Abstract: Urban biodiversity conservation has become a central topic and a major area of action in modern conservation biology, yet species trait data collected in cities remain scarce. Anuran calls are key behavioral signals in breeding communication and population evolution. Our study collected anuran calls in the main urban area of Guiyang from February 2025 to June 2026 using a combination of active recording and passive acoustic monitoring. The dataset includes advertisement calls from 14 anuran species in Guiyang, including 13 native species belonging to seven families and 11 genera, and one invasive alien species. We provide oscillograms and spectrograms for all 14 species to show the temporal and spectral characteristics of their calls, including call duration, note duration, inter-note interval, and dominant frequency. Our dataset provides basic data for studies on amphibian distribution, breeding patterns, and activity in Guiyang and other mountainous cities in Southwest China. It also provides local data and methods to support updates to regional biodiversity records, the monitoring and control of alien species, and long-term ecological monitoring.

Key words: Guiyang City, anuran, advertisement call, oscillogram, spectrogram