Competition and coexistence among terrestrial mammalian carnivores

doi:10.17520/biods.2020359

Abstract

Abstract:

Background & Aim: Carnivores play an important role in maintaining the structural and functional stability of ecosystems. Increasing anthropogenic pressure has resulted in dramatic population decline and habitat degradation of carnivores worldwide. Exploring regional coexistence mechanisms of carnivore populations is important to understand how mammal communities assemble, along with protecting and managing endangered species. This review summarizes the interactions of terrestrial carnivores along three dimensions (i.e., spatial, temporal and dietary), of their ecological niches, analyzing the influence of factors such as body size, prey composition, environmental difference, human disturbance and climate change on the coexistence of carnivores based on more than 100 related studies.
Review Results: We put forward the problems to be addressed for current study of carnivore coexistence. This study demonstrates that there is no single theoretical explanation for carnivore coexistence through niche separation. Prey, habitat and human disturbance may mediate the intensity of carnivore interactions and then influence their coexistence directly and indirectly. We also emphasize the critical role of co-adaptation for carnivore coexistence. Carnivore coexistence is a relatively stable state of long-term evolution, which needs to be examined dynamically.
Perspectives: We should correctly understand the differences and connections between niche overlap and coexistence. Besides niche separation, carnivores’ life history, movement and behavior should also be considered to interpret their coexistence.

Key words: carnivores, niche segregation, species coexistence, intraguild predation theory, interspecific relationship

Zhilin Li, Li’an Duo, Sheng Li, Tianming Wang. Competition and coexistence among terrestrial mammalian carnivores[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(1): 81-97.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2020359

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2021/V29/I1/81

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分类 Classification	体重 Body weight	种群调节方式 Population regulation	生态作用 Ecological function	参考文献 References
大型食肉动物 Large carnivore	≥ 15 kg	种群内部调节 Intra-population regulation	控制草食类动物过度繁殖、维护植被结构、防止外来物种入侵及疾病传播、降低碳排放 Control over-reproduction of herbivores, maintain vegetation structure, prevent exotic species invasion and diseases spread, and reduce carbon emissions	Ripple et al, 2014
小型食肉动物 Small carnivore	< 15 kg	外部环境调节 Environmental regulation	控制物质循环、塑造猎物群落构成、促进植被群落更新、调控疾病传播 Control material circulation, shape the composition of prey communities, promote the regeneration of vegetation communities, and regulate the diseases spread	Salo et al, 2007; Roemer et al, 2009

分类 Classification	体重 Body weight	种群调节方式 Population regulation	生态作用 Ecological function	参考文献 References
大型食肉动物 Large carnivore	≥ 15 kg	种群内部调节 Intra-population regulation	控制草食类动物过度繁殖、维护植被结构、防止外来物种入侵及疾病传播、降低碳排放 Control over-reproduction of herbivores, maintain vegetation structure, prevent exotic species invasion and diseases spread, and reduce carbon emissions	Ripple et al, 2014
小型食肉动物 Small carnivore	< 15 kg	外部环境调节 Environmental regulation	控制物质循环、塑造猎物群落构成、促进植被群落更新、调控疾病传播 Control material circulation, shape the composition of prey communities, promote the regeneration of vegetation communities, and regulate the diseases spread	Salo et al, 2007; Roemer et al, 2009