Camera traps and the minimum trapping effort for ground-dwelling mammals in fragmented habitats in the Thousand Island Lake, Zhejiang Province

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14176

Abstract

Abstract:

Sixty camera traps were set on 32 islands and one terrestrial plot in the Thousand Island Lake region from May 1, 2011 to March 31, 2014. In total, we recorded 23,639 photos that included nine species of large ground-dwelling mammals with a rate of independent photographs of 2.62%. The species-area relationship showed that species richness increased with island area (ha) with a slope, z value, of 0.27. On large islands (> 10 ha), the minimum trapping effort increased with island area. On small islands (< 10 ha), however, there was no clear pattern. The minimum trapping effort was not correlated with island isolation (d.f. = 20, F = 3.067, P = 0.095). Our results suggested that large ground-dwelling mammal populations have disappeared on smaller islands since the lake was formed. Based on these findings, we suggest that large MTE’s are required in islands with large areas when using camera traps in a fragmented landscape. On small islands, researchers should vary trapping efforts according to the island’s attributes, including species resources.

Key words: fragmented habitat, island biogeography, land-bridge islands, ground-dwelling mammals, monitoring

Aichun Xu, Xingfeng Si, Yanping Wang, Ping Ding. Camera traps and the minimum trapping effort for ground-dwelling mammals in fragmented habitats in the Thousand Island Lake, Zhejiang Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2014, 22(6): 764-772.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14176

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2014/V22/I6/764

Figures/Tables 6

References 32

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样点 Site	相机数^* No. of cameras (n)	调查强度 Trapping efforts (Camera day/month)	大型兽类物种数 No. of mammals			面积 Area (ha)	隔离度 Isolation (m)	最小监测时长 Minimum trapping effort (Camera day)
样点 Site	相机数^* No. of cameras (n)	调查强度 Trapping efforts (Camera day/month)	Observed (n)		Estimated±se(n)	面积 Area (ha)	隔离度 Isolation (m)	最小监测时长 Minimum trapping effort (Camera day)
1	20	4,880/160	9		9.5±1.32	1,153.88	861.00	81
2	10	2,450/80	8		8±0	128.32	1,417.81	28
3	10	1,220/40	6		6±0	47.98	1,066.10	21
4	10	1,210/40	3		3±0	27.49	1,158.87	13
5	5	765/25	2		2±0	3.70	2,225.45	27
9	5	608/20	1		1±0	1.44	1,106.53	77
10	3	636/21	3		3±0	1.33	730.95	15
12	3	636/21	2		2±0	1.31	868.22	108
13	3	610/20	1		1±0	0.86	3,609.61	3
15	3	728/24	2		2±0	0.84	690.03	15
16	3	608/20	1		1±0	0.84	1,026.58	21
17	5	615/20	2		2±0	0.79	2,657.77	29
18	5	605/20	2		2±0	0.69	200.31	44
19	3	608/20	3		3±0	0.62	1378.00	175
20	5	605/20	2		2±0	0.62	2,333.60	61
21	5	615/20	2		2±0	0.53	1,939.94	17
22	5	605/20	2		2±0	0.46	1,982.69	5
23	3	642/21	3		3±0	0.42	1,056.16	56
25	5	615/20	1		1±0	0.36	2,227.08	62
28	3	608/20	1		1±0	0.25	3,650.55	5
31	3	547/18	1		1±0	0.14	387.10	275
33	3	636/21	1		1±0	0.08	947.67	11
8	5	615/20	6	7±0		1.50	0	27
6	5	615/20	0			2.56	2,199.38	-
11	5	615/20	0			1.32	2,121.37	-
14	5	615/20	0			0.85	2,184.55	-
26	5	615/20	0			0.29	3,073.21	-
27	5	615/20	0			0.25	2,658.07	-
30	5	615/20	0			0.19	2,137.68	-
32	5	615/20	0			0.12	2,073.07	-
7	3	608/20	-			2.17	998.41	-
24	3	610/20	-			0.39	4,075.04	-
29	3	608/20	-			0.19	398.18	-

样点 Site	相机数^* No. of cameras (n)	调查强度 Trapping efforts (Camera day/month)	大型兽类物种数 No. of mammals			面积 Area (ha)	隔离度 Isolation (m)	最小监测时长 Minimum trapping effort (Camera day)
样点 Site	相机数^* No. of cameras (n)	调查强度 Trapping efforts (Camera day/month)	Observed (n)		Estimated±se(n)	面积 Area (ha)	隔离度 Isolation (m)	最小监测时长 Minimum trapping effort (Camera day)
1	20	4,880/160	9		9.5±1.32	1,153.88	861.00	81
2	10	2,450/80	8		8±0	128.32	1,417.81	28
3	10	1,220/40	6		6±0	47.98	1,066.10	21
4	10	1,210/40	3		3±0	27.49	1,158.87	13
5	5	765/25	2		2±0	3.70	2,225.45	27
9	5	608/20	1		1±0	1.44	1,106.53	77
10	3	636/21	3		3±0	1.33	730.95	15
12	3	636/21	2		2±0	1.31	868.22	108
13	3	610/20	1		1±0	0.86	3,609.61	3
15	3	728/24	2		2±0	0.84	690.03	15
16	3	608/20	1		1±0	0.84	1,026.58	21
17	5	615/20	2		2±0	0.79	2,657.77	29
18	5	605/20	2		2±0	0.69	200.31	44
19	3	608/20	3		3±0	0.62	1378.00	175
20	5	605/20	2		2±0	0.62	2,333.60	61
21	5	615/20	2		2±0	0.53	1,939.94	17
22	5	605/20	2		2±0	0.46	1,982.69	5
23	3	642/21	3		3±0	0.42	1,056.16	56
25	5	615/20	1		1±0	0.36	2,227.08	62
28	3	608/20	1		1±0	0.25	3,650.55	5
31	3	547/18	1		1±0	0.14	387.10	275
33	3	636/21	1		1±0	0.08	947.67	11
8	5	615/20	6	7±0		1.50	0	27
6	5	615/20	0			2.56	2,199.38	-
11	5	615/20	0			1.32	2,121.37	-
14	5	615/20	0			0.85	2,184.55	-
26	5	615/20	0			0.29	3,073.21	-
27	5	615/20	0			0.25	2,658.07	-
30	5	615/20	0			0.19	2,137.68	-
32	5	615/20	0			0.12	2,073.07	-
7	3	608/20	-			2.17	998.41	-
24	3	610/20	-			0.39	4,075.04	-
29	3	608/20	-			0.19	398.18	-

目/科 Order/Family	种名 Species		总照片数 No. of photos	独立照片数 Independent photograph	所占比例^* %
鳞甲目 Pholidota
鲮鲤科 Manidae	1	穿山甲 Manis pentadactyla	5	3	60.0
兔形目 Lagomorpha
兔科 Leporidae	2	华南兔 Lepus sinensis	366	157	42.9
啮齿目 Rodentia
豪猪科 Hystricidae	3	马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyuran	1	1	100
食肉目 Carnivora
鼬科 Mustelidae	4	猪獾 Arctonyx collaris	268	132	49.3
	5	鼬獾 Melogale moschata	922	365	39.6
灵猫科 Viverridae	6	花面狸 Paguma larvata	55	34	61.8
猫科 Felidae	7	豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	20	10	50
偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
猪科 Suidae	8	野猪 Sus scrofa	331	112	33.8
鹿科 Cervidae	9	黄麂 Muntiacus reevesi	446	174	39.0
	合计		2,414	988	40.9

目/科 Order/Family	种名 Species		总照片数 No. of photos	独立照片数 Independent photograph	所占比例^* %
鳞甲目 Pholidota
鲮鲤科 Manidae	1	穿山甲 Manis pentadactyla	5	3	60.0
兔形目 Lagomorpha
兔科 Leporidae	2	华南兔 Lepus sinensis	366	157	42.9
啮齿目 Rodentia
豪猪科 Hystricidae	3	马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyuran	1	1	100
食肉目 Carnivora
鼬科 Mustelidae	4	猪獾 Arctonyx collaris	268	132	49.3
	5	鼬獾 Melogale moschata	922	365	39.6
灵猫科 Viverridae	6	花面狸 Paguma larvata	55	34	61.8
猫科 Felidae	7	豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	20	10	50
偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
猪科 Suidae	8	野猪 Sus scrofa	331	112	33.8
鹿科 Cervidae	9	黄麂 Muntiacus reevesi	446	174	39.0
	合计		2,414	988	40.9