Population densities and number of khulan and goitred gazelle in Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09001

Abstract

Abstract:

From September 2006 to December 2007, we surveyed population densities of khulan (Equus hemionus) and goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa sairensis) in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve using the distance sampling method. Total length of the transect lines for investigating khulan was 6,696.4 km, altogether, we recorded 7,758 khulan. Total length of the transect lines for investigating goitred gazelle was 8,428.84 km, and we recorded 8,586 goitred gazelles. We estimated the density and encounter rates of khulan and goitred gazelle with the interactive computer program Distance 5.0. From spring to autumn, the encounter rate (the number of observed individuals/km) of khulan varied between 0.058-0.092 individuals/km, whereas that of goitred gazelle varied between 0.096-0.342 individuals/km. Suitable habitat for khulan in Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve was 5,800 km², we estimated population densities of khulan as 0.55 ± 0.20 individuals/km ² in spring, 0.60 ± 0.13 individuals/km ² in summer, 0.78 ± 0.19 individuals/ km ² in autumn, and 0.54 ± 0.14 individuals/ km ² in winter in the survey area, respectively. There were 3,379 khulan in spring, 3,965 khulan in summer, 5,318 khulan in autumn, and 3,829 khulan in winter, respectively. Suitable habitat for goitred gazelle were 10,000 km²in spring and winter, 12,000 km² in summer, and 15,000 km²in autumn. We estimated the population densities of goitred gazelle as 1.14 ± 0.18 individuals/km ² in spring, 0.95 ± 0.12 individuals/km ² in summer, 1.08 ± 0.18 individuals/km ² in autumn, and 1.54 ± 0.31 individuals/km ² in winter, respectively. We calculated the numbers of goitred gazelle as 14,286 in spring, 6,628 in summer, 8,337 in autumn, and 19,677 in winter. We gave recommendation of using the survey transects and survey data as baseline data for long-term monitoring on klulan and goitred gazelle in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve.

Key words: line transect sampling, desert, khulan, goitred gazelle

Hongjun Chu, Zhigang Jiang, Yan Ge, Feng Jiang, Yongshan Tao, Chen Wang. Population densities and number of khulan and goitred gazelle in Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2009, 17(4): 414-422.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09001

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2009/V17/I4/414

Figures/Tables 4

References 34

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种类 Species	季节 Seasons	样线数量 No. of transect lines	样线总长度 Total length (km)	个体数 No. of individuals	群数 No. of groups	群平均大小 Group size (mean ± SE)	遇见率 Encounter rate (individuals /km)	变异系数 CV (%)	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval
蒙古野驴 Khulan	春季 Spring	54	1,231.0	2,048	107	19.14 ± 37.47	0.087	13.43	0.065-0.110
	夏季 Summer	86	2,563.6	2,947	195	15.11 ± 35.67	0.074	13.24	0.057-0.096
	秋季 Autumn	35	1,344.1	1,558	123	12.67 ± 24.89	0.092	17.19	0.060-0.120
	冬季 Winter	37	1,557.7	1,205	89	13.54 ± 23.50	0.058	16.79	0.041-0.814
鹅喉羚 Goitred gazelle	春季 Spring	120	2,548.1	2,100	316	6.65 ± 8.68	0.116	13.12	0.090-0.150
	夏季 Summer	100	2,179.9	1,806	347	5.20 ± 9.53	0.144	8.84	0.121-0.171
	秋季 Autumn	35	826.7	1,221	283	4.31 ± 4.67	0.342	14.01	0.231-0.406
	冬季 Winter	50	2,874.1	3,459	275	12.58 ± 21.04	0.096	17.82	0.064-0.130

种类 Species	季节 Seasons	样线数量 No. of transect lines	样线总长度 Total length (km)	个体数 No. of individuals	群数 No. of groups	群平均大小 Group size (mean ± SE)	遇见率 Encounter rate (individuals /km)	变异系数 CV (%)	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval
蒙古野驴 Khulan	春季 Spring	54	1,231.0	2,048	107	19.14 ± 37.47	0.087	13.43	0.065-0.110
	夏季 Summer	86	2,563.6	2,947	195	15.11 ± 35.67	0.074	13.24	0.057-0.096
	秋季 Autumn	35	1,344.1	1,558	123	12.67 ± 24.89	0.092	17.19	0.060-0.120
	冬季 Winter	37	1,557.7	1,205	89	13.54 ± 23.50	0.058	16.79	0.041-0.814
鹅喉羚 Goitred gazelle	春季 Spring	120	2,548.1	2,100	316	6.65 ± 8.68	0.116	13.12	0.090-0.150
	夏季 Summer	100	2,179.9	1,806	347	5.20 ± 9.53	0.144	8.84	0.121-0.171
	秋季 Autumn	35	826.7	1,221	283	4.31 ± 4.67	0.342	14.01	0.231-0.406
	冬季 Winter	50	2,874.1	3,459	275	12.58 ± 21.04	0.096	17.82	0.064-0.130

季节 Seasons	模型 Model (key + adjustment)	爱氏信息准则值 AIC	参数 No. of parameters	概率值(自由度) P-value(df)	密度 individuals / km2	95%密度置信区间 95% confidence interval for density	种群大小估计 Estimated no. of individuals	95%数量置信区间 95% confidence interval for abundance
春季 Spring	半正态分布+余弦 Half-normal+Cosine	283.08	1	0.487(2)	0.55	0.33-0.91	3,379	2,036-5,609
	半正态分布+简单多项式 Half-normal+Simple polynomial	283.08	1	0.487(2)	0.55	0.33-0.91	3,379	2,036-5,609
	半正态分布+厄密多项式 Half-normal+Hermite polynomial	283.08	1	0.487(2)	0.55	0.33-0.91	3,379	2,036-5,609
夏季 Summer	风险率探测+余弦 Hazard-rate+Cosine	595.49	2	0.246(2)	0.60	0.40-0.92	3,965	2,603-6,038
	风险率探测+简单多项式 Hazard-rate+Simple polynomial	595.49	2	0.246(2)	0.60	0.40-0.92	3,965	2,603-6,038
	风险率探测+厄密多项式 Hazard-rate+Hermite polynomial	595.49	2	0.246(2)	0.60	0.40-0.92	3,965	2,603-6,038
秋季 Autumn	均匀分布+简单多项式 Uniform+Simple polynomial	411.91	1	0.056(4)	0.78	0.49-1.24	5,318	3,338-8,474
冬季 Winter	半正态分布+余弦 Half-normal+Cosine	309.64	1	0.503(4)	0.54	0.33-0.89	3,829	2,315-6,332
	半正态分布+简单多项式 Half-normal+Simple polynomial	309.64	1	0.503(4)	0.54	0.33-0.89	3,829	2,315-6,332
	半正态分布+厄密多项式 Half-normal+Hermite polynomial	309.64	1	0.503(4)	0.54	0.33-0.89	3,829	2,315-6,332

季节 Seasons	模型 Model (key + adjustment)	爱氏信息准则值 AIC	参数 No. of parameters	概率值(自由度) P-value(df)	密度 individuals / km2	95%密度置信区间 95% confidence interval for density	种群大小估计 Estimated no. of individuals	95%数量置信区间 95% confidence interval for abundance
春季 Spring	半正态分布+余弦 Half-normal+Cosine	283.08	1	0.487(2)	0.55	0.33-0.91	3,379	2,036-5,609
	半正态分布+简单多项式 Half-normal+Simple polynomial	283.08	1	0.487(2)	0.55	0.33-0.91	3,379	2,036-5,609
	半正态分布+厄密多项式 Half-normal+Hermite polynomial	283.08	1	0.487(2)	0.55	0.33-0.91	3,379	2,036-5,609
夏季 Summer	风险率探测+余弦 Hazard-rate+Cosine	595.49	2	0.246(2)	0.60	0.40-0.92	3,965	2,603-6,038
	风险率探测+简单多项式 Hazard-rate+Simple polynomial	595.49	2	0.246(2)	0.60	0.40-0.92	3,965	2,603-6,038
	风险率探测+厄密多项式 Hazard-rate+Hermite polynomial	595.49	2	0.246(2)	0.60	0.40-0.92	3,965	2,603-6,038
秋季 Autumn	均匀分布+简单多项式 Uniform+Simple polynomial	411.91	1	0.056(4)	0.78	0.49-1.24	5,318	3,338-8,474
冬季 Winter	半正态分布+余弦 Half-normal+Cosine	309.64	1	0.503(4)	0.54	0.33-0.89	3,829	2,315-6,332
	半正态分布+简单多项式 Half-normal+Simple polynomial	309.64	1	0.503(4)	0.54	0.33-0.89	3,829	2,315-6,332
	半正态分布+厄密多项式 Half-normal+Hermite polynomial	309.64	1	0.503(4)	0.54	0.33-0.89	3,829	2,315-6,332

季节 Seasons	模型 Model (key + adjustment)	爱氏信息准则 AIC	参数 No. of parameters	概率值(自由度) P-value(df)	密度 Individuals/km2	95%密度置信区间 95% confidence interval for density	种群大小估计 Population estimate	95%数量置信区间 95% confidence interval for abundance
春季 Spring	半正态分布+余弦 Half-normal+Cosine	942.99	2	0.493(3)	1.14	0.83-1.56	14,286	10,424-19,579
	半正态分布+简单多项式 Half-normal+Simple polynomial	942.99	2	0.493(3)	1.14	0.83-1.56	14,286	10,424-19,579
	半正态分布+厄密多项式 Half-normal+Hermite polynomial	942.99	2	0.493(3)	1.14	0.83-1.56	14,286	10,424-19,579
夏季 Summer	风险率探测+余弦 Hazard-rate+Cosine	746.09	2	0.162(1)	0.95	0.74-1.22	6,628	5,171-8,494
	风险率探测+简单多项式 Hazard-rate+Simple polynomial	746.09	2	0.162(1)	0.95	0.74-1.22	6,628	5,171-8,494
	风险率探测+厄密多项式 Hazard-rate+Hermite polynomial	746.09	2	0.162(1)	0.95	0.74-1.22	6,628	5,171-8,494
秋季 Autumn	均匀分布+简单多项式 Uniform+Simple polynomial	875.03	2	0.433(3)	1.08	0.78-1.51	8,337	6,005-11,576
冬季 Winter	半正态分布+余弦 Half-normal+Cosine	530.54	1	0.350(2)	1.54	1.04-2.29	19,677	13,243-16,246
	半正态分布+简单多项式 Half-normal+Simple polynomial	530.54	1	0.350(2)	1.54	1.04-2.29	19,677	13,243-16,246
	半正态分布+厄密多项式 Half-normal+Hermite polynomial	530.54	1	0.350(2)	1.54	1.04-2.29	19,677	13,243-16,246