Biodiv Sci ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 764-772. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14176
Special Issue: 野生动物的红外相机监测
• Original Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles
Aichun Xu1,2, Xingfeng Si1, Yanping Wang1, Ping Ding1,*()
Received:
2014-08-25
Accepted:
2014-11-24
Online:
2014-11-20
Published:
2014-12-11
Contact:
Ding Ping
Aichun Xu, Xingfeng Si, Yanping Wang, Ping Ding. Camera traps and the minimum trapping effort for ground-dwelling mammals in fragmented habitats in the Thousand Island Lake, Zhejiang Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2014, 22(6): 764-772.
样点 Site | 相机数* No. of cameras (n) | 调查强度 Trapping efforts (Camera day/month) | 大型兽类物种数 No. of mammals | 面积 Area (ha) | 隔离度 Isolation (m) | 最小监测时长 Minimum trapping effort (Camera day) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed (n) | Estimated±se(n) | |||||||
1 | 20 | 4,880/160 | 9 | 9.5±1.32 | 1,153.88 | 861.00 | 81 | |
2 | 10 | 2,450/80 | 8 | 8±0 | 128.32 | 1,417.81 | 28 | |
3 | 10 | 1,220/40 | 6 | 6±0 | 47.98 | 1,066.10 | 21 | |
4 | 10 | 1,210/40 | 3 | 3±0 | 27.49 | 1,158.87 | 13 | |
5 | 5 | 765/25 | 2 | 2±0 | 3.70 | 2,225.45 | 27 | |
9 | 5 | 608/20 | 1 | 1±0 | 1.44 | 1,106.53 | 77 | |
10 | 3 | 636/21 | 3 | 3±0 | 1.33 | 730.95 | 15 | |
12 | 3 | 636/21 | 2 | 2±0 | 1.31 | 868.22 | 108 | |
13 | 3 | 610/20 | 1 | 1±0 | 0.86 | 3,609.61 | 3 | |
15 | 3 | 728/24 | 2 | 2±0 | 0.84 | 690.03 | 15 | |
16 | 3 | 608/20 | 1 | 1±0 | 0.84 | 1,026.58 | 21 | |
17 | 5 | 615/20 | 2 | 2±0 | 0.79 | 2,657.77 | 29 | |
18 | 5 | 605/20 | 2 | 2±0 | 0.69 | 200.31 | 44 | |
19 | 3 | 608/20 | 3 | 3±0 | 0.62 | 1378.00 | 175 | |
20 | 5 | 605/20 | 2 | 2±0 | 0.62 | 2,333.60 | 61 | |
21 | 5 | 615/20 | 2 | 2±0 | 0.53 | 1,939.94 | 17 | |
22 | 5 | 605/20 | 2 | 2±0 | 0.46 | 1,982.69 | 5 | |
23 | 3 | 642/21 | 3 | 3±0 | 0.42 | 1,056.16 | 56 | |
25 | 5 | 615/20 | 1 | 1±0 | 0.36 | 2,227.08 | 62 | |
28 | 3 | 608/20 | 1 | 1±0 | 0.25 | 3,650.55 | 5 | |
31 | 3 | 547/18 | 1 | 1±0 | 0.14 | 387.10 | 275 | |
33 | 3 | 636/21 | 1 | 1±0 | 0.08 | 947.67 | 11 | |
8 | 5 | 615/20 | 6 | 7±0 | 1.50 | 0 | 27 | |
6 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 2.56 | 2,199.38 | - | ||
11 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 1.32 | 2,121.37 | - | ||
14 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 0.85 | 2,184.55 | - | ||
26 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 0.29 | 3,073.21 | - | ||
27 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 0.25 | 2,658.07 | - | ||
30 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 0.19 | 2,137.68 | - | ||
32 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 0.12 | 2,073.07 | - | ||
7 | 3 | 608/20 | - | 2.17 | 998.41 | - | ||
24 | 3 | 610/20 | - | 0.39 | 4,075.04 | - | ||
29 | 3 | 608/20 | - | 0.19 | 398.18 | - |
Table 1 Characteristics of the 33 study sites in Thousand Island Lake region, Zhejiang Province, China. Site 8 is located on the nearby mainland. Other sites are all on islands. Each site is numbered in order of decreasing area as in Fig. 1
样点 Site | 相机数* No. of cameras (n) | 调查强度 Trapping efforts (Camera day/month) | 大型兽类物种数 No. of mammals | 面积 Area (ha) | 隔离度 Isolation (m) | 最小监测时长 Minimum trapping effort (Camera day) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed (n) | Estimated±se(n) | |||||||
1 | 20 | 4,880/160 | 9 | 9.5±1.32 | 1,153.88 | 861.00 | 81 | |
2 | 10 | 2,450/80 | 8 | 8±0 | 128.32 | 1,417.81 | 28 | |
3 | 10 | 1,220/40 | 6 | 6±0 | 47.98 | 1,066.10 | 21 | |
4 | 10 | 1,210/40 | 3 | 3±0 | 27.49 | 1,158.87 | 13 | |
5 | 5 | 765/25 | 2 | 2±0 | 3.70 | 2,225.45 | 27 | |
9 | 5 | 608/20 | 1 | 1±0 | 1.44 | 1,106.53 | 77 | |
10 | 3 | 636/21 | 3 | 3±0 | 1.33 | 730.95 | 15 | |
12 | 3 | 636/21 | 2 | 2±0 | 1.31 | 868.22 | 108 | |
13 | 3 | 610/20 | 1 | 1±0 | 0.86 | 3,609.61 | 3 | |
15 | 3 | 728/24 | 2 | 2±0 | 0.84 | 690.03 | 15 | |
16 | 3 | 608/20 | 1 | 1±0 | 0.84 | 1,026.58 | 21 | |
17 | 5 | 615/20 | 2 | 2±0 | 0.79 | 2,657.77 | 29 | |
18 | 5 | 605/20 | 2 | 2±0 | 0.69 | 200.31 | 44 | |
19 | 3 | 608/20 | 3 | 3±0 | 0.62 | 1378.00 | 175 | |
20 | 5 | 605/20 | 2 | 2±0 | 0.62 | 2,333.60 | 61 | |
21 | 5 | 615/20 | 2 | 2±0 | 0.53 | 1,939.94 | 17 | |
22 | 5 | 605/20 | 2 | 2±0 | 0.46 | 1,982.69 | 5 | |
23 | 3 | 642/21 | 3 | 3±0 | 0.42 | 1,056.16 | 56 | |
25 | 5 | 615/20 | 1 | 1±0 | 0.36 | 2,227.08 | 62 | |
28 | 3 | 608/20 | 1 | 1±0 | 0.25 | 3,650.55 | 5 | |
31 | 3 | 547/18 | 1 | 1±0 | 0.14 | 387.10 | 275 | |
33 | 3 | 636/21 | 1 | 1±0 | 0.08 | 947.67 | 11 | |
8 | 5 | 615/20 | 6 | 7±0 | 1.50 | 0 | 27 | |
6 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 2.56 | 2,199.38 | - | ||
11 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 1.32 | 2,121.37 | - | ||
14 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 0.85 | 2,184.55 | - | ||
26 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 0.29 | 3,073.21 | - | ||
27 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 0.25 | 2,658.07 | - | ||
30 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 0.19 | 2,137.68 | - | ||
32 | 5 | 615/20 | 0 | 0.12 | 2,073.07 | - | ||
7 | 3 | 608/20 | - | 2.17 | 998.41 | - | ||
24 | 3 | 610/20 | - | 0.39 | 4,075.04 | - | ||
29 | 3 | 608/20 | - | 0.19 | 398.18 | - |
Fig. 2 The species-area relationship of large mammal communities on 32 study islands in Thousand Island Lake. Black circle indicates the site on the mainland (for comparison). Abbreviations: S, Species number; A, Island area.
Fig. 3 Rarefaction curves of large mammal communities on sites 1, 2, 3 and 8 in Thousand Island Lake region. Monitoring day represents all cameras on a site monitoring one day.
Fig. 4 Relationships between minimum trapping efforts and island areas and isolations, respectively, on islands and mainland of larger mammal communities in Thousand Island Lake region. The size of each circle indicates the number of species on each site. Site numbers follow Fig. 1.
目/科 Order/Family | 种名 Species | 总照片数 No. of photos | 独立照片数 Independent photograph | 所占比例* % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鳞甲目 Pholidota | ||||||
鲮鲤科 Manidae | 1 | 穿山甲 Manis pentadactyla | 5 | 3 | 60.0 | |
兔形目 Lagomorpha | ||||||
兔科 Leporidae | 2 | 华南兔 Lepus sinensis | 366 | 157 | 42.9 | |
啮齿目 Rodentia | ||||||
豪猪科 Hystricidae | 3 | 马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyuran | 1 | 1 | 100 | |
食肉目 Carnivora | ||||||
鼬科 Mustelidae | 4 | 猪獾 Arctonyx collaris | 268 | 132 | 49.3 | |
5 | 鼬獾 Melogale moschata | 922 | 365 | 39.6 | ||
灵猫科 Viverridae | 6 | 花面狸 Paguma larvata | 55 | 34 | 61.8 | |
猫科 Felidae | 7 | 豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis | 20 | 10 | 50 | |
偶蹄目 Artiodactyla | ||||||
猪科 Suidae | 8 | 野猪 Sus scrofa | 331 | 112 | 33.8 | |
鹿科 Cervidae | 9 | 黄麂 Muntiacus reevesi | 446 | 174 | 39.0 | |
合计 | 2,414 | 988 | 40.9 |
Table 2 Summary of ground-dwelling mammal species detected by camera traps in Thousand Island Lake region, China
目/科 Order/Family | 种名 Species | 总照片数 No. of photos | 独立照片数 Independent photograph | 所占比例* % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鳞甲目 Pholidota | ||||||
鲮鲤科 Manidae | 1 | 穿山甲 Manis pentadactyla | 5 | 3 | 60.0 | |
兔形目 Lagomorpha | ||||||
兔科 Leporidae | 2 | 华南兔 Lepus sinensis | 366 | 157 | 42.9 | |
啮齿目 Rodentia | ||||||
豪猪科 Hystricidae | 3 | 马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyuran | 1 | 1 | 100 | |
食肉目 Carnivora | ||||||
鼬科 Mustelidae | 4 | 猪獾 Arctonyx collaris | 268 | 132 | 49.3 | |
5 | 鼬獾 Melogale moschata | 922 | 365 | 39.6 | ||
灵猫科 Viverridae | 6 | 花面狸 Paguma larvata | 55 | 34 | 61.8 | |
猫科 Felidae | 7 | 豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis | 20 | 10 | 50 | |
偶蹄目 Artiodactyla | ||||||
猪科 Suidae | 8 | 野猪 Sus scrofa | 331 | 112 | 33.8 | |
鹿科 Cervidae | 9 | 黄麂 Muntiacus reevesi | 446 | 174 | 39.0 | |
合计 | 2,414 | 988 | 40.9 |
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