秦岭主梁北坡黄喉貂的种间关联与保护

doi:10.17520/biods.2025186

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 25186. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025186 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025186

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

秦岭主梁北坡黄喉貂的种间关联与保护

罗颖璐¹, 崔巍², 朱代博³, 卜书海⁴, 郑雪莉¹^,^*()

¹ 西北农林科技大学林学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
² 西安市小王涧国有生态林场, 西安 710000
³ 陕西周至国家级自然保护区管理局, 陕西周至 710400
⁴ 西北农林科技大学生命科学学院, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2025-05-19 接受日期:2025-10-23 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2026-01-09
通讯作者: *E-mail: zhengxueli@nwsuaf.edu.com
基金资助:
陕西周至国家级自然保护区2024年中央财政林业草原生态保护恢复资金项目——动物调查(SXHC2024-146)

Interspecific associations and conservation implications of the yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains

Yinglu Luo¹, Wei Cui², Daibo Zhu³, Shuhai Bu⁴, Xueli Zheng¹^,^*()

¹ College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
² Xiaowangjian National Ecological Forest Farm of Xi’an, Xi’an 710000, China
³ Shaanxi Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Zhouzhi, Shaanxi 710400, China
⁴ College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

Received:2025-05-19 Accepted:2025-10-23 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2026-01-09
Supported by:
2024 Central Financial Fund for Forest and Grassland Ecological Protection and Restoration of Shaanxi Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve: Animal Survey Project(SXHC2024-146)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明晰物种间的空间关联网络是理解群落结构的关键, 有利于揭示种间生态学关系和阐述物种的共存机制。在秦岭北坡的复杂生境中, 黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)为中型食肉动物的代表, 对动物种群规模及植被资源分配的影响逐渐增加。本研究对秦岭主梁北坡2019-2024年所获83台红外相机数据进行分析, 构建黄喉貂与该区域地栖鸟兽的种间关联网络。结果显示: (1)在拍摄到的6目13科29种地栖动物中, 黄喉貂与14个物种存在空间关联, 其中黄喉貂与野猪(Sus scrofa)、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)、中华扭角羚(Budorcas tibetana)和毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus) 4个物种呈偏利生态关系, 与其余10个物种呈对称生态学关系。(2)黄喉貂对该区域群落稳定性的贡献率排名第二, 仅次于川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)。关联网络中共识别出14个核心物种(如川金丝猴、毛冠鹿和亚洲黑熊Ursus thibetanus等)和9个外周物种(如中华鬣羚Capricornis milneedwardsii和隐纹花鼠Tamiops swinhoei等)。黄喉貂在食物网中占据核心节点, 是网络中最积极的物种之一, 特别在大型食肉动物稀少的秦岭森林生态系统中, 对维持群落稳定发挥着重要作用。

关键词: 黄喉貂, 生态学关系, 种间关联, 空间关联网络, 秦岭北坡

Abstract

Aims: Species spatial association networks are crucial for understanding community structure, revealing interspecific ecological relationships, and elucidating species coexistence mechanisms. The yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula), a representative medium-sized carnivore on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains, exerts a significant impact on the population structure of other animals and vegetation resource allocation. This study investigates its interspecific associations with ground-dwelling birds and mammals in this ecologically complex region.

Methods: We conducted interspecific association analysis using data from 83 infrared camera-traps deployed on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains’ main ridge during 2019-2024, and further constructed an association network between the yellow-throated marten and sympatric ground-dwelling birds and mammals in this area.

Results: (1) Among 29 ground-dwelling species (belonging to 6 orders and 13 families) captured by the cameras, the yellow-throated marten showed significant positive spatial associations with 14 species. It exhibited commensal ecological relationships with four species, namely wild boar (Sus scrofa), Reeves’s muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), Chinese takin (Budorcas tibetana), and tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus), while displaying symmetric ecological relationships with the remaining 10 species. (2) The yellow-throated marten contributed the second-highest to community stability, surpassed only by the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana). Fourteen species, including the golden snub-nosed monkey, tufted deer, and Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), were identified as core network species, whereas nine species (e.g., Chinese serow (Capricornis milneedwardsii), and masked palm squirrel (Tamiops swinhoei)) were peripheral. The yellow-throated marten is one of the most active species in the network. Particularly in the Qinling forest ecosystem where large carnivores are scarce, it plays a vital role in maintaining community stability.

Conclusion: This study highlights the yellow-throated marten’s ecological significance and underscores the need for targeted conservation strategies to preserve interspecific interactions and community stability in the northern Qinling Mountains.

Key words: Martes flavigula, ecological relationships, spatial associations, spatial association network, northern slope of the Qinling Mountains

罗颖璐, 崔巍, 朱代博, 卜书海, 郑雪莉 (2025) 秦岭主梁北坡黄喉貂的种间关联与保护. 生物多样性, 33, 25186. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025186.

Yinglu Luo, Wei Cui, Daibo Zhu, Shuhai Bu, Xueli Zheng (2025) Interspecific associations and conservation implications of the yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25186. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025186.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025186

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I12/25186

图/表 6

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目 Order	科 Family	种 Species	保护级别 Protection category	独立有效照片数 No. of independent valid photos	位点占有率 Site occupancy
食肉目 Carnivora	熊科 Ursidae	亚洲黑熊 Ursus thibetanus	II	61	35%
	鼬科 Mustelidae	猪獾 Arctonyx collaris		233	33%
		亚洲狗獾 Meles leucurus		1	1%
		黄喉貂 Martes flavigula	II	188	41%
		黄鼬 Mustela sibirica		7	2%
	猫科 Felidae	豹 Panthera pardus	I	31	14%
		豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	II	71	24%
		金猫 Catopuma temminckii	I	1	1%
	灵猫科 Viverridae	花面狸 Paguma larvata		49	13%
鲸偶蹄目 Cetartiodactyla	牛科 Bovidae	中华扭角羚 Budorcas tibetana	I	1,257	76%
		中华斑羚 Naemorhedus griseus	II	206	40%
		中华鬣羚 Capricornis milneedwardsii	II	113	37%
	鹿科 Cervidae	小麂 Muntiacus reevesi		1,793	77%
	鹿科 Cervidae	毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	II	628	75%
	麝科 Moschidae	林麝 Moschus berezovskii	I	34	25%
	猪科 Suidae	野猪 Sus scrofa		1,503	80%
劳亚食虫目 Eulipotyphla	猬科 Erinaceidae	东方林猬 Mesechinus orientalis		6	4%
啮齿目 Rodentia	豪猪科 Hystricidae	马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyura		366	48%
	松鼠科 Sciuridae	岩松鼠 Sciurotamias davidianus		1,524	43%
		隐纹花鼠 Tamiops swinhoei		19	6%
		花鼠 Tamias sibiricus		59	7%
		珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi		7	2%
灵长目 Primates	猴科 Cercopithecidae	川金丝猴 Rhinopithecus roxellana	I	288	59%
鸡形目 Galliformes	雉科 Phasianidae	血雉 Ithaginis cruentus	II	5	4%
		红腹角雉 Tragopan temminckii	II	44	23%
		勺鸡 Pucrasia macrolopha	II	36	14%
		雉鸡 Phasianus colchicus		3	4%
		红腹锦鸡 Chrysolophus pictus	II	137	20%
		灰胸竹鸡 Bambusicola thoracicus		3	1%

目 Order	科 Family	种 Species	保护级别 Protection category	独立有效照片数 No. of independent valid photos	位点占有率 Site occupancy
食肉目 Carnivora	熊科 Ursidae	亚洲黑熊 Ursus thibetanus	II	61	35%
	鼬科 Mustelidae	猪獾 Arctonyx collaris		233	33%
		亚洲狗獾 Meles leucurus		1	1%
		黄喉貂 Martes flavigula	II	188	41%
		黄鼬 Mustela sibirica		7	2%
	猫科 Felidae	豹 Panthera pardus	I	31	14%
		豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	II	71	24%
		金猫 Catopuma temminckii	I	1	1%
	灵猫科 Viverridae	花面狸 Paguma larvata		49	13%
鲸偶蹄目 Cetartiodactyla	牛科 Bovidae	中华扭角羚 Budorcas tibetana	I	1,257	76%
		中华斑羚 Naemorhedus griseus	II	206	40%
		中华鬣羚 Capricornis milneedwardsii	II	113	37%
	鹿科 Cervidae	小麂 Muntiacus reevesi		1,793	77%
	鹿科 Cervidae	毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	II	628	75%
	麝科 Moschidae	林麝 Moschus berezovskii	I	34	25%
	猪科 Suidae	野猪 Sus scrofa		1,503	80%
劳亚食虫目 Eulipotyphla	猬科 Erinaceidae	东方林猬 Mesechinus orientalis		6	4%
啮齿目 Rodentia	豪猪科 Hystricidae	马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyura		366	48%
	松鼠科 Sciuridae	岩松鼠 Sciurotamias davidianus		1,524	43%
		隐纹花鼠 Tamiops swinhoei		19	6%
		花鼠 Tamias sibiricus		59	7%
		珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi		7	2%
灵长目 Primates	猴科 Cercopithecidae	川金丝猴 Rhinopithecus roxellana	I	288	59%
鸡形目 Galliformes	雉科 Phasianidae	血雉 Ithaginis cruentus	II	5	4%
		红腹角雉 Tragopan temminckii	II	44	23%
		勺鸡 Pucrasia macrolopha	II	36	14%
		雉鸡 Phasianus colchicus		3	4%
		红腹锦鸡 Chrysolophus pictus	II	137	20%
		灰胸竹鸡 Bambusicola thoracicus		3	1%

物种 Species	Phi值 Phi coefficient (r_φ)	显著值 Significance (χ²)	P
川金丝猴 Rhinopithecus roxellana	0.59	26.90	< 0.05
马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyura	0.52	20.41	< 0.05
岩松鼠 Sciurotamias davidianus	0.51	19.29	< 0.05
豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	0.50	18.80	< 0.05
毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	0.48	17.31	< 0.05
中华鬣羚 Capricornis milneedwardsii	0.47	16.49	< 0.05
林麝 Moschus berezovskii	0.47	16.44	< 0.05
猪獾 Arctonyx collaris	0.47	16.17	< 0.05
小麂 Muntiacus reevesi	0.40	11.14	< 0.05
野猪 Sus scrofa	0.36	9.13	< 0.05
勺鸡 Pucrasia macrolopha	0.35	8.47	< 0.05
花面狸 Paguma larvata	0.32	6.91	< 0.05
亚洲黑熊 Ursus thibetanus	0.31	6.92	< 0.05
中华扭角羚 Budorcas tibetana	0.30	6.00	< 0.05

物种 Species	Phi值 Phi coefficient (r_φ)	显著值 Significance (χ²)	P
川金丝猴 Rhinopithecus roxellana	0.59	26.90	< 0.05
马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyura	0.52	20.41	< 0.05
岩松鼠 Sciurotamias davidianus	0.51	19.29	< 0.05
豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	0.50	18.80	< 0.05
毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	0.48	17.31	< 0.05
中华鬣羚 Capricornis milneedwardsii	0.47	16.49	< 0.05
林麝 Moschus berezovskii	0.47	16.44	< 0.05
猪獾 Arctonyx collaris	0.47	16.17	< 0.05
小麂 Muntiacus reevesi	0.40	11.14	< 0.05
野猪 Sus scrofa	0.36	9.13	< 0.05
勺鸡 Pucrasia macrolopha	0.35	8.47	< 0.05
花面狸 Paguma larvata	0.32	6.91	< 0.05
亚洲黑熊 Ursus thibetanus	0.31	6.92	< 0.05
中华扭角羚 Budorcas tibetana	0.30	6.00	< 0.05

预测物种 Predicting species	被预测物种 Predicted species	L_B (上限 Upper)	λ_BO (下限 Lower)	P
小麂 Muntiacus reevesi	黄喉貂 Martes flavigula	0.441	0.068	≤ 0.05
毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	黄喉貂 Martes flavigula	0.382	0.006	≤ 0.05
中华扭角羚 Budorcas tibetana	黄喉貂 Martes flavigula	0.412	0.037	≤ 0.05
野猪 Sus scrofa	黄喉貂 Martes flavigula	0.500	0.133	≤ 0.05
黄喉貂 Martes flavigula	小麂 Muntiacus reevesi	-0.789	-1.715	> 0.05
黄喉貂 Martes flavigula	毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	-0.619	-1.398	> 0.05
黄喉貂 Martes flavigula	中华扭角羚 Budorcas tibetana	-0.700	-1.548	> 0.05
黄喉貂 Martes flavigula	野猪 Sus scrofa	-1.000	-2.118	> 0.05

秦岭主梁北坡黄喉貂的种间关联与保护

Interspecific associations and conservation implications of the yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains

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物种 Species	种对数 No. of associated species (N)	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H)	网络复杂性贡献率 Network complexity contribution rate (C_i) (%)
川金丝猴 Rhinopithecus roxellana*	15	2.670	6.61
黄喉貂 Martes flavigula*	14	2.618	6.48
豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis*	14	2.613	6.47
毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus*	14	2.608	6.45
林麝 Moschus berezovskii*	12	2.465	6.10
马来豪猪 Hystrix brachyura*	12	2.464	6.10
猪獾 Arctonyx collaris*	11	2.379	5.89
岩松鼠 Sciurotamias davidianus*	11	2.375	5.88
野猪 Sus scrofa*	10	2.282	5.65
中华扭角羚 Budorcas tibetana*	9	2.185	5.41
红腹锦鸡 Chrysolophus pictus*	9	2.160	5.35
亚洲黑熊 Ursus thibetanus*	8	2.069	5.12
花面狸 Paguma larvata*	8	2.057	5.09
小麂 Muntiacus reevesi*	6	1.775	4.39
中华鬣羚 Capricornis milneedwardsii	5	1.601	3.96
红腹角雉 Tragopan temminckii	5	1.570	3.89
花鼠 Tamias sibiricus	4	1.374	3.40
勺鸡 Pucrasia macrolopha	4	1.367	3.38
中华斑羚 Naemorhedus griseus	3	1.105	2.82
豹 Panthera pardus	3	1.096	2.71
东方林猬 Mesechinus orientalis	2	0.677	1.67
血雉 Ithaginis cruentus	1	0.000	0.00
隐纹花鼠 Tamiops swinhoei	1	0.000	0.00

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[2]	余玉群, 吴建平, 郭松涛, 何鹏举, 姬明周, 胡永乐. 秦岭北坡雉类种群密度和群落结构的初步研究[J]. 生物多样性, 2000, 08(1): 60-64.