Five soil samples were collected from main types of degraded ecosystem in the Sanxia region of Changjiang River for determining the amount and identifying the species of soil microorganisms. The results show that the amount of the fungi and the bacteria are 8.62×10⁴～1.31×10⁵ cfu/g and 1.547×10⁷～6.957×10⁷ cfu/g (based on the dry soil) respectively. But the amount of the two kinds of soil microorganisms are different among the degraded ecosystems, the amount of fungi is in the order of Quercus variabilis forest ＞Pinus massoniana forest ＞Pinus massoniana-Quercus variabilis  forest  ＞Cunninghamia lanceolata forest  and the amount of bacteria is in another order of Pinus massoniana-Quercus variabilis forest ＞ Quercus variabilis forest ＞Pinus massoniana forest ＞Cunninghamia lanceolata  forest. According to fungi species identifying, the main fungi populations are Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Trihoderma spp. and Botrytis spp. etc. in soils of the studied areas.