Flora compositions and spatial differentiations of vegetation in dry valleys of Southwest China

doi:10.17520/biods.2015240

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on plant community data collected from dry valleys of nine major rivers in Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of Southwest China, we divided the families and genera of the vascular plants into geographic elements of Chinese flora, and analyzed the spatial patterns. We found the flora of dry valleys of Southwest China revealed a complex composition of geographic elements with wide floristic connections, including 11 family area-types and 15 genera area-types. The ratio of tropical versus temperate floristic elements was 3.06 at the family level, and 1.77 at the genus level, showing a distinctive affinity for tropical floras, and later imprints of temperate floras. A clear floristic linkage existed between the dry valley floras and the Mediterranean, Western- and Central-Asian floras. The percentages of East Asian elements and endemic Chinese elements were below the average value in the flora found for the subtropical region in China. The Sino-Himalayan element had a value higher than that for the Sino-Japan element in the dry valley floras. The floristic affinity to the tropics weakened while affinity to temperate flora intensified moving in the region from the southwest to northeast. Linkages with the Mediterranean-Central Asian floras, and also the percentage of East Asian elements and endemic Chinese elements increased in the same direction. A boundary between the Sino-Japan type and Sino-Himalayan type was detected between the dry valley floras of Nanpanjiang River and Yuanjiang River. With respect to the genus level floristic composition of geographic elements, Nujiang River, Lancangjiang River and Yuanjiang River were separated from the other rivers, which are all upper branches of the Yangtze River. This departure indicated the impacts of the evolution of the Yangtze River, which were characterized by headward erosion, river confluences, on the characteristics of modern flora in dry valleys.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/SWDY201604002

Key words: dry valleys of Southwest China, vascular plants, floristic elements, similarity, spatial differentiation

Ye Liu, Xinxin Zhu, Zehao Shen, Hang Sun. Flora compositions and spatial differentiations of vegetation in dry valleys of Southwest China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2016, 24(4): 367-377.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2015240

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2016/V24/I4/367

Figures/Tables 7

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流域 Valley	样方数 Number of plots	海拔 Elevation (m)	东经 East longitude (°)	北纬 North latitude (°)
白龙江 Bailongjiang River	136	762-1,016	104.6-105.21	32.76-33.35
大渡河 Daduhe River	47	1,200-1,432	102.17-102.38	29.64-30.14
金沙江 Jinshajiang River	563	358-3,298	99.17-103.88	25.56-28.69
澜沧江 Lancangjiang River	129	1,010-4,297	98.8-100.22	24.82-28.48
岷江 Minjiang River	24	1,710-2,270	103.42-103.54	31.33-31.4
南盘江 Nanpanjiang River	38	952-1,787	102.94-104.04	23.78-24.74
怒江 Nujiang River	385	680-1,999	98.42-98.91	24.65-28.07
雅砻江 Yalongjiang River	62	1,236-2,736	100.74-101.93	27.73-30.27
元江 Yuanjiang River	228	182-1,530	100.43-103.38	23.01-25.17

流域 Valley	样方数 Number of plots	海拔 Elevation (m)	东经 East longitude (°)	北纬 North latitude (°)
白龙江 Bailongjiang River	136	762-1,016	104.6-105.21	32.76-33.35
大渡河 Daduhe River	47	1,200-1,432	102.17-102.38	29.64-30.14
金沙江 Jinshajiang River	563	358-3,298	99.17-103.88	25.56-28.69
澜沧江 Lancangjiang River	129	1,010-4,297	98.8-100.22	24.82-28.48
岷江 Minjiang River	24	1,710-2,270	103.42-103.54	31.33-31.4
南盘江 Nanpanjiang River	38	952-1,787	102.94-104.04	23.78-24.74
怒江 Nujiang River	385	680-1,999	98.42-98.91	24.65-28.07
雅砻江 Yalongjiang River	62	1,236-2,736	100.74-101.93	27.73-30.27
元江 Yuanjiang River	228	182-1,530	100.43-103.38	23.01-25.17

流域 Valley	科数 Number of families	属数 Number of genera	种数 Number of species	种类最多的科 Top families of vascular plants			单属单种科数 Families with single genus and single species
				科 Family	百分比 Percentage %
				科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
白龙江 Bailongjiang River	63	125	153	禾本科、菊科、蔷薇科、蝶形花科 Gramineae, Compositae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae	32.80	37.25	38
大渡河 Daduhe River	80	174	239	菊科、禾本科、蝶形花科、百合科 Compositae, Gramineae, Fabaceae, Liliaceae	31.61	32.22	33
金沙江下段 Jinshajiang River Downstream	145	597	1,174	菊科、禾本科、蝶形花科、蔷薇科 Compositae, Gramineae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae	29.65	29.56	40
金沙江上段 Jinshajiang River Upstream	118	401	714	菊科、禾本科、蝶形花科、蔷薇科 Compositae, Gramineae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae	31.42	33.19	40
澜沧江 Lancangjiang River	138	465	882	菊科、禾本科、蝶形花科、蔷薇科 Compositae, Gramineae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae	28.17	31.41	37
岷江 Minjiang River	39	82	99	菊科、蔷薇科、蝶形花科、禾本科 Compositae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Gramineae	37.80	41.41	19
南盘江 Nanpanjiang River	66	163	206	禾本科、菊科、蝶形花科、大戟科 Gramineae, Compositae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae	37.42	37.86	36
怒江 Nujiang River	161	621	1,176	禾本科、菊科、蝶形花科、唇形科 Gramineae, Compositae, Fabaceae, Labiatae	27.05	26.02	44
雅砻江 Yalongjiang River	73	164	240	菊科、蝶形花科、唇形科、蔷薇科 Compositae, Fabaceae, Labiatae, Rosaceae	29.27	31.67	35
元江 Yuanjiang River	89	338	496	禾本科、蝶形花科、菊科、大戟科 Gramineae, Fabaceae, Compositae, Euphorbiaceae	36.09	40.32	30

流域 Valley	科数 Number of families	属数 Number of genera	种数 Number of species	种类最多的科 Top families of vascular plants			单属单种科数 Families with single genus and single species
				科 Family	百分比 Percentage %
				科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
白龙江 Bailongjiang River	63	125	153	禾本科、菊科、蔷薇科、蝶形花科 Gramineae, Compositae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae	32.80	37.25	38
大渡河 Daduhe River	80	174	239	菊科、禾本科、蝶形花科、百合科 Compositae, Gramineae, Fabaceae, Liliaceae	31.61	32.22	33
金沙江下段 Jinshajiang River Downstream	145	597	1,174	菊科、禾本科、蝶形花科、蔷薇科 Compositae, Gramineae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae	29.65	29.56	40
金沙江上段 Jinshajiang River Upstream	118	401	714	菊科、禾本科、蝶形花科、蔷薇科 Compositae, Gramineae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae	31.42	33.19	40
澜沧江 Lancangjiang River	138	465	882	菊科、禾本科、蝶形花科、蔷薇科 Compositae, Gramineae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae	28.17	31.41	37
岷江 Minjiang River	39	82	99	菊科、蔷薇科、蝶形花科、禾本科 Compositae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Gramineae	37.80	41.41	19
南盘江 Nanpanjiang River	66	163	206	禾本科、菊科、蝶形花科、大戟科 Gramineae, Compositae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae	37.42	37.86	36
怒江 Nujiang River	161	621	1,176	禾本科、菊科、蝶形花科、唇形科 Gramineae, Compositae, Fabaceae, Labiatae	27.05	26.02	44
雅砻江 Yalongjiang River	73	164	240	菊科、蝶形花科、唇形科、蔷薇科 Compositae, Fabaceae, Labiatae, Rosaceae	29.27	31.67	35
元江 Yuanjiang River	89	338	496	禾本科、蝶形花科、菊科、大戟科 Gramineae, Fabaceae, Compositae, Euphorbiaceae	36.09	40.32	30

分类等级 Taxonomic level	白龙江 Bailongjiang River	大渡河 Daduhe River	金沙江下段 Jinshajiang River Downstream	金沙江上段 Jinshajiang River Upstream	澜沧江 Lancangjiang River	岷江 Min- jiang River	南盘江 Nanpanjiang River	怒江 Nujiang River	雅砻江 Yalong- jiang River	元江 Yuanjiang River
科 Family	2.56	2.55	3.23	2.45	2.70	1.25	6.17	3.46	2.36	4.89
属 Genus	1.05	1.25	1.90	0.94	1.20	0.39	5.66	2.18	0.74	4.59