Biodiv Sci ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 666-676. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.11090
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Yunzhu Liu1, Linlu Shi1, Hairui Duo1, Boyong Peng2, Cai Lü1, Yi Zhu1, Guangchun Lei1,*()
Received:
2013-04-09
Accepted:
2013-07-05
Online:
2013-11-20
Published:
2013-12-02
Contact:
Lei Guangchun
Yunzhu Liu,Linlu Shi,Hairui Duo,Boyong Peng,Cai Lü,Yi Zhu,Guangchun Lei. Disturbance-driven changes to landscape patterns and responses of waterbirds at West Dongting Lake, China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2013, 21(6): 666-676.
Fig. 2 Change of land use pattern in West Dongting Lake. (a) 1996; (b) 2013; (c) change regions from 1996 to 2013. ① restored wetland, ② fragmented natural wetland, ③ poplar plantation. Conversion type I, Converted among natural wetland types (water, mudflat, wet meadow); Conversion type II, Natural wetland types converted to artificial types (poplar plantation, reed marsh and others); Conversion type III, Converted among artificial types; Conversion type IV, Artificial types restored to natural wetland types.
年份 Year | 1996 | 2013 |
---|---|---|
水域 Water | 11,039(31.9%) | 5,922(17.1%) |
泥滩地 Mudflat | 4,291(12.4%) | 2,582(7.5%) |
芦苇 Reed marsh | 8,741(25.2%) | 11,434(33.0%) |
林地 Poplar plantation | 902(2.6%) | 8,918(25.8%) |
草滩 Wet grassland | 9,009(26.0%) | 4,523(13.1%) |
其他 Others | 638(1.8%) | 1,241(3.6%) |
合计 Total | 34,620 | 34,620 |
Table 1 Patch area (ha) and proportion for 1996 and 2013
年份 Year | 1996 | 2013 |
---|---|---|
水域 Water | 11,039(31.9%) | 5,922(17.1%) |
泥滩地 Mudflat | 4,291(12.4%) | 2,582(7.5%) |
芦苇 Reed marsh | 8,741(25.2%) | 11,434(33.0%) |
林地 Poplar plantation | 902(2.6%) | 8,918(25.8%) |
草滩 Wet grassland | 9,009(26.0%) | 4,523(13.1%) |
其他 Others | 638(1.8%) | 1,241(3.6%) |
合计 Total | 34,620 | 34,620 |
水域 Water | 泥滩地 Mudflat | 芦苇 Reed marsh | 林地 Poplar plantation | 草滩 Wet meadow | 其他 Others | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水域 Water | 5,145 | 2,131 | 758 | 747 | 2,112 | 146 |
A | 46.6% | 19.3% | 6.9% | 6.8% | 19.1% | 1.3% |
B | 86.9% | 82.5% | 6.6% | 8.4% | 46.7% | 11.8% |
泥滩地 Mudflat | 33 | 257 | 1,382 | 1,204 | 1,346 | 69 |
A | 0.8% | 6.0% | 32.2% | 28.1% | 31.4% | 1.6% |
B | 0.6% | 10.0% | 12.1% | 13.5% | 29.8% | 5.6% |
芦苇 Reed marsh | 149 | 65 | 5,271 | 1,864 | 440 | 952 |
A | 1.7% | 0.7% | 60.3% | 21.3% | 5.0% | 10.9% |
B | 2.5% | 2.5% | 46.1% | 20.9% | 9.7% | 76.7% |
林地 Poplar plantation | 42 | 41 | 317 | 331 | 150 | 21 |
A | 4.7% | 4.5% | 35.1% | 36.7% | 16.6% | 2.3% |
B | 0.7% | 1.6% | 2.8% | 3.7% | 3.3% | 1.7% |
草滩 Wet meadow | 39 | 47 | 3,693 | 4,754 | 441 | 35 |
A | 0.4% | 0.5% | 41.0% | 52.8% | 4.9% | 0.4% |
B | 0.7% | 1.8% | 32.3% | 53.3% | 9.8% | 2.8% |
其他 Others | 514 | 41 | 13 | 18 | 34 | 18 |
A | 80.6% | 6.4% | 2.0% | 2.8% | 5.3% | 2.8% |
B | 8.7% | 1.6% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.8% | 1.5% |
变化率 Change rate | -46.4% | -39.8% | 30.8% | 888.7% | -49.8% | 94.5% |
年均变化率 Annual change rate | -2.7% | -2.3% | 1.8% | 52.3% | -2.9% | 5.6% |
Table 2 Land use conversion matrix for West Dongting Lake from 1996 to 2013 (ha)
水域 Water | 泥滩地 Mudflat | 芦苇 Reed marsh | 林地 Poplar plantation | 草滩 Wet meadow | 其他 Others | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水域 Water | 5,145 | 2,131 | 758 | 747 | 2,112 | 146 |
A | 46.6% | 19.3% | 6.9% | 6.8% | 19.1% | 1.3% |
B | 86.9% | 82.5% | 6.6% | 8.4% | 46.7% | 11.8% |
泥滩地 Mudflat | 33 | 257 | 1,382 | 1,204 | 1,346 | 69 |
A | 0.8% | 6.0% | 32.2% | 28.1% | 31.4% | 1.6% |
B | 0.6% | 10.0% | 12.1% | 13.5% | 29.8% | 5.6% |
芦苇 Reed marsh | 149 | 65 | 5,271 | 1,864 | 440 | 952 |
A | 1.7% | 0.7% | 60.3% | 21.3% | 5.0% | 10.9% |
B | 2.5% | 2.5% | 46.1% | 20.9% | 9.7% | 76.7% |
林地 Poplar plantation | 42 | 41 | 317 | 331 | 150 | 21 |
A | 4.7% | 4.5% | 35.1% | 36.7% | 16.6% | 2.3% |
B | 0.7% | 1.6% | 2.8% | 3.7% | 3.3% | 1.7% |
草滩 Wet meadow | 39 | 47 | 3,693 | 4,754 | 441 | 35 |
A | 0.4% | 0.5% | 41.0% | 52.8% | 4.9% | 0.4% |
B | 0.7% | 1.8% | 32.3% | 53.3% | 9.8% | 2.8% |
其他 Others | 514 | 41 | 13 | 18 | 34 | 18 |
A | 80.6% | 6.4% | 2.0% | 2.8% | 5.3% | 2.8% |
B | 8.7% | 1.6% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.8% | 1.5% |
变化率 Change rate | -46.4% | -39.8% | 30.8% | 888.7% | -49.8% | 94.5% |
年均变化率 Annual change rate | -2.7% | -2.3% | 1.8% | 52.3% | -2.9% | 5.6% |
类型 Type | 斑块个数 Number of patches | 平均斑块面积 Mean patch size (ha) | 最大斑块指数 Largest patch index | 边缘密度 Edge density | 平均斑块形状指数 Mean shape index | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | 2013 | 1996 | 2013 | 1996 | 2013 | 1996 | 2013 | 1996 | 2013 | |||||
林地 Poplar plantation | 54 | 294 | 16.71 | 30.33 | 0.22 | 10.62 | 5.44 | 24.22 | 2.28 | 1.69 | ||||
水域 Water | 44 | 52 | 250.89 | 113.89 | 23.35 | 4.56 | 18.63 | 14.35 | 2.41 | 2.39 | ||||
芦苇 Reed marsh | 174 | 244 | 50.23 | 46.86 | 8.39 | 6.39 | 19.68 | 33.64 | 1.94 | 1.99 | ||||
草滩 Wet grassland | 51 | 192 | 176.65 | 23.56 | 7.45 | 3.68 | 21.45 | 21.33 | 2.71 | 2.13 | ||||
泥滩地 Mudflat | 63 | 152 | 68.1 | 16.98 | 2.92 | 0.83 | 17.75 | 16.15 | 2.95 | 2.21 | ||||
其他 Others | 43 | 69 | 14.85 | 17.99 | 1.76 | 0.71 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 1.4 | 1.84 |
Table 3 Landscape pattern indices of each wetland type in 1996 and 2013
类型 Type | 斑块个数 Number of patches | 平均斑块面积 Mean patch size (ha) | 最大斑块指数 Largest patch index | 边缘密度 Edge density | 平均斑块形状指数 Mean shape index | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | 2013 | 1996 | 2013 | 1996 | 2013 | 1996 | 2013 | 1996 | 2013 | |||||
林地 Poplar plantation | 54 | 294 | 16.71 | 30.33 | 0.22 | 10.62 | 5.44 | 24.22 | 2.28 | 1.69 | ||||
水域 Water | 44 | 52 | 250.89 | 113.89 | 23.35 | 4.56 | 18.63 | 14.35 | 2.41 | 2.39 | ||||
芦苇 Reed marsh | 174 | 244 | 50.23 | 46.86 | 8.39 | 6.39 | 19.68 | 33.64 | 1.94 | 1.99 | ||||
草滩 Wet grassland | 51 | 192 | 176.65 | 23.56 | 7.45 | 3.68 | 21.45 | 21.33 | 2.71 | 2.13 | ||||
泥滩地 Mudflat | 63 | 152 | 68.1 | 16.98 | 2.92 | 0.83 | 17.75 | 16.15 | 2.95 | 2.21 | ||||
其他 Others | 43 | 69 | 14.85 | 17.99 | 1.76 | 0.71 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 1.4 | 1.84 |
景观指数 Landscape pattern indices | 1996 | 2013 |
---|---|---|
蔓延度 Contagion | 49.701 | 44.320 |
Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity index | 1.490 | 1.596 |
Shannon均匀度指数 Shannon evenness index | 0.832 | 0.891 |
景观破碎度指数 Landscape fragmentation index | 1.239 | 2.897 |
Table 4 Landscape pattern indices in 1996 and 2013
景观指数 Landscape pattern indices | 1996 | 2013 |
---|---|---|
蔓延度 Contagion | 49.701 | 44.320 |
Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity index | 1.490 | 1.596 |
Shannon均匀度指数 Shannon evenness index | 0.832 | 0.891 |
景观破碎度指数 Landscape fragmentation index | 1.239 | 2.897 |
类群 Group | 数量 Individuals | 种类 Species |
---|---|---|
类 Grebes | 449 | 2 |
鸬鹚类 Cormorants | 1,583 | 1 |
鹭类 Herons | 407 | 3 |
雁类 Geese | 359 | 2 |
鸭类 Ducks | 12,522 | 12 |
鸻鹬类 Shorebirds | 1,427 | 10 |
鸥类 Gulls | 164 | 5 |
鹳类 Storks | 25 | 1 |
鹤类 Cranes | 17 | 1 |
Table 5 Main waterbird groups observed in West Dongting Lake
类群 Group | 数量 Individuals | 种类 Species |
---|---|---|
类 Grebes | 449 | 2 |
鸬鹚类 Cormorants | 1,583 | 1 |
鹭类 Herons | 407 | 3 |
雁类 Geese | 359 | 2 |
鸭类 Ducks | 12,522 | 12 |
鸻鹬类 Shorebirds | 1,427 | 10 |
鸥类 Gulls | 164 | 5 |
鹳类 Storks | 25 | 1 |
鹤类 Cranes | 17 | 1 |
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