Progresses in the study of the relationship between plant genome size and traits

doi:10.17520/biods.2024192

Abstract

Abstract:

Background & Aim: Previous studies have found a correlation between genome size (GS) and many distinct traits in plants. However, there is a lack of systematic summarization of these connections. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of known relationships between GS and plant traits, while also proposing a new hypothesis to better explain these correlations.

Results: Plant traits were first divided into nine categories: molecule, cell, tissue, organ, individual, population, community, ecosystem and biogeography. Next, we applied our hypothesis to better explain the ecological consequences of GS and the plant evolution in the context of each trait. Our new hypothesis states that there may be two balance points and one optimal point in the range of GS. Changes in environmental factors such as nutrients and moisture will change the position of balance points and optimal point. This shift drives plant GS to evolve to a new optimal point, allowing the plant to adjust to new environmental stresses.

Conclusions: We propose that GS should be considered as a key plant functional trait and incorporated into future predictive models, which will improve our understanding of how communities and ecosystems respond to global environmental challenges, such as nitrogen deposition and extreme drought events.

Key words: genome size, nutrient limitation, water limitation, threshold, natural selection, genetic drift

Cao Dong, Li Huanlong, Peng Yang, Wei Cunzheng. Progresses in the study of the relationship between plant genome size and traits[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(2): 24192.

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References 152

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尺度 Scale	性状 Traits	关系 Correlation	参考文献 References
分子 Molecule	转座子数 Transposables	+	Wang et al, 2021
	转座子数 Transposables	^	Lynch et al, 2006; Dodsworth et al, 2015; Novák et al, 2020
	GC含量 GC content	+	Musto et al, 2006; Šmarda et al, 2008
	GC含量 GC content	^	Veselý et al, 2012; Šmarda et al, 2014
	染色体数量 Chromosome number	+	Wang et al, 2010; Pandit et al, 2014
细胞 Cell	细胞周期长度 Cell cycle duration	+	Bennett, 1987
	细胞大小 Cell size	+	Renzaglia et al, 1995; Gregory, 2002; Beaulieu et al, 2008; Knight & Beaulieu, 2008; Šímová & Herben, 2012; Lomax et al, 2014; Henry et al, 2015; Simonin & Roddy, 2018; D’Ario et al, 2021
	花粉大小 Pollen size	+	Knight et al, 2010
	细胞密度 Cell density	‒	Théroux-Rancourt et al, 2021
	细胞分裂速率 Cell division rate	‒	Bennett & Smith, 1972; Chipman et al, 2001
	细胞核体积 Nucleus size	+	Van’t Hof & Sparrow, 1963; Baetcke et al, 1967; Gregory, 2005
	精子移动能力 Sperm mobility	‒	Renzaglia et al, 1995
组织 Tissue	叶片组织弹性 Leaf tissue elasticity	‒	Castro-Jimenez et al, 1989
组织 Tissue	导管直径 Xylem vessel diameter	+	Maherali et al, 2009; Hao et al, 2013; De Baerdemaeker et al, 2018
器官 Organ	种子重量 Seed mass	+	Maranon & Grubb, 1993; Wakamiya et al, 1993; Grotkopp et al, 2004; Beaulieu et al, 2007
	种子重量 Seed mass	ns	Leishman, 1999
	种子数量 Seed number	‒	Suda et al, 2015
	叶片长度 Leaf length	+	Chung et al, 1998
	叶片长度 Leaf length	‒	Caceres et al, 1998
	叶片宽度 Leaf width	‒	Zonneveld & Duncan, 2006
	叶片宽度 Leaf width	+	Chung et al, 1998
	叶片含氮量 Leaf nitrogen content	+	Kang et al, 2015
	叶片含磷量 Leaf phosphorus content	ns	Kang et al, 2015
	比叶面积 Specific leaf area	+	Kang et al, 2014
	开花时间 Flowering period	‒	Veselý et al, 2012
个体 Individual	生长速率 Growth rate	+	Grime et al, 1985; Minelli et al, 1996
	生长速率 Growth rate	‒	Biradar et al, 1994; Hessen et al, 2010
	最短代际时间 Minimum generation time	+	Chooi, 1971; Jones & Brown, 1976; Singh et al, 1996; Vinogradov, 2001
		‒	Labani & Elkingtion, 1987; Bretagnolle & Thompson, 1996; Baranyi & Greilhuber, 1999
		ns	Cavallini et al, 1993
	最大植株高度 Maximum plant height	‒	邵晨等, 2021
	最大光合速率 Maximum photosynthetic rate	‒	Beaulieu et al, 2007
	代谢速率 Metabolic rate	‒	Szarski, 1983; Vinogradov, 1995; Vinogradov, 1997; Lertzman-Lepofsky et al, 2019; Kozłowski et al, 2003
种群 Population	种群大小 Population size	‒	Charlesworth & Barton, 2004
	入侵能力 Invasiveness	‒	Chen et al, 2010; Kubešová et al, 2010; Lavergne et al, 2010; Suda et al, 2015; Pyšek et al, 2018; Meyerson et al, 2020
	入侵能力 Invasiveness	ns	Gallagher et al, 2011
	物种分化速率 Diversification rate	‒	Kraaijeveld, 2010
	灭绝速率 Risk of extinction	+	Vinogradov, 2003
群落 Community	群落竞争性策略 Community competitive strategy	^	Šmarda et al, 2013; Guignard et al, 2016, 2019
	物种丰富度 Species richness	^	Peng et al, 2022
	群落生产力 Community productivity	^	Šmarda et al, 2013; Guignard et al, 2016, 2019; 赵芳媛等, 2019
	群落霜冻耐受性 Community frost resistance	+	Macgillivray & Grime, 1995
生态系统 Ecosystem	磷可利用性 Phosphorus availability	+	Šmarda et al, 2013
	氮可利用性 Nitrogen availability	+	Kang et al, 2015; Peng et al, 2022
	CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration	+	Jasieński & Bazzaz, 1995
	重金属离子浓度 Heavy metal concentration	‒	Vidic et al, 2009; Temsch et al, 2010
	温度 Temperature	+	Turpeinen et al, 1999; Suda et al, 2003
		‒	Campbell et al, 1999
		^	Knight & Ackerly, 2002
		ns	Kalendar et al, 2000
	降雨量 Precipitation	+	Price et al, 1981; Knight & Ackerly, 2002
		‒	Bottini et al, 2001
		ns	Sims & Price, 1985
生物地理 Biogeography	纬度 Latitude	+	Miksche, 1967, 1971; Levin & Funderburg, 1979; Souza et al, 2019
		‒	Bennett et al, 1982; Ceccarelli et al, 1992
		ns	Teoh & Rees, 1976; Creber et al, 1994; Bennett et al, 2000; Joyner et al, 2001
	海拔高度 Altitude	+	Bennett, 1976; Laurie & Bennett, 1985; Rayburn & Auger, 1990; Godelle et al, 1993; Thibault, 1998; Cerbah et al, 1999; Suda et al, 2003
		‒	Mangelsdorf & Cameron, 1942; Poggio et al, 1998; Reeves et al, 1998; Temsch & Greilhuber, 2001
		^	Rayburn, 1990
		ns	Palomino, 1993; Lysák et al, 2000; Palomino & Sousa, 2000; Torrel & Vallès, 2001

尺度 Scale	性状 Traits	关系 Correlation	参考文献 References
分子 Molecule	转座子数 Transposables	+	Wang et al, 2021
	转座子数 Transposables	^	Lynch et al, 2006; Dodsworth et al, 2015; Novák et al, 2020
	GC含量 GC content	+	Musto et al, 2006; Šmarda et al, 2008
	GC含量 GC content	^	Veselý et al, 2012; Šmarda et al, 2014
	染色体数量 Chromosome number	+	Wang et al, 2010; Pandit et al, 2014
细胞 Cell	细胞周期长度 Cell cycle duration	+	Bennett, 1987
	细胞大小 Cell size	+	Renzaglia et al, 1995; Gregory, 2002; Beaulieu et al, 2008; Knight & Beaulieu, 2008; Šímová & Herben, 2012; Lomax et al, 2014; Henry et al, 2015; Simonin & Roddy, 2018; D’Ario et al, 2021
	花粉大小 Pollen size	+	Knight et al, 2010
	细胞密度 Cell density	‒	Théroux-Rancourt et al, 2021
	细胞分裂速率 Cell division rate	‒	Bennett & Smith, 1972; Chipman et al, 2001
	细胞核体积 Nucleus size	+	Van’t Hof & Sparrow, 1963; Baetcke et al, 1967; Gregory, 2005
	精子移动能力 Sperm mobility	‒	Renzaglia et al, 1995
组织 Tissue	叶片组织弹性 Leaf tissue elasticity	‒	Castro-Jimenez et al, 1989
组织 Tissue	导管直径 Xylem vessel diameter	+	Maherali et al, 2009; Hao et al, 2013; De Baerdemaeker et al, 2018
器官 Organ	种子重量 Seed mass	+	Maranon & Grubb, 1993; Wakamiya et al, 1993; Grotkopp et al, 2004; Beaulieu et al, 2007
	种子重量 Seed mass	ns	Leishman, 1999
	种子数量 Seed number	‒	Suda et al, 2015
	叶片长度 Leaf length	+	Chung et al, 1998
	叶片长度 Leaf length	‒	Caceres et al, 1998
	叶片宽度 Leaf width	‒	Zonneveld & Duncan, 2006
	叶片宽度 Leaf width	+	Chung et al, 1998
	叶片含氮量 Leaf nitrogen content	+	Kang et al, 2015
	叶片含磷量 Leaf phosphorus content	ns	Kang et al, 2015
	比叶面积 Specific leaf area	+	Kang et al, 2014
	开花时间 Flowering period	‒	Veselý et al, 2012
个体 Individual	生长速率 Growth rate	+	Grime et al, 1985; Minelli et al, 1996
	生长速率 Growth rate	‒	Biradar et al, 1994; Hessen et al, 2010
	最短代际时间 Minimum generation time	+	Chooi, 1971; Jones & Brown, 1976; Singh et al, 1996; Vinogradov, 2001
		‒	Labani & Elkingtion, 1987; Bretagnolle & Thompson, 1996; Baranyi & Greilhuber, 1999
		ns	Cavallini et al, 1993
	最大植株高度 Maximum plant height	‒	邵晨等, 2021
	最大光合速率 Maximum photosynthetic rate	‒	Beaulieu et al, 2007
	代谢速率 Metabolic rate	‒	Szarski, 1983; Vinogradov, 1995; Vinogradov, 1997; Lertzman-Lepofsky et al, 2019; Kozłowski et al, 2003
种群 Population	种群大小 Population size	‒	Charlesworth & Barton, 2004
	入侵能力 Invasiveness	‒	Chen et al, 2010; Kubešová et al, 2010; Lavergne et al, 2010; Suda et al, 2015; Pyšek et al, 2018; Meyerson et al, 2020
	入侵能力 Invasiveness	ns	Gallagher et al, 2011
	物种分化速率 Diversification rate	‒	Kraaijeveld, 2010
	灭绝速率 Risk of extinction	+	Vinogradov, 2003
群落 Community	群落竞争性策略 Community competitive strategy	^	Šmarda et al, 2013; Guignard et al, 2016, 2019
	物种丰富度 Species richness	^	Peng et al, 2022
	群落生产力 Community productivity	^	Šmarda et al, 2013; Guignard et al, 2016, 2019; 赵芳媛等, 2019
	群落霜冻耐受性 Community frost resistance	+	Macgillivray & Grime, 1995
生态系统 Ecosystem	磷可利用性 Phosphorus availability	+	Šmarda et al, 2013
	氮可利用性 Nitrogen availability	+	Kang et al, 2015; Peng et al, 2022
	CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration	+	Jasieński & Bazzaz, 1995
	重金属离子浓度 Heavy metal concentration	‒	Vidic et al, 2009; Temsch et al, 2010
	温度 Temperature	+	Turpeinen et al, 1999; Suda et al, 2003
		‒	Campbell et al, 1999
		^	Knight & Ackerly, 2002
		ns	Kalendar et al, 2000
	降雨量 Precipitation	+	Price et al, 1981; Knight & Ackerly, 2002
		‒	Bottini et al, 2001
		ns	Sims & Price, 1985
生物地理 Biogeography	纬度 Latitude	+	Miksche, 1967, 1971; Levin & Funderburg, 1979; Souza et al, 2019
		‒	Bennett et al, 1982; Ceccarelli et al, 1992
		ns	Teoh & Rees, 1976; Creber et al, 1994; Bennett et al, 2000; Joyner et al, 2001
	海拔高度 Altitude	+	Bennett, 1976; Laurie & Bennett, 1985; Rayburn & Auger, 1990; Godelle et al, 1993; Thibault, 1998; Cerbah et al, 1999; Suda et al, 2003
		‒	Mangelsdorf & Cameron, 1942; Poggio et al, 1998; Reeves et al, 1998; Temsch & Greilhuber, 2001
		^	Rayburn, 1990
		ns	Palomino, 1993; Lysák et al, 2000; Palomino & Sousa, 2000; Torrel & Vallès, 2001

	优势 Advantages	劣势 Disadvantages
大基因组 Larger GS	对霜冻的耐受性更强 Greater resistance to frost (Macgillivray & Grime, 1995) 提供自然选择的功能空间更多 More function space for natural selection (Mei et al, 2018) 后代的遗传多样性更高 Greater genetic diversity in offspring (石米娟等, 2016)	对养分的需求量更大 Greater demand for nutrients (Guignard et al, 2016) 修复DNA的能量需求更多 More energy needed to repair DNA (Hidalgo et al, 2017) 生长速度更慢 Slower growth rates (Hessen et al, 2010)
小基因组 Smaller GS	对养分的需求量更少 Lower demand for nutrients (Guignard et al, 2016) 修复DNA的能量需求更多 Less energy needed to repair DNA (Hidalgo et al, 2017) 生长速度更快 Faster growth rates (Hessen et al, 2010)	对霜冻的耐受性更弱 Weaker resistance to frost (Macgillivray & Grime, 1995) 提供自然选择的功能空间更少 Less function space for natural selection (Mei et al, 2018) 后代的遗传多样性更低 Lower genetic diversity in offspring (石米娟等, 2016)

	优势 Advantages	劣势 Disadvantages
大基因组 Larger GS	对霜冻的耐受性更强 Greater resistance to frost (Macgillivray & Grime, 1995) 提供自然选择的功能空间更多 More function space for natural selection (Mei et al, 2018) 后代的遗传多样性更高 Greater genetic diversity in offspring (石米娟等, 2016)	对养分的需求量更大 Greater demand for nutrients (Guignard et al, 2016) 修复DNA的能量需求更多 More energy needed to repair DNA (Hidalgo et al, 2017) 生长速度更慢 Slower growth rates (Hessen et al, 2010)
小基因组 Smaller GS	对养分的需求量更少 Lower demand for nutrients (Guignard et al, 2016) 修复DNA的能量需求更多 Less energy needed to repair DNA (Hidalgo et al, 2017) 生长速度更快 Faster growth rates (Hessen et al, 2010)	对霜冻的耐受性更弱 Weaker resistance to frost (Macgillivray & Grime, 1995) 提供自然选择的功能空间更少 Less function space for natural selection (Mei et al, 2018) 后代的遗传多样性更低 Lower genetic diversity in offspring (石米娟等, 2016)