生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 266-273. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017330
高趁光1,2, 郭柯1,2,*(), 乔鲜果1,2, 陆帅志1,2, 刘长成1, 侯东杰1,2, 王孜1,2
收稿日期:
2017-12-15
接受日期:
2018-03-18
出版日期:
2018-03-20
发布日期:
2018-05-05
通讯作者:
郭柯
基金资助:
Gao Chenguang1,2, Guo Ke1,2,*(), Qiao Xianguo1,2, Lu Shuaizhi1,2, Liu Changcheng1, Hou Dongjie1,2, Wang Zi1,2
Received:
2017-12-15
Accepted:
2018-03-18
Online:
2018-03-20
Published:
2018-05-05
Contact:
Guo Ke
摘要:
模式植物群落是指能够反映某种植被分类单元基本特征, 并可作为准确描述该植被类型“标准”的典型植物群落。草原模式植物群落监测是中国生物多样性监测与研究网络——草原/荒漠植物多样性监测网的核心内容, 已初步确定了一套监测方法。本文应用这套方法分别建立了克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)群系和百里香(Thymus mongolicus)群系模式植物群落监测固定样地, 作为中国生物多样性监测与研究网络——草原/荒漠植物多样性监测网的样例。介绍了这两个模式植物群落监测样地选取与设置的过程、群落调查方法和数据分析结果。通过实际观测和案例分析, 验证了“中国草原/荒漠植物多样性监测网模式植物群落监测方案”中监测方法的可行性, 同时根据监测中出现的问题, 提出了模式植物群落样地、监测频率和监测日期的选择原则, 以及监测过程中的操作规范等, 完善了模式植物群落监测内容、方法和指标体系的建议, 为开展草原模式植物群落监测提供了可借鉴的实例与技术储备。
高趁光, 郭柯, 乔鲜果, 陆帅志, 刘长成, 侯东杰, 王孜 (2018) 草原模式植物群落监测方法应用样例. 生物多样性, 26, 266-273. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017330.
Gao Chenguang, Guo Ke, Qiao Xianguo, Lu Shuaizhi, Liu Changcheng, Hou Dongjie, Wang Zi (2018) Methods of observing typical steppe plant communities: Applications to two typical formations. Biodiversity Science, 26, 266-273. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017330.
图1 克氏针茅群系模式植物群落样地设置。Q: 样方, 1 m × 1 m; O: 样地中心点。
Fig. 1 Plot design of typical plant community of Form. Stipa krylovii. Q, Quadrats, 1 m × 1 m; O, Central point of the plot.
主样地 Main plot | 副样地 Auxiliary plot | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-10 cm | 10-20 cm | 20-30 cm | 30-40 cm | 40-50 cm | 0-10 cm | 10-20 cm | 20-30 cm | |
pH | 7.84 | 8.23 | 8.35 | 8.88 | 8.82 | 8.05 | 8.11 | 8.38 |
有机碳 Organic carbon (g/kg) | 25.14 | 17.13 | 10.25 | 10.67 | 6.52 | 26.87 | 42.64 | 42.92 |
全氮 Total N (g/kg) | 2.46 | 1.66 | 1.00 | 1.14 | 0.68 | 2.60 | 4.03 | 3.92 |
全磷 Total P (g/kg) | 25.14 | 17.13 | 10.25 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.42 |
有效氮 Available N (mg/kg) | 190.25 | 112.25 | 72.29 | 13.25 | 8.97 | 262.54 | 177.88 | 89.42 |
有效磷 Available P (mg/kg) | 6.30 | 3.40 | 3.40 | 2.20 | 2.20 | 5.00 | 6.10 | 4.00 |
表1 克氏针茅群系模式植物群落土壤理化性状
Table 1 Basic properties of typical plant community of Form. Stipa krylovii
主样地 Main plot | 副样地 Auxiliary plot | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-10 cm | 10-20 cm | 20-30 cm | 30-40 cm | 40-50 cm | 0-10 cm | 10-20 cm | 20-30 cm | |
pH | 7.84 | 8.23 | 8.35 | 8.88 | 8.82 | 8.05 | 8.11 | 8.38 |
有机碳 Organic carbon (g/kg) | 25.14 | 17.13 | 10.25 | 10.67 | 6.52 | 26.87 | 42.64 | 42.92 |
全氮 Total N (g/kg) | 2.46 | 1.66 | 1.00 | 1.14 | 0.68 | 2.60 | 4.03 | 3.92 |
全磷 Total P (g/kg) | 25.14 | 17.13 | 10.25 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.42 |
有效氮 Available N (mg/kg) | 190.25 | 112.25 | 72.29 | 13.25 | 8.97 | 262.54 | 177.88 | 89.42 |
有效磷 Available P (mg/kg) | 6.30 | 3.40 | 3.40 | 2.20 | 2.20 | 5.00 | 6.10 | 4.00 |
图2 克氏针茅群系模式植物群落物种的生活型谱。I: 半灌木和小半灌木; II: 多年生禾草和薹草; III: 多年生杂类草; IV: 一、二年生草本植物。
Fig. 2 Life form spectrum of the species in typical plant community of Form. Stipa krylovii. I, Semi-shrub and dwarf semi-shrub; II, Perennial grasses and sedges; III, Perennial forbs; IV, Annuals and biennials.
图3 克氏针茅群系模式植物群落物种的水分生态类型谱。TX: 典型旱生植物; MX: 中旱生植物; WX: 广旱生植物; XM: 旱中生植物; TM: 典型中生植物。
Fig. 3 Ecological type of water of the species in typical plant community of Form. Stipa krylovii. TX, Typical xerophytes; MX, Meso-xerophytes; WX, Wide xerophytes; XM, Xero-mesophytes; TM, Typical mesophytes.
图4 克氏针茅群系模式植物群落物种区系地理成分组成。MA: 亚洲中部成分; EA: 东亚成分; EPA: 东古北极成分; CA-MA: 中亚-亚洲中部成分; PA: 古北极成分; HA: 泛北极成分。
Fig. 4 Floristic geographic distribution of the species in typical plant community of Form. Stipa krylovii.MA, Middle Asia element; EA, East Asia element; EPA, East Palaearctic element; CA-MA, Central Asia-Middle Asia element; PA, Palaearctic element; HA, Holarctic element.
图5 克氏针茅群系模式植物群落物种的Domin盖度等级分布。 a: 1级盖度(0.1%); b: 2级盖度(0.1-1%); c: 3级盖度(1-4%); d: 4级盖度(5-10%); e: 5级盖度(11-25%)。
Fig. 5 Domin’s cover class distribution of the species in typical plant community of Form. Stipa krylovii. a, Cover class 1 (0.1%); b, Cover class 2 (0.1-1%); c, Cover class 3 (1-4%); d, Cover class 4 (5-10%); e, Cover class 5 (11-25%).
主样地 Main plot | 副样地 Auxiliary plot | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-10 cm | 10-20 cm | 20-30 cm | 30-40 cm | 0-10 cm | 10-20 cm | 20-30 cm | |
pH | 7.13 | 7.21 | 7.59 | 8.75 | 8.06 | 7.99 | 7.87 |
有机碳 Organic carbon (g/kg) | 32.12 | 33.93 | 29.11 | 5.20 | 12.95 | 2.62 | 1.14 |
全氮 Total N (g/kg) | 3.09 | 2.02 | 2.59 | 0.46 | 1.12 | 0.29 | 0.11 |
全磷 Total P (g/kg) | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.39 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
有效氮 Available N (mg/kg) | 176.93 | 126.51 | 70.39 | 8.34 | 57.07 | 12.37 | 9.99 |
有效磷 Available P (mg/kg) | 8.40 | 8.30 | 7.70 | 0.80 | 3.80 | 4.60 | 5.30 |
表2 百里香群系模式植物群落样地土壤理化性状
Table 2 Basic properties of typical plant community of Form. Thymus mongolicus
主样地 Main plot | 副样地 Auxiliary plot | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-10 cm | 10-20 cm | 20-30 cm | 30-40 cm | 0-10 cm | 10-20 cm | 20-30 cm | |
pH | 7.13 | 7.21 | 7.59 | 8.75 | 8.06 | 7.99 | 7.87 |
有机碳 Organic carbon (g/kg) | 32.12 | 33.93 | 29.11 | 5.20 | 12.95 | 2.62 | 1.14 |
全氮 Total N (g/kg) | 3.09 | 2.02 | 2.59 | 0.46 | 1.12 | 0.29 | 0.11 |
全磷 Total P (g/kg) | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.39 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
有效氮 Available N (mg/kg) | 176.93 | 126.51 | 70.39 | 8.34 | 57.07 | 12.37 | 9.99 |
有效磷 Available P (mg/kg) | 8.40 | 8.30 | 7.70 | 0.80 | 3.80 | 4.60 | 5.30 |
图6 百里香群系模式植物群落物种的生活型谱。I: 半灌木和小半灌木; II: 多年生禾草和薹草; III: 多年生杂类草; IV: 一、二年生草本植物。
Fig. 6 Life form spectrum of the species in typical plant community of Form. Thymus mongolicus.I, Semi-shrub and dwarf semi-shrub; II, Perennial grass and sedge; III, Perennial forbs; IV, Annuals and biennials.
图7 百里香群系模式植物群落物种的水分生态类型谱。TX: 典型旱生植物; MX: 中旱生植物; WX: 广旱生植物; XM: 旱中生植物; TM: 典型中生植物。
Fig. 7 Ecological type of water of the species in typical plant community of Form. Thymus mongolicus. TX, Typical xerophytes; MX, Meso-xerophytes; WX, Wide xerophytes; XM, Xero-mesophytes; TM, Typical mesophytes.
图8 百里香群系模式植物群落物种区系地理成分组成。MA: 亚洲中部成分; EA: 东亚成分; EPA: 东古北极成分; CA-MA: 中亚-亚洲中部成分; PA: 古北极成分; HA: 泛北极成分。
Fig. 8 Floristic geographic distribution of the species in typical plant community of Form. Thymus mongolicus. MA, Middle Asia element; EA, East Asia element; EPA, East Palaearctic element; CA-MA, Central Asia-Middle Asia element; PA, Palaearctic element; HA, Holarctic element.
图9 百里香群系模式植物群落物种的Domin盖度等级分布。a: 1级盖度(0.1%); b: 2级盖度(0.1-1%); c: 3级盖度(1-4%); d: 4级盖度(5-10%); e: 5级盖度(11-25%)。
Fig. 9 Domin’s cover class distribution of the species in typical plant community of Form. Thymus mongolicus.a, Cover class 1 (0.1%); b, Cover class 2 (0.1-1%); c, Cover class 3 (1-4%); d, Cover class 4 (5-10%); e, Cover class 5 (11-25%).
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