Interspecific associations between Rhinopithecus brelichi and its sympatric species using infrared cameras

doi:10.17520/biods.2023402

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Interspecific relationships is one of the core topics in community ecology researches, and it is vital for understanding the species evolution and for developing effective conservation policies. In order to comprehensively protect the Guizhou snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi), it is extremely important to understand its interspecific relationships with other species in its community.

Method Using infrared camera monitoring data from the Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve from 2017 to 2022, this study used the spatial correlation method to construct an association network between R. brelichi and terrestrial birds and mammals. From this, we discuss the ecological function of R. brelichi in the community with implications for its protection.

Results The results showed that: (1) Rhinopithecus brelichi was spatially associated with the Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana), Temmick’s tragopan (Tragopan temminckii), Chinese serow (Capricornis milneedwardsii), crab-eating mongoose (Herpestes urva), Himalayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura), greater hog badger (Arctonyx collaris), wild boar (Sus scrofa), koklass pheasant (Pucrasia macrolopha) and Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi). Overall, the species composition of the communities in which R. brelichi was found was relatively similar to that of the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana). (2) There were no terrestrial predators of R. brelichi in the Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve. (3) Rhinopithecus brelichi was ecologically in competition with Capricornis milneedwardsii, Herpestes urva, Hystrix brachyura, Sus scrofa, Muntiacus reevesi and Pucrasia macrolopha, so excessive population growth of these species may crowd R. brelichi and inhibit its population growth. (4) Rhinopithecus brelichi can benefit from coexisting with Macaca thibetana and Tragopan temminckii, so conservation efforts aimed at protecting these species will also be beneficial for R. brelichi.(5) Effective protection of R. brelichi will also benefit Arctonyx collaris and Tragopan temminckii, so its conservation will stabilize the ecological community.

Conclusion This preliminary study explores the interspecific ecological relationships of R. brelichi with sympatric species. The findings indicate that not only does R. brelichi benefit from the other species in its community, but it also serves an ecological function that benefits the rest of the community. We strongly recommend that a comprehensive and balanced multi-species conservation strategy, as an effective supplement to the protection for R. brelichi, should be implemented and enhanced in the long-term biodiversity conservation and management in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve.

Key words: interspecific relationship, spatial associations, Rhinopithecus brelichi, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve

Xiaolong Huang, Bingshun Meng, Haibo Li, Wei Ran, Wei Yang, Cheng Wang, Bo Xie, Xu Zhang, Jingcheng Ran, Mingming Zhang. Interspecific associations between Rhinopithecus brelichi and its sympatric species using infrared cameras[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(2): 23402.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2023402

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I2/23402

Figures/Tables 6

References 46

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物种Y Species Y	物种X Species X
物种Y Species Y	出现 Presence	不出现 Absence	总和 Total
出现 Presence	A	B	A + B
不出现 Absence	C	D	C + D
总和 Total	A + C	B + D	N

物种Y Species Y	物种X Species X
物种Y Species Y	出现 Presence	不出现 Absence	总和 Total
出现 Presence	A	B	A + B
不出现 Absence	C	D	C + D
总和 Total	A + C	B + D	N

物种 Species	保护等级 Protection category	物种 Species	保护等级 Protection category
一、灵长目 PRIMATES		四、食肉目 CARNIVORA
(一)猴科 Cercopithecidae		(十)猫科 Felidae
1. 藏酋猴 Macaca thibetana	II	15. 豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	II
2. 黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	I	(十一)林狸科 Prionodontidae
二、啮齿目 RODENTIA		16. 斑林狸 Prionodon pardicolor	II
(二)鼹形鼠科 Spalacidae		(十二)灵猫科 Viverridae
3. 中华竹鼠 Rhizomys sinensis		17. 花面狸 Paguma larvata
(三)鼠科 Muridae (未鉴定 Not identified)		18. 小灵猫 Viverricula indica	I
(四)豪猪科 Hystricidae		(十三)獴科 Herpestidae
4. 马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyura		19. 食蟹獴 Herpestes urva
(五)鼯鼠科 Pteromyidae		(十四)熊科 Ursidae
5. 红背鼯鼠 Petaurista petaurista		20. 亚洲黑熊 Ursus thibetanus	II
(六)松鼠科 Sciuridae		(十五)鼬科 Mustelidae
6. 赤腹松鼠 Callosciurus erythraeus		21. 猪獾 Arctonyx collaris
7. 珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi		22. 亚洲狗獾 Meles leucurus
8. 红腿长吻松鼠 Dremomys pyrrhomerus		23. 鼬獾 Melogale moschata
9. 隐纹花松鼠 Tamiops swinhoei		24. 黄腹鼬 Mustela kathiah
三、偶蹄目 ARTIODACTYLA		25. 黄鼬 Mustela sibirica
(七)猪科 Suidae		五、鸡形目 GALLIFORMES
10. 野猪 Sus scrofa		(十六)雉科 Phasianidae
(八)鹿科 Cervidae		26. 灰胸竹鸡 Bambusicola thoracica
11. 毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	II	27. 红腹角雉 Tragopan temminckii	II
12. 小麂 Muntiacus reevesi		28. 勺鸡 Pucrasia macrolopha	II
13. 赤麂 Muntiacus muntjak		29. 白颈长尾雉 Syrmaticus ellioti	I
(九)牛科 Bovidae		30. 环颈雉 Phasianus colchicus
14. 中华鬣羚 Capricornis milneedwardsii	II	31. 红腹锦鸡 Chrysolophus pictus	II

物种 Species	保护等级 Protection category	物种 Species	保护等级 Protection category
一、灵长目 PRIMATES		四、食肉目 CARNIVORA
(一)猴科 Cercopithecidae		(十)猫科 Felidae
1. 藏酋猴 Macaca thibetana	II	15. 豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	II
2. 黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	I	(十一)林狸科 Prionodontidae
二、啮齿目 RODENTIA		16. 斑林狸 Prionodon pardicolor	II
(二)鼹形鼠科 Spalacidae		(十二)灵猫科 Viverridae
3. 中华竹鼠 Rhizomys sinensis		17. 花面狸 Paguma larvata
(三)鼠科 Muridae (未鉴定 Not identified)		18. 小灵猫 Viverricula indica	I
(四)豪猪科 Hystricidae		(十三)獴科 Herpestidae
4. 马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyura		19. 食蟹獴 Herpestes urva
(五)鼯鼠科 Pteromyidae		(十四)熊科 Ursidae
5. 红背鼯鼠 Petaurista petaurista		20. 亚洲黑熊 Ursus thibetanus	II
(六)松鼠科 Sciuridae		(十五)鼬科 Mustelidae
6. 赤腹松鼠 Callosciurus erythraeus		21. 猪獾 Arctonyx collaris
7. 珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi		22. 亚洲狗獾 Meles leucurus
8. 红腿长吻松鼠 Dremomys pyrrhomerus		23. 鼬獾 Melogale moschata
9. 隐纹花松鼠 Tamiops swinhoei		24. 黄腹鼬 Mustela kathiah
三、偶蹄目 ARTIODACTYLA		25. 黄鼬 Mustela sibirica
(七)猪科 Suidae		五、鸡形目 GALLIFORMES
10. 野猪 Sus scrofa		(十六)雉科 Phasianidae
(八)鹿科 Cervidae		26. 灰胸竹鸡 Bambusicola thoracica
11. 毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	II	27. 红腹角雉 Tragopan temminckii	II
12. 小麂 Muntiacus reevesi		28. 勺鸡 Pucrasia macrolopha	II
13. 赤麂 Muntiacus muntjak		29. 白颈长尾雉 Syrmaticus ellioti	I
(九)牛科 Bovidae		30. 环颈雉 Phasianus colchicus
14. 中华鬣羚 Capricornis milneedwardsii	II	31. 红腹锦鸡 Chrysolophus pictus	II

预测物种 Predicting species	被预测物种 Predicted species	L_B(上限 Upper)	λ_BO(下限 Lower)	P
藏酋猴 Macaca thibetana	黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	0.429	0.315	≤ 0.05
中华鬣羚 Capricornis milneedwardsii	黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	0.161	-0.082	> 0.05
食蟹獴 Herpestes urva	黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	0.161	-0.082	> 0.05
马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyura	黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	0.143	-0.098	> 0.05
猪獾 Arctonyx collaris	黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	0.161	-0.047	> 0.05
野猪 Sus scrofa	黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	0.143	-0.001	> 0.05
小麂 Muntiacus reevesi	黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	0.054	-0.188	> 0.05
勺鸡 Pucrasia macrolopha	黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	0	-0.138	> 0.05
红腹角雉 Tragopan temminckii	黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	0.268	0.058	≤ 0.05
黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	藏酋猴 Macaca thibetana	0	-0.500	> 0.05
黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	中华鬣羚 Capricornis milneedwardsii	0.060	-0.217	> 0.05
黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	食蟹獴 Herpestes urva	0.060	-0.217	> 0.05
黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyura	0.094	-0.162	> 0.05
黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	猪獾 Arctonyx collaris	0.203	0.017	≤ 0.05
黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	野猪 Sus scrofa	0	-0.514	> 0.05
黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	小麂 Muntiacus reevesi	0.117	-0.107	> 0.05
黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	勺鸡 Pucrasia macrolopha	0	-1.442	> 0.05
黔金丝猴 Rhinopithecus brelichi	红腹角雉 Tragopan temminckii	0.339	0.151	≤ 0.05