盐地碱蓬盐沼与相邻泥质滩涂湿地迁徙期鸻鹬类的群落组成及行为差异

doi:10.17520/biods.2020189

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 351-360. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020189

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

盐地碱蓬盐沼与相邻泥质滩涂湿地迁徙期鸻鹬类的群落组成及行为差异

张菁¹, 白煜¹, 黄子强¹, 张正旺², 李东来¹^,^*()

1.辽宁大学生命科学院, 沈阳 110036
2.北京师范大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875

收稿日期:2020-05-07 接受日期:2020-08-15 出版日期:2021-03-20 发布日期:2020-09-20
通讯作者: 李东来
作者简介:*E-mail: lidonglai@lnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31672316);国家自然科学基金(31911540468);中国海油海洋环境与生态保护公益基金(CF-MEEC/TR/2020-20)

Community composition and behavioral differences of migrating shorebirds between two habitats within a Suaeda salsa saltmarsh-mudflat wetland mosaics

Jing Zhang¹, Yu Bai¹, Ziqiang Huang¹, Zhengwang Zhang², Donglai Li¹^,^*()

1. College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036
2. Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875

Received:2020-05-07 Accepted:2020-08-15 Online:2021-03-20 Published:2020-09-20
Contact: Donglai Li

1. 附录1 不同生境和季节鸻鹬鸟类的优势度.pdf(272KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)盐沼湿地是黄渤海地区河口区域的重要湿地类型, 是水鸟迁徙停歇期的重要栖息地。本研究以辽河口国家级自然保护区为研究地点, 通过对盐地碱蓬盐沼湿地和相邻泥质滩涂两个固定样区连续三年的水鸟组成调查和行为观察, 分析盐地碱蓬盐沼湿地在鸻鹬类多样性维持和栖息地利用中的作用。共记录到鸻鹬类水鸟28种6,348只次, 其中盐地碱蓬湿地记录到4科13种, 泥质滩涂记录到4科27种, 泥质滩涂的物种多样性显著高于盐地碱蓬盐沼湿地。此外, 盐地碱蓬盐沼湿地与相邻的泥质滩涂的鸻鹬类鸟类群落组成存在较大差异, 盐地碱蓬盐沼湿地的鸟类群落组成以体型较大的大杓鹬(Numenius madagascariensis)、白腰杓鹬(N. arquata)、灰鸻(Pluvialis squatarola)等为主, 而泥质滩涂以环颈鸻(Charadrius alexandrinus)、黑腹滨鹬(Calidris alpina)等小型鸻鹬类为主, 这说明两种生境在鸟类多样性维持中具有不同的功能。行为分析发现, 泥质滩涂中栖息鸟类的主要行为为取食(58.71%-93.26%), 而盐地碱蓬盐沼湿地鸟类的行为既包括较大比例的取食, 也包括休息, 特别是在春季迁徙期。这进一步说明, 两种生境在水鸟的栖息地利用中具有一定的生态功能差异。尽管盐地碱蓬盐沼湿地记录到的鸟类物种数和数量均低于泥质滩涂, 但是, 两种生境中存在较大比例的共同分布物种, 这说明其生态功能具有较强的生态互补性, 二者作为一种独特的湿地景观组合, 在鸻鹬类迁徙停歇期的栖息地利用和物种多样性维持中发挥着不可替代的作用。

关键词: 盐地碱蓬盐沼湿地, 大杓鹬, 栖息地利用, 鸻鹬类, 辽河口湿地

Abstract

Aims: The Suaeda salsa saltmarsh is a typical estuarine wetland along the coast of the Yellow Sea and provides an important stopover habitat for migratory waterbirds. From 2017 to 2019, we conducted a bird count and behavioral observation at Liaohekou National Nature Reserve to examine the community composition and behavioral differences of shorebirds in adjacent S. salsa saltmarsh and mudflat tideland habitats.
Methods: In adjacent S. salsa saltmarsh and mudflat tideland habitats, we counted and comparied the difference of shorebird community composition and behavior during low tide period.
Results: A total of 6,348 birds comprising 4 families and 28 species were recorded. Species richness was higher in the mudflat than S. salsa saltmarsh in the spring and autumn. Moreover, we found there were significant differences in shorebird community composition between the two habitats—theS. salsa saltmarsh was used more by large-bodied shorebirds (e.g., Numenius madagascariensis, N. arquata, Pluvialis squatarola) while the adjacent mudflat was used more often by small birds (e.g., Charadrius alexandrinus and Calidris alpina). These patterns indicated that the S. salsa saltmarsh has a distinct ecological function for the community formation and maintenance of species diversity of migratory shorebirds. In addition, behavioral data showed that foraging (58.71%-93.26%) was a dominant behavior of shorebirds for both habitats, but a significantly higher percentage of roosting behavior was found in the S. salsa saltmarsh, particularly during the spring stopover stage.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that the saltmarsh is an important roosting habitat for many shorebirds, and this function cannot be replaced by the adjacent intertidal mudflat. While the general biodiversity of the saltmarsh was lower than that of the mudflat, the large proportion of shared species-composition between the two habitats imply that these two habitats are complementary. As a unique combination for a wetland landscape, the S. salsa saltmarsh and mudflat play irreplaceable roles for providing stopover habitat and maintaining species diversity of shorebirds during migration.

Key words: Suaeda salsa saltmarsh, Numenius madagascariensis, habitat use, shorebirds, Liaohe Estuary wetland

张菁, 白煜, 黄子强, 张正旺, 李东来 (2021) 盐地碱蓬盐沼与相邻泥质滩涂湿地迁徙期鸻鹬类的群落组成及行为差异. 生物多样性, 29, 351-360. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020189.

Jing Zhang, Yu Bai, Ziqiang Huang, Zhengwang Zhang, Donglai Li (2021) Community composition and behavioral differences of migrating shorebirds between two habitats within a Suaeda salsa saltmarsh-mudflat wetland mosaics. Biodiversity Science, 29, 351-360. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020189.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2020189

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I3/351

图/表 5

图1 研究区示意图

Fig. 1 Location of study site

图2 不同生境和季节间鸻鹬鸟类物种丰富度(A)和物种多度(B)差异。春季: n = 11; 秋季: n = 17。箱子上下边界代表上下四分位数, 箱子中间实线为中位数, 上下边缘分别代表除异常值外的最大值和最小值, 实心圆点为离异值。

Fig. 2 The difference in species richness (A) and abundance (B) of shorebirds between two habitats in different migratory seasons. Spring: n = 11; autumn: n = 17. The solid lines in the box denote the median value and box edges show the upper and lower quartiles. The maximum and minimum show the largest and lowest data point excluding any outliers and the solid circles show outliers.

图3 不同生境和季节间鸻鹬类群落结构nMDS分析的权重图。FC: 大杓鹬; EC: 白腰杓鹬; WH: 中杓鹬; CG: 青脚鹬; CR: 红脚鹬; RT: 翻石鹬; TS: 翘嘴鹬; SR: 鹤鹬; DU: 黑腹滨鹬; BTG: 斑尾塍鹬; GK: 大滨鹬; EO: 蛎鹬; MS: 泽鹬; ST: 尖尾滨鹬; SA: 三趾滨鹬; RN: 红颈滨鹬; GP: 灰鸻; KP: 环颈鸻; PG: 金斑鸻; LS: 蒙古沙鸻; LR: 金眶鸻; SG: 黑嘴鸥; BH: 红嘴鸥; SI: 西伯利亚银鸥; SB: 灰背鸥; BT: 黑尾鸥; WT: 白翅浮鸥; LT: 白额燕鸥。

Fig. 3 nMDS plots of shorebird community between two habitats (Suaeda salsa saltmarsh vs. mudflat) in two migratory seasons. FC, Numenius madagascariensis; EC, Numenius arquata; WH, Numenius phaeopus; CG, Tringa nebularia; CR, Tringa totanus; RT, Arenaria interpres; TS, Xenus cinereus; SR, Tringa erythropus; DU, Calidris apoina; BTG, Limosa lapponica; GK, Calidris tenuirostris; EO, Haematopus ostralegus; MS, Tringa stagnatilis; ST, Calidris acuminata; SA, Calidris alba; RN,Calidris ruficollis; GP, Pluvialis squatarola; KP, Charadrius alexandrinus; PG, Pluvialis fulva; LS, Charadrius mongolus; LR, Charadrius dubius; SG, Saundersilarus saundersi; BH, Chroicocephalus ridibundus; SI, Larus vegae; SB, Larus schistisagus; BT, Larus crassirostris; WT, Chlidonias leucopterus; LT, Sternula albifrons.

表1 不同季节和生境间鸻鹬类共有种的数量及其相似度

Table 1 Number of shared species and similarity coefficients of shorebirds among different seasons and habitats

	盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa saltmarsh		泥质滩涂 Mudflat
	春季 Spring	秋季 Autumn	春季 Spring	秋季 Autumn
盐地碱蓬(春季) Suaeda salsa saltmarsh (Spring)	8	6 (0.46)	6 (0.40)	8 (0.32)
盐地碱蓬(秋季) Suaeda salsa saltmarsh (Autumn)		11	7 (0.41)	11 (0.44)
泥质滩涂(春季) Mudflat (Spring)			13	11 (0.41)
泥质滩涂(秋季) Mudflat (Autumn)				25

图4 不同生境和季节鸻鹬类各行为组成百分比

Fig. 4 Percentage of different behavior of shorebirds between two habitats in different migratory seasons

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盐地碱蓬盐沼与相邻泥质滩涂湿地迁徙期鸻鹬类的群落组成及行为差异

Community composition and behavioral differences of migrating shorebirds between two habitats within a Suaeda salsa saltmarsh-mudflat wetland mosaics

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