Abstract: The quantity and diversity of soil microbe were studied in different vegetation types in Gaoligong Mountain,Yunnan.The quantities of microbes,diverstity of fungi,and the amount of nutritions were examined in 12 soil samples,which were collected from different habitats with the elevation ranging from 1000 to 3000 meters,The result showed that the quantities of bacteria,fungi,actinomyces,and diversity of fungi varied with elevation.The highest values occurred at the elevation of about 2000 meters,and they decreased as the elevation increased of decreased.The lowest values appeared at bottom of the Mountains.The correlations between soil microbes and the ccological factors varied.The quantities and diversity of soil microbes were significantly correlated with temperature and organic matter except that there were to significant correlations between the quantity of bacteria and temperature,as well as between quantity of fungi and organic matter.In contrast,they correlated less with effective nitrogen and soil moisture content,much less with quick acting phosphorus and quick acting potassium.The results indicate that the main exoloical factors influencing the quantity and diversity of soil microbes were temperature,organic matter,effective nitrogen,and soil moisture content.