Biodiv Sci ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 23230. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023230 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023230
• Original Papers: Animal Diversity • Previous Articles Next Articles
Yuqi Liu1(), Jinglan Liu1,*(
), Xiaoli Fan1,2(
), Yishen Hu1(
), Hongxiao Guo1, Fan Xue1
Received:
2023-06-28
Accepted:
2023-11-09
Online:
2024-01-20
Published:
2023-11-29
Contact:
*E-mail: liujl66@bjfu.edu.cn
Yuqi Liu, Jinglan Liu, Xiaoli Fan, Yishen Hu, Hongxiao Guo, Fan Xue. Perceived birdsong diversity and restorativeness effect of soundscape: Interventions of birdsong audio and messaging[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(1): 23230.
来源 Source | 种类 Species | 生境 Habitats |
---|---|---|
额外增加 Additional | 黄腰柳莺 Phylloscopus proregulus | 阔叶林、灌丛 Broad-leaved forest, shrubs |
雉鸡 Phasianus colchicus | 灌丛 Shrubs | |
三道眉草鹀 Emberiza cioides | 灌丛 Shrubs | |
红胁绣眼鸟 Zosterops erythropleurus | 阔叶林、针阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved forest, mixed conifer-broadleaved forest | |
大斑啄木鸟 Dendrocopos major | 阔叶林、针叶林 Broad-leaved forest, conifer forest | |
实际观察 Practical observations | 白头鹎 Pycnonotus sinensis | 灌丛 Shrubs |
红嘴蓝鹊 Urocissa erythroryncha | 阔叶林、针叶林、针阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved forest, conifer forest, mixed conifer-broadleaved forest | |
大山雀 Parus major | 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | |
大嘴乌鸦 Corvus macrorhynchos | 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | |
四声杜鹃 Cuculus micropterus | 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest |
Table 1 Bird species in birdsong playback measures
来源 Source | 种类 Species | 生境 Habitats |
---|---|---|
额外增加 Additional | 黄腰柳莺 Phylloscopus proregulus | 阔叶林、灌丛 Broad-leaved forest, shrubs |
雉鸡 Phasianus colchicus | 灌丛 Shrubs | |
三道眉草鹀 Emberiza cioides | 灌丛 Shrubs | |
红胁绣眼鸟 Zosterops erythropleurus | 阔叶林、针阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved forest, mixed conifer-broadleaved forest | |
大斑啄木鸟 Dendrocopos major | 阔叶林、针叶林 Broad-leaved forest, conifer forest | |
实际观察 Practical observations | 白头鹎 Pycnonotus sinensis | 灌丛 Shrubs |
红嘴蓝鹊 Urocissa erythroryncha | 阔叶林、针叶林、针阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved forest, conifer forest, mixed conifer-broadleaved forest | |
大山雀 Parus major | 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | |
大嘴乌鸦 Corvus macrorhynchos | 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | |
四声杜鹃 Cuculus micropterus | 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest |
分组 Groups | 控制组 Controlled group | 实验组1 Experimental group 1 | 实验组2 Experimental group 2 | 实验组3 Experimental group 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
参与者人数 Number of participants | 214 | 177 | 183 | 170 |
性别 Gender | ||||
女 Female | 101 (47.2%) | 104 (58.76%) | 93 (50.82%) | 81 (47.65%) |
男 Male | 113 (52.8%) | 73 (41.24%) | 90 (49.18%) | 89 (52.35%) |
年龄 Age | ||||
18以下 Under 18 | 11 (5.14%) | 24 (13.56%) | 30 (16.39%) | 12 (7.06%) |
18-24 | 28 (13.08%) | 25 (14.12%) | 13 (7.1%) | 18 (10.59%) |
25-44 | 130 (60.75%) | 108 (61.02%) | 106 (57.92%) | 109 (64.12%) |
45-64 | 35 (16.36%) | 20 (11.3%) | 31 (16.94%) | 27 (15.88%) |
65以上 Over 65 | 10 (4.67%) | - | 3 (1.64%) | 4 (2.35%) |
教育水平 Education | ||||
高中及以下 High school and less than high school | 32 (15.05%) | 43 (24.29%) | 40 (21.86%) | 19 (11.18%) |
专科/本科 Associate degree/ Bachelor’s degree | 117 (54.67%) | 70 (39.55%) | 69 (37.7%) | 78 (45.88%) |
研究生及以上 Master’s degree and over | 65 (30.37%) | 64 (36.16%) | 74 (40.44%) | 73 (42.94%) |
职业 Career | ||||
公务员/事业编人员 Government worker | 40 (18.69%) | 32 (18.08%) | 44 (24.04%) | 49 (28.82%) |
私营企业主或个体工商户 Private business owner | 10 (4.67%) | 9 (5.08%) | 5 (2.73%) | 4 (2.35%) |
企业员工 Company staff | 80 (37.38%) | 68 (38.42%) | 64 (34.97%) | 70 (41.18%) |
自由职业者 Freelancer | 23 (10.75%) | 6 (3.39%) | 10 (5.46%) | 14 (8.24%) |
学生 Student | 26 (12.15%) | 50 (28.25%) | 34 (18.58%) | 25 (14.71%) |
退休人员 Retired | 18 (8.41%) | - | 13 (7.1%) | 1 (0.59%) |
其他 Other | 17 (7.94%) | 12 (6.77%) | 13 (7.1%) | 7 (4.12%) |
Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics of participants (number (percentage), n = 744)
分组 Groups | 控制组 Controlled group | 实验组1 Experimental group 1 | 实验组2 Experimental group 2 | 实验组3 Experimental group 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
参与者人数 Number of participants | 214 | 177 | 183 | 170 |
性别 Gender | ||||
女 Female | 101 (47.2%) | 104 (58.76%) | 93 (50.82%) | 81 (47.65%) |
男 Male | 113 (52.8%) | 73 (41.24%) | 90 (49.18%) | 89 (52.35%) |
年龄 Age | ||||
18以下 Under 18 | 11 (5.14%) | 24 (13.56%) | 30 (16.39%) | 12 (7.06%) |
18-24 | 28 (13.08%) | 25 (14.12%) | 13 (7.1%) | 18 (10.59%) |
25-44 | 130 (60.75%) | 108 (61.02%) | 106 (57.92%) | 109 (64.12%) |
45-64 | 35 (16.36%) | 20 (11.3%) | 31 (16.94%) | 27 (15.88%) |
65以上 Over 65 | 10 (4.67%) | - | 3 (1.64%) | 4 (2.35%) |
教育水平 Education | ||||
高中及以下 High school and less than high school | 32 (15.05%) | 43 (24.29%) | 40 (21.86%) | 19 (11.18%) |
专科/本科 Associate degree/ Bachelor’s degree | 117 (54.67%) | 70 (39.55%) | 69 (37.7%) | 78 (45.88%) |
研究生及以上 Master’s degree and over | 65 (30.37%) | 64 (36.16%) | 74 (40.44%) | 73 (42.94%) |
职业 Career | ||||
公务员/事业编人员 Government worker | 40 (18.69%) | 32 (18.08%) | 44 (24.04%) | 49 (28.82%) |
私营企业主或个体工商户 Private business owner | 10 (4.67%) | 9 (5.08%) | 5 (2.73%) | 4 (2.35%) |
企业员工 Company staff | 80 (37.38%) | 68 (38.42%) | 64 (34.97%) | 70 (41.18%) |
自由职业者 Freelancer | 23 (10.75%) | 6 (3.39%) | 10 (5.46%) | 14 (8.24%) |
学生 Student | 26 (12.15%) | 50 (28.25%) | 34 (18.58%) | 25 (14.71%) |
退休人员 Retired | 18 (8.41%) | - | 13 (7.1%) | 1 (0.59%) |
其他 Other | 17 (7.94%) | 12 (6.77%) | 13 (7.1%) | 7 (4.12%) |
组 Groups | n | 均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 中位数 Median | 平均秩 Mean rank | K-W H | 两两比较 Pairwise comparisons (P) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H | P | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||
1 控制组 Controlled group | 214 | 4.93 ± 2.91 | 4 | 320.03 | 45.95 | 0.000 | |||
2 实验组1 Experimental group 1 | 177 | 5.05 ± 3.07 | 4 | 331.84 | 1.00 | ||||
3 实验组2 Experimental group 2 | 183 | 6.20 ± 3.22 | 7 | 413.56 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
4 实验组3 Experimental group 3 | 170 | 6.39 ± 2.80 | 7 | 435.04 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.319 |
Table 3 Kruskal-Wallis H test for perception of birdsong diversity across different groups (n = 744)
组 Groups | n | 均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 中位数 Median | 平均秩 Mean rank | K-W H | 两两比较 Pairwise comparisons (P) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H | P | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||
1 控制组 Controlled group | 214 | 4.93 ± 2.91 | 4 | 320.03 | 45.95 | 0.000 | |||
2 实验组1 Experimental group 1 | 177 | 5.05 ± 3.07 | 4 | 331.84 | 1.00 | ||||
3 实验组2 Experimental group 2 | 183 | 6.20 ± 3.22 | 7 | 413.56 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
4 实验组3 Experimental group 3 | 170 | 6.39 ± 2.80 | 7 | 435.04 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.319 |
题项 Iterms | 迷人性 Fascination | 远离性 Being away | 兼容性 Compatibility | 延展性 Extent | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 我觉得这里的声音环境很吸引人 I find this sonic environment appealing | 0.715 | 0.179 | 0.287 | 0.264 |
F2 | 我被这里许多有趣的声音吸引了注意力 My attention is drawn to many of the interesting sounds here | 0.835 | 0.232 | 0.186 | 0.198 |
F2 | 这些声音让我流连忘返 These sounds make me want to linger here | 0.817 | 0.293 | 0.199 | 0.229 |
F4 | 这些声音激发了我的好奇心 These sounds make me wonder about things | 0.738 | 0.271 | 0.328 | 0.136 |
F5 | 我陶醉于这种声音环境 I am engrossed by this sonic environment | 0.657 | 0.414 | 0.375 | 0.152 |
B4 | 这种声音环境可以让我避免受到不必要的干扰 This sonic environment is a refuge from unwanted distractions | 0.384 | 0.714 | 0.238 | 0.109 |
B5 | 当听到这些声音, 我觉得可以从工作、日常和责任中解脱 When I hear these sounds I feel free from work, routine and responsibilities | 0.253 | 0.845 | 0.230 | 0.171 |
B6 | 聆听这些声音让我从平时的声音环境中解脱 Listening to these sounds gives me a break from my day-to-day listening experience | 0.277 | 0.772 | 0.332 | 0.209 |
C1 | 这些声音和我喜欢的活动有关联 These sounds relate to activities I like to do | 0.384 | 0.244 | 0.726 | 0.223 |
C2 | 这种声音环境符合我的个人喜好 This sonic environment fits with my personal preferences | 0.349 | 0.358 | 0.717 | 0.220 |
C3 | 我很快就习惯了这种声音环境 I rapidly get used to hearing this type of sonic environment | 0.278 | 0.310 | 0.716 | 0.180 |
E1 | 我听到的所有声音都属于这种环境 All the sounds I’m hearing belong here | 0.249 | 0.239 | -0.055 | 0.789 |
E2 | 我听到的声音似乎与这个地方很自然地融合在一起 The sounds I am hearing seem to fit together quite naturally with this place | 0.191 | 0.159 | 0.261 | 0.821 |
E3 | 这里的声环境表明这个地方空间开阔 The sonic environment suggests the size of this place is limitless | 0.133 | 0.031 | 0.300 | 0.769 |
被剔除题项 Items are deleted | |||||
B1 | 当我做一些不同于平时的事时, 听到了这些声音 I hear these sounds when I am doing something different to what I usually do | ||||
B2 | 这与我经常听到的声环境不同 This is a different sonic environment to what I usually hear | ||||
B3 | 我听到了我经常听到的声音 I am hearing sounds that I usually hear |
Table 4 The factor load matrix of PRSS after rotation
题项 Iterms | 迷人性 Fascination | 远离性 Being away | 兼容性 Compatibility | 延展性 Extent | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 我觉得这里的声音环境很吸引人 I find this sonic environment appealing | 0.715 | 0.179 | 0.287 | 0.264 |
F2 | 我被这里许多有趣的声音吸引了注意力 My attention is drawn to many of the interesting sounds here | 0.835 | 0.232 | 0.186 | 0.198 |
F2 | 这些声音让我流连忘返 These sounds make me want to linger here | 0.817 | 0.293 | 0.199 | 0.229 |
F4 | 这些声音激发了我的好奇心 These sounds make me wonder about things | 0.738 | 0.271 | 0.328 | 0.136 |
F5 | 我陶醉于这种声音环境 I am engrossed by this sonic environment | 0.657 | 0.414 | 0.375 | 0.152 |
B4 | 这种声音环境可以让我避免受到不必要的干扰 This sonic environment is a refuge from unwanted distractions | 0.384 | 0.714 | 0.238 | 0.109 |
B5 | 当听到这些声音, 我觉得可以从工作、日常和责任中解脱 When I hear these sounds I feel free from work, routine and responsibilities | 0.253 | 0.845 | 0.230 | 0.171 |
B6 | 聆听这些声音让我从平时的声音环境中解脱 Listening to these sounds gives me a break from my day-to-day listening experience | 0.277 | 0.772 | 0.332 | 0.209 |
C1 | 这些声音和我喜欢的活动有关联 These sounds relate to activities I like to do | 0.384 | 0.244 | 0.726 | 0.223 |
C2 | 这种声音环境符合我的个人喜好 This sonic environment fits with my personal preferences | 0.349 | 0.358 | 0.717 | 0.220 |
C3 | 我很快就习惯了这种声音环境 I rapidly get used to hearing this type of sonic environment | 0.278 | 0.310 | 0.716 | 0.180 |
E1 | 我听到的所有声音都属于这种环境 All the sounds I’m hearing belong here | 0.249 | 0.239 | -0.055 | 0.789 |
E2 | 我听到的声音似乎与这个地方很自然地融合在一起 The sounds I am hearing seem to fit together quite naturally with this place | 0.191 | 0.159 | 0.261 | 0.821 |
E3 | 这里的声环境表明这个地方空间开阔 The sonic environment suggests the size of this place is limitless | 0.133 | 0.031 | 0.300 | 0.769 |
被剔除题项 Items are deleted | |||||
B1 | 当我做一些不同于平时的事时, 听到了这些声音 I hear these sounds when I am doing something different to what I usually do | ||||
B2 | 这与我经常听到的声环境不同 This is a different sonic environment to what I usually hear | ||||
B3 | 我听到了我经常听到的声音 I am hearing sounds that I usually hear |
组 Groups | n | 均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 中位数 Median | 平均秩 Mean rank | K-W H | 两两比较 Pairwise comparisons (P) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H | P | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
1 控制组 Controlled group | 214 | 3.90 ± 0.60 | 3.917 | 350.76 | 27.77 | 0.000 | ||||
2 实验组1 Experimental group 1 | 177 | 3.94 ± 0.58 | 3.917 | 367.50 | 1.000 | |||||
3 实验组2 Experimental group 2 | 183 | 3.85 ± 0.58 | 3.833 | 329.07 | 1.000 | 0.575 | ||||
4 实验组3 Experimental group 3 | 170 | 4.14 ± 0.65 | 4.150 | 440.84 | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Table 5 Kruskal-Wallis H Test for perceived soundscape restorativeness across different groups (n = 744)
组 Groups | n | 均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 中位数 Median | 平均秩 Mean rank | K-W H | 两两比较 Pairwise comparisons (P) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H | P | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
1 控制组 Controlled group | 214 | 3.90 ± 0.60 | 3.917 | 350.76 | 27.77 | 0.000 | ||||
2 实验组1 Experimental group 1 | 177 | 3.94 ± 0.58 | 3.917 | 367.50 | 1.000 | |||||
3 实验组2 Experimental group 2 | 183 | 3.85 ± 0.58 | 3.833 | 329.07 | 1.000 | 0.575 | ||||
4 实验组3 Experimental group 3 | 170 | 4.14 ± 0.65 | 4.150 | 440.84 | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.000 |
自然联结等级 Ranks of nature relatedness | n | 鸟鸣多样性感知 Perception of birdsong diversity | 声景感知恢复性 Perceived soundscape restorativeness | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 中位数 Median | 平均秩 Mean rank | H | P | 均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 中位数 Median | 平均秩 Mean rank | H | P | ||
1 | 15 | 5.87 ± 1.19 | 4.00 | 358.77 | 25.133 | 0.000 | 4.14 ± 0.18 | 4.12 | 432.17 | 44.29 | 0.000 |
2 | 111 | 4.94 ± 0.29 | 4.00 | 319.42 | 3.81 ± 0.06 | 3.83 | 321.70 | ||||
3 | 174 | 5.29 ± 0.24 | 4.00 | 343.67 | 3.93 ± 0.04 | 3.92 | 360.24 | ||||
4 | 212 | 5.68 ± 0.20 | 4.00 | 379.51 | 3.85 ± 0.04 | 3.82 | 332.54 | ||||
5 | 131 | 5.68 ± 0.24 | 7.00 | 388.62 | 4.04 ± 0.05 | 3.99 | 395.20 | ||||
6 | 73 | 6.30 ± 0.37 | 7.00 | 419.09 | 4.24 ± 0.06 | 4.25 | 472.29 | ||||
7 | 25 | 7.48 ± 0.76 | 7.00 | 492.64 | 4.40 ± 0.11 | 4.50 | 517.78 |
Table 6 Kruskal-Wallis H test for the relationship between nature relatedness and perception of birdsong diversity, perceived soundscape restorativeness (n = 744)
自然联结等级 Ranks of nature relatedness | n | 鸟鸣多样性感知 Perception of birdsong diversity | 声景感知恢复性 Perceived soundscape restorativeness | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 中位数 Median | 平均秩 Mean rank | H | P | 均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 中位数 Median | 平均秩 Mean rank | H | P | ||
1 | 15 | 5.87 ± 1.19 | 4.00 | 358.77 | 25.133 | 0.000 | 4.14 ± 0.18 | 4.12 | 432.17 | 44.29 | 0.000 |
2 | 111 | 4.94 ± 0.29 | 4.00 | 319.42 | 3.81 ± 0.06 | 3.83 | 321.70 | ||||
3 | 174 | 5.29 ± 0.24 | 4.00 | 343.67 | 3.93 ± 0.04 | 3.92 | 360.24 | ||||
4 | 212 | 5.68 ± 0.20 | 4.00 | 379.51 | 3.85 ± 0.04 | 3.82 | 332.54 | ||||
5 | 131 | 5.68 ± 0.24 | 7.00 | 388.62 | 4.04 ± 0.05 | 3.99 | 395.20 | ||||
6 | 73 | 6.30 ± 0.37 | 7.00 | 419.09 | 4.24 ± 0.06 | 4.25 | 472.29 | ||||
7 | 25 | 7.48 ± 0.76 | 7.00 | 492.64 | 4.40 ± 0.11 | 4.50 | 517.78 |
措施 Measures | 自由度 df | 鸟鸣多样性感知 Perception of birdsong diversity | 声景感知恢复性 Perceived soundscape restorativeness | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sum Sq | H | P | Sum Sq | H | P | ||
音箱 Speaker | 1 | 49,885 | 1.216 | 0.27 | 706,227 | 15.2963 | 0.00 |
标识牌 Signage | 1 | 1,782,757 | 43.47 | 0.00 | 115,584 | 2.50 | 0.11 |
音箱 + 标识牌 Speaker + Signage | 1 | 4,316 | 0.11 | 0.74 | 412,037 | 8.9244 | 0.00 |
残差 Residuals | 740 | 28,586,666 | 33,029,064 |
Table 7 Scheirer-Ray-Hare test for perception of birdsong diversity and perceived soundscape restorativeness under different measures (n = 744)
措施 Measures | 自由度 df | 鸟鸣多样性感知 Perception of birdsong diversity | 声景感知恢复性 Perceived soundscape restorativeness | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sum Sq | H | P | Sum Sq | H | P | ||
音箱 Speaker | 1 | 49,885 | 1.216 | 0.27 | 706,227 | 15.2963 | 0.00 |
标识牌 Signage | 1 | 1,782,757 | 43.47 | 0.00 | 115,584 | 2.50 | 0.11 |
音箱 + 标识牌 Speaker + Signage | 1 | 4,316 | 0.11 | 0.74 | 412,037 | 8.9244 | 0.00 |
残差 Residuals | 740 | 28,586,666 | 33,029,064 |
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