生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 24443.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024443  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024443

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

外来传粉者对本地植物‒传粉者相互作用的影响

张婵1(), 赵苏雅1, 张欣然1, 王依凡1, 王林林2,*()()   

  1. 1.河南师范大学生命科学学院, 河南新乡 453007
    2.中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室, 昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-11 接受日期:2024-12-03 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-03-17
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: wanglinlin0328@mail.kib.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32271604);国家自然科学基金(32370229);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202410476018)

Impacts of alien pollinators on native plant‒pollinator interactions

Zhang Chan1(), Zhao Suya1, Zhang Xinran1, Wang Yifan1, Wang Linlin2,*()()   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
    2 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
  • Received:2024-10-11 Accepted:2024-12-03 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-03-17
  • Contact: *E-mail: wanglinlin0328@mail.kib.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271604);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370229);National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410476018)

摘要:

随着虫媒作物对传粉服务的需求日益增加, 导致人工养殖的外来传粉者在全球范围内数量激增并大面积扩散, 对本地植物‒传粉者之间的互利关系造成极大影响, 严重威胁当地生物多样性和生态系统稳定性。该文综述了外来传粉者对本地植物、本地传粉者以及传粉网络3个方面的影响。(1)外来传粉者与本地传粉者在形态特征和访花行为上的差异, 使其对本地植物而言往往是低效或者无效的传粉者, 从而对植物的繁殖成功造成负面影响; 但是在传粉限制环境中, 外来传粉者也可能起到重要的补充授粉作用。外来传粉者特定的访花偏好和对本地传粉者访花行为的影响会改变植物的花粉流和基因流, 从而使植物种群的遗传结构发生变化。此外, 外来传粉者会对植物的资源分配策略和花部结构发育施加新的选择压力, 进而引导花部特征的适应性演变。(2)外来传粉者与本地传粉者会形成资源竞争或捕食关系, 还可能干扰本地传粉者的生殖过程或造成病原体传播, 从而对本地传粉者的物种多样性和丰富度构成极大威胁。(3)由于大多数外来传粉者都是泛化传粉者, 促使它们能够很快整合到新生境的传粉网络中, 与本地植物形成大量新的连接, 往往使整个传粉网络的泛化水平和嵌套化程度升高, 最终对传粉网络的稳定性产生深远影响。目前, 我国针对外来传粉者的研究主要侧重于农业授粉应用, 今后, 应该更加重视外来传粉者进入自然生态系统后对本地开花植物、传粉者以及两者之间互作网络的结构和功能的影响机制研究, 需要全面考虑物种、群落和生态系统3个不同的层次, 同时扩展研究的地理尺度和时间尺度, 在研究中注意结合新技术和新方法, 并考虑全球变暖和农业集约化等趋势的影响。在外来传粉者在我国的分布区持续扩大的现状下, 为保护本地植物和传粉者物种多样性, 维持自然生态系统的原真性和稳定性, 需要: (1)做好外来传粉者的引种规划和防控管理工作; (2)建立本地传粉者自然保护区, 确定优先保护物种和优先保护区域; (3)大力开发和保护本地传粉者为农作物提供授粉服务, 避免引入外来传粉者而导致生态危害。

关键词: 外来传粉者, 本地植物, 本地传粉者, 传粉网络

Abstract

Background & Aim: In recent years, the global rise in demand for pollination services of insect-pollinated crops has led to a surge in the use of managed alien pollinators. This extensive proliferation significantly impacts mutualistic relationship between native plants and pollinators, posing serious threats to local biodiversity and ecosystem stability.

Progresses: This article reviews the impacts of alien pollinators on native plants, native pollinators and pollination networks. (1) Morphological and behavioral differences between alien and native pollinators often render the former inefficient or ineffective pollinators for native plants, negatively affecting plant reproductive success. However, in pollination-limited environments, alien pollinators may supplement pollination effectively. The specific flower-visiting preferences of alien pollinators and their impact on the flower-visiting behavior of native pollinators alter pollen flow, gene flow, and consequently, the genetic structure of plant populations. In addition, alien pollinators also exert new selective pressures on floral traits, driving adaptive evolution in plant populations. (2) Alien pollinators may outcompete or prey on native pollinators, disrupt their reproductive process, or spread of pathogens, thereby threatening the diversity and abundance of native pollinators species. (3) As generalist species, alien pollinators integrate rapidly into the pollination networks, forming numerous new connections with native plants. This often increases the generalization and nestedness of the entire pollination network, profoundly affecting its stability.

Prospects: In China, research on alien pollinators has mainly focused on their agricultural pollinations. In the future, we should: (1) Investigate the mechanisms trough which alien pollinators impact native flowering plants, pollinators, and the structure and function of pollination network. (2) Expand research level across species, communities and ecosystems. (3) Broaden the geographical and temporal scales of research, incorporating advanced technologies and methodologies, while accounting for global warming and agricultural intensification.

Suggestions: Given the continuous expansion of alien pollinator distribution in China, measures are urgently needed to protect native plant and pollinator diversity, and to maintain ecosystem authenticity and stability. (1) Strategic planning is necessary for the introduction and management of alien pollinators. (2) Establish native pollinator nature reserves, with priority species and conservation area. (3) Additionally, the promotion and conservation of native pollinators are essential to provide sustainable pollination services for crops, and to avoid ecological damage caused by the introduction of alien pollinators.

Key words: alien pollinators, native plants, native pollinators, pollination network