Beta diversity of woody plants in a tropical seasonal rainforest at Xishuangbanna: Roles of space, environment, and forest stand structure

doi:10.17520/biods.2024285

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Beta diversity measures the pattern of spatial and temporal changes in species composition. The factors driving beta diversity, such as spatial distance and environment conditions, are key topics in ecological research. However, as an important characteristic parameter of forest community, the driving effect of forest stand structure in shaping woody plants beta diversity remains largely unexplored. This study aims to address the contribution of forest stand structure, alongside space and environment, to beta diversity and its components.

Methods: Focusing on woody plants in the 20 ha tropical seasonal rainforest dynamics plot in Nabanhe, Yunnan, this study decomposed beta diversity into two components: Species turnover and species richness difference, across different sampling scales. By using multivariate regression based on distance matrices and variance partitioning, we revealed the relative contributions of spatial, environmental, and forest stand structure factors in shaping beta diversity and its two components.

Results: The results showed that: (1) beta diversity and its species turnover component and species richness difference component decreased with the increase increasing sampling scale, with species turnover consistently dominating beta diversity. (2) Environmental distance had a relatively high explanatory power for beta diversity and its species turnover component, with its influence increasing from 8.8% to 23.9% for beta diversity and from 5.1% to 26.5% for species turnover as the sampling scale expanded. However, environmental distance had little effect on species richness difference component. (3) Forest stand structure demonstrated relatively high explanatory power for beta diversity (11.3%‒25.1%) and maintained a certain degree of explanatory power for both species turnover component and species richness difference component across all scales. At the same time, pure spatial distance, whether or not stand structure was included, had a low explanatory power for beta diversity and its components.

Conclusion: This study supports the viewpoint that the relative importance of environmental filtering in beta diversity, particularly the species turnover component, increases with sampling scale. In contrast, dispersal limitation plays a limited role at local scales. This study further reveals that forest stand structure indicating the light availability and heterogeneity is also an important driving force for beta diversity, similar to environmental factors such as topography and soil. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms by which stand structure influence woody plant beta diversity in the future.

Key words: species turnover component, species richness difference component, environmental filtering, dispersal limitation, variation partitioning, sampling scales

Guoshan Shi, Feng Liu, Guanghong Cao, Dian Chen, Shangwen Xia, Yun Deng, Bin Wang, Xiaodong Yang, Luxiang Lin. Beta diversity of woody plants in a tropical seasonal rainforest at Xishuangbanna: Roles of space, environment, and forest stand structure[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(12): 24285.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024285

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I12/24285

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Diagrammatic (A) and topographic map (B) of the 20 ha tropical seasonal rainforest dynamics plot in Nabanhe, Yunnan. In figure A, 000_000, 400_000, 000_500 and 400_500 represent the coordinates of the four vertices of the sample, and in figure B, the curves represent the contour lines, and X and Y represent the projection distance of the sample, respectively.

Fig. 2 Triangular plots of beta diversity and its two components at different sampling scales. Each small black dot represents a pair of sites. Their positions were determined by a triplet of values from the species composition similarity (1-Btotal), species turnover component (Repl), species richness difference component (AbDiff). Each triplet sums to 1. The large red dot in each graph is the centroid of all the black points. The larger black dots represent the mean values of the 1-Btotal, Repl, and AbDiff components. A, B, and C represent 20 m × 20 m, 50 m × 50 m, and 100 m × 100 m sampling scales, respectively.

Fig. 3 The proportion of two components in beta diversity at different sampling scales

Fig. 4 The explanation values of environmental distance and spatial distance on the beta diversity, species turnover component, and species richness difference component at different sampling scales (values < 0 are not shown)

Fig. 5 The explanation of environmental distance, spatial distance and forest stand structure distance on the species beta diversity, species turnover component and species richness difference component at different sampling scales (values < 0 not shown). A‒C, D‒F, and G‒I represent the variation partitioning of beta diversity, species turnover component, and species richness difference component at different sampling scales, respectively.

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