低(13种, 9%); 龟鳖目仅有1种为云南特有, 占龟鳖目总物种数的6%。分类上, 国内仅见于云南省的物种和云南省特有物种主要集中于龙蜥属(Diploderma)和钝头蛇属(Pareas);而从生物地理区划上, 云南省的特有物种则多集中于滇西北横断山区, 国内仅见于云南省的物种则集中于滇南山地区(表7)。

共62种爬行动物的模式产地位于云南省内, 其中蜥蜴亚目物种中模式产地位于云南的占比最高(28种, 占云南省蜥蜴物种总数的39%), 其次为蛇亚目(33种, 22%)和龟鳖目(1种, 6%)。就模式产地的空间分布而言, 尽管云南爬行动物多样性集中于滇南的暖湿边境区域, 但滇西北横断山却是物种模式产地比例最高的地理区(13个物种模式产地位于该地理区, 占该区物种总数的41%) (表7)。

云南省爬行动物受威胁比例与全国总体水平相近, 约34%的已评估物种为受威胁物种, 远高于我国哺乳动物和鸟类的平均受威胁物种比例(蒋志刚等, 2016; Wang et al, 2021d), 而仅见于云南的爬行动物物种的受威胁比例更高, 约40%。此外, 大量近期描述的新物种尚未开展濒危等级评估(38种, 占云南省物种总数的16%; 表3), 其受威胁等级和种群生存状态亦缺乏研究。已评估的受威胁物种和国家级重点保护物种集中分布于南部的3个动物地理区, 其中滇南山地区物种受威胁比例最高、国家级保护物种数量最多(表7, 表8)。

表8   《国家重点保护野生动物名录》更新后云南省分布的国家重点保护爬行动物。巨蜥科整科列入国家I级保护, 因此名录中未以物种形式具体列出、曾被视为孟加拉巨蜥(Varanus bengalensis)次定同物异名的伊江巨蜥(V. irrawadicus)和暗影巨蜥(V. nebulosus), 其保护等级也定为I级, 在此以*标注。“分布范围”一列中的“?”表示省内的分布存疑(详见附录2讨论)。林草: 林业和草原局; 渔政: 渔业渔政管理局。

Table 8  Nationally protected reptilian species of Yunnan Province based on the updated List of Wild Animals under Special State Protection in China (LWASSP). For Varanus irrawadicus and V. nebulosus that are not listed as individual species in the LWASSP, because the entire family has been included as Class I protected, therefore the protection status of the two species were treated as Class I, which is indicated by “*”. “?” indicates questionable distribution of the species in Yunnan (see detailed discussion in Appendix 2). Forestry: National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Fishery: Fishery Administration of the Ministry of Agriculturae and Rural Affairs.

中文名
Chinese common
name
学名
Scientific name
保护等级
National protection level
云南省内分布范围
Distribution in Yunnan Province
主管部门
Responsible administrative department
百色闭壳龟Cuora mccordiII滇东南 Southeastern Yunnan (?)渔政 Fishery
锯缘闭壳龟Cuora mouhotiiII滇东南 Southeastern Yunnan渔政 Fishery
云南闭壳龟Cuora yunnanensisII滇中 Central Yunnan渔政 Fishery
周氏闭壳龟Cuora zhouiII滇东南 Southeastern Yunnan (?)渔政 Fishery
欧氏摄龟Cyclemys oldhamiII滇西, 滇南 Western and southern Yunnan渔政 Fishery
地龟Geoemyda spengleriII滇西, 滇南 Western and southern Yunnan渔政 Fishery
乌龟Mauremys reevesiiII滇中 Central Yunnan (?)渔政 Fishery
黄喉拟水龟Mauremys muticaII滇南 Southern Yunnan (?)渔政 Fishery
Pelochelys cantoriiI滇南, 滇东南 Southern and southeastern Yunnan渔政 Fishery
山瑞鳖Palea steindachneriII滇南, 滇东南 Southern and southeastern Yunnan渔政 Fishery
平胸龟Platysternon megacephalumII滇西, 滇南, 滇东南 Western, southern, and southeastern Yunnan渔政 Fishery
斑鳖Rafetus swinhoeiI滇东南 Southeastern Yunnan渔政 Fishery
四眼斑水龟Sacalia quadriocellataII滇中 Central Yunnan (?)渔政 Fishery
缅甸陆龟Indotestudo elongataI滇西, 滇南 Western and southern Yunnan林草 Forestry
凹甲陆龟Manouria impressaI滇南, 滇东南 Southern and southeastern Yunnan林草 Forestry
香格里拉温泉蛇Thermophis shangrilaI滇西北 Northwestern Yunnan林草 Forestry
伊江巨蜥Varanus irrawadicusI*滇西 Western Yunnan林草 Forestry
暗影巨蜥Varanus nebulosusI*滇东南 Southeastern Yunnan林草 Forestry
圆鼻巨蜥Varanus salvatorI滇西, 滇南, 滇东南 Western, Southern, and Southeastern Yunnan林草 Forestry
三索锦蛇Coelognathus radiatusII除滇西北和滇东北外广布 Widely distributed except northwestern and northeastern Yunnan林草 Forestry
短尾龙蜥Diploderma brevicaudaII滇西北 Northwestern Yunnan林草 Forestry
帆背龙蜥Diploderma velaII滇西北 Northwestern Yunnan林草 Forestry
细脆蛇蜥Dopasia gracilisII除滇西北和滇东北外广布 Widely distributed except northwestern and northeastern Yunnan林草 Forestry
脆蛇蜥Dopasia hartiII除滇西北和滇东北外广布 Widely distributed except northwestern and northeastern Yunnan林草 Forestry
大壁虎Gekko geckoII滇西, 滇南 Western and southern Yunnan林草 Forestry
黑疣大壁虎Gekko reevesiiII滇东南 Southeastern Yunnan林草 Forestry
尖喙蛇Gonyosoma boulengeriII滇东南 Southeastern Yunnan林草 Forestry
眼镜王蛇Ophiophagus hannahII除滇东北外广布 Widely distributed except northeastern Yunnan林草 Forestry
长鬣蜥Physignathus cocincinusII滇东南 Southeastern Yunnan林草 Forestry
黑网乌梢蛇Ptyas carinataII滇西, 滇南 Western and southern Yunnan林草 Forestry
Python bivittatusII滇西, 滇南, 滇东南 Western, southern, and southeastern Yunnan林草 Forestry
闪鳞蛇Xenopeltis unicolorII滇南 Southern Yunnan林草 Forestry

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3 小结和展望

3.1 云南省爬行动物多样性研究的现存问题与建议

伴随着野外调查和爬行动物系统分类学研究工作的逐步开展, 云南省爬行动物多样性自20世纪90年代开始呈多项式函数增长, 近年来物种数量增长速度不断加快, 显示云南省爬行动物多样性可能仍处于被低估的状态, 亟待进一步调查研究(图2)。

图2

图2   云南省已知爬行动物物种数量变化趋势。物种数量来自赵尔宓和江耀明(1966)、四川省生物研究所(1977)、张孟闻等(1998)、赵尔宓等(1998, 1999)、何晓瑞和周希琴(2002)、杨大同和饶定齐(2008)、孙航和高正文(2016)以及本研究。最佳拟合函数为多项式函数, 物种增加速度随时间的推移依旧在逐渐加快, 暗示云南省爬行动物多样性依旧被低估。

Fig. 2   Comparison of scatter plots showing the different increasing trends of the number of recognized reptile species of both Yunnan Province and China as a whole. Data on species number were taken from Zhao and Jiang (1966), Sichuan Institute of Biology (1977), Zhang et al (1998), Zhao et al (1998, 1999), He and Zhou (2002), Yang and Rao (2008), Sun and Gao (2016), and the present study. The best fit line is polynomial, showing an increasing speed in species discovery in the recent years, which indicates that the reptilian diversity of Yunnan Province is still underestimated.


我国爬行动物的分类体系正处于修订完善过程中(王剀等, 2020), 一方面高阶元分类变动依旧时有发生, 种级分类变动频繁, 而随着跨境研究的开展, 已知物种的新分布纪录也不断涌现; 另一方面, 已知物种在省内的具体分布缺乏精确数据, 部分近期发生的分类厘定及物种相应分布数据未能得到及时更新。信息的匮乏和滞后大大限制了物种受威胁等级的评估、生物多样性保护以及生物地理/演化生物学的量化分析研究。

作者建议: (1)应继续支持并鼓励开展本底调查和分类学研究, 完善分类体系构架, 对本文指出的存疑分布和存疑分类问题开展研究, 最终获得以县、市为单位, 细化精准的物种分布数据; (2)今后在描述新物种的同时, 还应系统性地对相关类群的分类、分布历史进行梳理, 厘清历史遗留问题, 为后续完善物种名录和分布数据奠定良好基础; (3)对将来的物种名录研究, 应做到数据信息公开, 新记录物种应提供明确的参考文献依据或实体标本凭证依据, 物种的移除也应提供详细的解释说明, 以便于后续研究依据最新数据进一步订正和更新; (4)伴随着活体动物贸易和不科学放生活动的增长, 外来物种和国内非本地物种的种类和出现频率也逐渐增多, 特别是龟鳖类物种的放生现象尤为突出, 今后相关研究应谨慎对待所记录物种的来源, 避免因此产生误记。

3.2 物种保护建议

云南省爬行动物受威胁等级高, 特有、国内仅见于云南省的物种占比高, 其保护是省内野生动物保护的重点工作之一。省内受威胁、国家重点保护以及国内仅见于云南省的爬行动物物种集中分布于省内南部热带、亚热带地区, 建议进一步加强上述区域的栖息地保护和对盗猎的管控。此外, 滇西北横断山区和滇中高原区特有物种比例高, 爬行动物模式产地也多集中于此, 但这些区域相比滇南地区保护力度更加薄弱, 特别是特有爬行动物分布集中的干热河谷栖息地, 破坏现象尤为突出(Wang et al, 2021a, b; Zhang YZ et al, 2021)。因此, 建议今后加强对滇西北、滇中地区重要栖息地的保护工作, 特别是龙蜥属物种集中分布的金沙江、澜沧江干热河谷和云南闭壳龟分布的滇中山地湿地生境。

近期更新出台的《国家重点保护野生动物名录》和《云南省生物多样性保护条例》为包括爬行动物在内的云南省生物物种多样性的保护提供了重要的法律依据(刘春晖等, 2021; 表8)。但新版《国家重点保护野生动物名录》中对受威胁爬行动物的覆盖度依旧不足(Wang et al, 2021d), 云南省仍有26种受威胁爬行动物未能进入国家级保护名录(附录1)。而《云南省省级重点保护陆生野生动物名录》自1989年发布起一直未有更新, 至今仅收录4种爬行动物(张琦, 2019): 其中收录的Naja naja在中国无分布纪录, 伊江巨蜥和眼镜王蛇(Ophiophagus hannah)已被调整入国家级保护动物名录, 仅尖吻蝮一种存疑分布的物种受省级名录实际保护。因此, 建议云南省有关部门尽快组织专家, 在更新版《国家重点保护野生动物名录》的基础上, 更新《云南省省级重点保护陆生野生动物名录》, 将未能进入《国家重点保护野生动物名录》的受威胁、特有爬行动物进行补充收录, 以充分发挥我国野生动物保护法律网络结构的优势(蒋志刚, 2019), 对云南省生物多样性提供及时有效的法律保护。

随着爬行动物物种分类厘定和分布数据的更新, 物种的濒危等级随时间不断调整变更将成为常态。面对上述变化可能带来的保护空白, 野生动物保护工作需要及时作出相应的调整与改变。针对分类体系、物种分布范围和受威胁等级频繁变化的客观事实, 建议有关部门参考《国家重点保护野生动物名录》的更新时间, 定期对《云南省重点保护陆生野生动物名录》进行更新。同时, 可通过在线公布的方式, 及时更新省级爬行动物多样性名录和受威胁等级数据, 以便生物多样性相关立法、执法部门便捷地掌握最新的数据动态。

致谢

感谢中国科学院成都生物研究所蒋珂、任金龙, 四川宜宾学院郭鹏, 中国科学院昆明动物研究所饶定齐对本文提出的宝贵意见; 感谢宜宾学院李科和中国科学院昆明动物研究所刘硕拍摄标本照片, 以及匿名审稿人和责任编委对本文提出的修改意见。

附录 Supplementary Material

附录1 云南省爬行动物更新名录

Appendix 1 Updated checklist of reptilian fauna of Yunnan Province, China

附录2 云南省爬行动物存疑保留纪录、移除已有纪录的具体解释说明

Appendix 2 Detailed explainations for the retained questionable records and removed previous records of reptilian fauna of Yunnan

附录3 部分存疑保留、移除或新增纪录对应的实体标本信息和代表个体照片

Appendix 3 Voucher information and specimen photos for some of the retained questionable records, removed records, or newly added records of reptiles from Yunnan

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DOI:10.17520/biods.2019238      [本文引用: 6]

We updated the checklists of extant, native amphibians and reptiles of China based on the previously published checklist of reptiles in 2015, the online checklist of amphibians on the database AmphibiaChina, newly published data as of December 2019, and previously uncollected literature prior to 2015. In total, the amphibian fauna of China consists of 515 species in 62 genera, 13 families, and three orders (Anura: 431 species in 47 genera and nine families; Caudata: 82 species in 14 genera and four families; Gymnophiona: one species in one genus and one family), while the reptilian fauna of China consists of 511 species in 135 genera, 35 families, and three orders (Crocodylia: one species in one genus and one family; Testudines: 34 species in 18 genera and six families; Squamata 466 species in 116 genera and 28 families [Serpentes: 256 species in 73 genera, 18 families; Lacertilia: 211 species in 43 genera and 10 families]). Specifically, for amphibians between 2015 and 2019, one family was recorded from China for the first time, two new genera were described, a genus was resurrected, a genus was recorded from China for the first time, 74 new, valid species were either described or resurrected, 18 recognized species were recorded from China for the first time, and six genera and eight species were considered as junior synonyms. For reptiles between 2015 and 2019, five subfamilies were elevated to the full family status, one new subfamily and a new genus were described, three genera were resurrected, three recognized genera were recorded from China for the first time, 35 new species were described, two species were resurrected from synonyms, six subspecies were elevated to the full species status, 10 recognized species were recorded from China for the first time, four genera and four species were considered as junior synonyms, and distribution records of one genus and four recognized species were removed from China. Furthermore, by reviewing literature before 2015, we make additional changes on the previous reptile checklist, including adding new records of three genera, elevating three subspecies to full species status, adding new records of three recognized species, synonymizing three genera and two species as junior synonyms, and removing the distribution record of a single recognized species from China. Lastly, we revise the Chinese common names of some reptilian groups with recomandations to maintain the stability of the Chinese common names. The number of new species and new national records for amphibians and reptiles between 2015 and 2019 in China accounts for 17.1% and 10.2% of the total number of species in each group, respectively. Because new species are described at considerable speed and given the constant changes in the taxonomy of China’s herpetofuna, it is crucial to update the checklists regularly and discuss the existing taxonomic problems, so that such information reflects the most current state of knowledge and are available for taxonomic researchers and conservation biologists alike.

[ 王剀, 任金龙, 陈宏满, 吕植桐, 郭宪光, 蒋珂, 陈进民, 李家堂, 郭鹏, 王英永, 车静 (2020)

中国两栖、爬行动物更新名录

生物多样性, 28, 189-218.]

DOI:10.17520/biods.2019238      [本文引用: 6]

本文在2015年发表的爬行动物名录及同年《中国两栖类信息系统》发布的两栖动物名录的基础上, 通过整理新发表的分类学研究及先前名录遗漏的部分早期文献, 更新了截至2019年底中国现生本土两栖、爬行动物物种名录。2015-2019年间, 中国两栖动物新记录1科, 新描述2属, 恢复1属有效性, 新记录1属, 新描述或恢复有效种74种, 新增国家纪录18种; 另6属、8种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持(在此视为次定同物异名而未做收录, 后同)。同期, 中国爬行动物新恢复5科, 新描述1亚科, 新描述1属, 恢复3属有效性, 新记录3属, 新描述、恢复或提升有效种43个, 新增国家纪录10种; 另有5属、4种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持, 并移除1属、4种在我国的分布纪录。此外, 通过整理2015年前文献, 爬行动物增补3属, 提升3亚种至种级地位, 增补国家新纪录3种, 另有3属、2种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持, 同时移除1种在我国的分布纪录。综上, 截至2019年底, 我国共记录现生本土两栖动物3目13科62属515种(蚓螈目1科1属1种, 有尾目3科14属82种, 无尾目9科47属431种), 爬行动物3目35科135属511种(鳄形目1科1属1种, 龟鳖目6科18属34种, 有鳞目蛇亚目18科73属265种、蜥蜴亚目10科43属211种)。此外, 本文还对先前名录中部分爬行动物的中文名提出了修改建议, 建议恢复部分物种的惯用中文名。2015-2019年, 新物种及新纪录已知物种数量占现两栖、爬行动物物种总数的17.1%和10.2%。近年来, 我国发表的两栖、爬行动物新物种和已知物种的新纪录数量持续增加, 分类体系也在研究中不断完善, 建议今后及时地进行阶段性总结, 同时对存在的问题提出讨论, 以推动中国两栖、爬行动物分类学研究工作的进一步开展。

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