全球生物多样性信息网络(GBIF)的发展路径及启示

doi:10.17520/biods.2025195

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 25195. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025195 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025195

全球生物多样性信息网络(GBIF)的发展路径及启示

赵晓倩¹^,²^,³(), 许哲平⁴^,⁵^,^*()(), 吴慧¹^,²^,³^,^*()()

1.中国科学院植物研究所大数据与AI生物多样性保护研究中心, 北京 100093
2.中国科学院植物科学数据中心, 北京 100093
3.国家植物园, 北京 100093
4.中国科学院文献情报中心, 北京 100190
5.中国科学院大学经济与管理学院, 北京 100190

收稿日期:2025-05-27 接受日期:2025-09-02 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-11-21
通讯作者: * 共同通讯作者 E-mail: wuhui@ibcas.ac.cn; xuzp@mail.las.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB1080101);国家基础学科公共科学数据中心项目-植物主题数据库(NBSDC-DB-06);中国科学院网络安全和信息化专项(CAS-WX2022SDC);科技部基地与人才专项(2022XJKK1505)

Development path and implications of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility

Xiaoqian Zhao¹^,²^,³(), Zheping Xu⁴^,⁵^,^*()(), Hui Wu¹^,²^,³^,^*()()

1 Big Data and AI Biodiversity Conservation Research Center, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
2 Plant Science Data Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
3 China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
4 National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
5 School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2025-05-27 Accepted:2025-09-02 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-11-21
Contact: * Co-authors for correspondence. E-mail: wuhui@ibcas.ac.cn; xuzp@mail.las.ac.cn
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB1080101);National Basic Science Data Center “Subject Database of China Plant”(NBSDC-DB-06);Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS-WX2022SDC);Base and Talent Special Project of Ministry of Science and Technology(2022XJKK1505)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物多样性数据是推动生物多样性科学发展与实现有效保护的关键战略资源。全球生物多样性信息网络(GBIF)作为全球最具影响力的生物多样性信息共享平台, 构建了覆盖全球的协作网络, 汇聚并整合来自世界各地的高质量数据资源, 为科学研究、政策制定与管理决策提供重要支撑。本文系统梳理了GBIF的发展历程、组织架构、关键举措与重要成效, 重点分析其在促进科研与决策创新应用、推进协同治理机制、构建全球网络体系、强化数据基础设施等方面的可借鉴经验。结合我国数据基础设施的发展潜力, 研究提出建立顶层协调统筹机制、强化研究基础设施建设、完善国家级数据创新应用平台、深入服务科研创新和决策优化的建议, 以期为我国相关工作的开展和推进提供有益参考。

关键词: 全球生物多样性信息网络, 生物多样性数据, 大数据, 数据共享, 国家基础设施

Abstract

Background & Aims: Biodiversity data serve as a fundamental basis for advancing biodiversity science and achieving effective conservation outcomes. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), as the most influential biodiversity information platform, has established a global collaborative network and integrated over 3 billion species occurrence records from across the globe. These resources provide essential support for scientific research, policy-making, and management decisions. This study aims to systematically examine the key initiatives and corresponding achievements of the GBIF. Drawing on an analysis of China’s current practices and challenges in biodiversity data development, the study seeks to provide well-founded recommendations and insights to inform the advancement of relevant national platforms.

Progresses: This paper systematically reviews the development history, organizational structure, key initiatives, and major achievements of GBIF, and analyzes its valuable experiences in promoting innovation in scientific research and policy-making, enhancing coordination mechanisms, developing a global network, and strengthening infrastructure. Over 12,000 peer-reviewed publications have cited GBIF data, and the platform has been widely recognized by international organizations such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), and the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON). The development of China’s biodiversity data platforms commenced at a relatively early stage and have yielded substantial outcomes. However, challenges remain in their development, limiting the full application potential of China’s biodiversity data in scientific research and policy-making.

Prospects: Based on the development potential of biodiversity data infrastructure in China, the paper proposes recommendations such as establishing a top-level coordination mechanism, enhancing research infrastructure, improving national-level platforms for data-driven innovation, and deepening support for scientific and policy decision-making, aiming to provide practical insights for the planning and development of related platforms in China.

Key words: Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), biodiversity data, big data, data sharing, national infrastructure

赵晓倩, 许哲平, 吴慧 (2025) 全球生物多样性信息网络(GBIF)的发展路径及启示. 生物多样性, 33, 25195. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025195.

Xiaoqian Zhao, Zheping Xu, Hui Wu (2025) Development path and implications of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25195. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025195.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025195

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I10/25195

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参考文献 61

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合作伙伴 Partners	类型 Type	伙伴关系 Partnership	合作内容及成效 Collaboration content and achievements
联合国生物多样性公约 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)	全球治理框架与政策协调机构 Global governance frameworks and policy coordination organization	观察员 Observer	数据支撑爱知生物多样性目标中15个目标(CBD, 2016)和《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》的多个行动目标(CBD, 2024) Data supports the 15 Aichi Biodiversity Targets (CBD, 2016) and multiple action targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (CBD, 2024)
联合国可持续发展目标 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)	全球治理框架与政策协调机构 Global governance frameworks and policy coordination organization	数据合作 Data partnership	数据支撑SDG 13、14、15多个指标 Data underpin multiple indicators of SDG 13, 14, and 15
世界卫生组织 World Health Organization (WHO)	全球治理框架与政策协调机构 Global governance frameworks and policy coordination organization	数据合作 Data partnership	合作协调全球人类疫病相关的生物多样性数据70万条 Collaboratively coordinate 700,000 global biodiversity data related to human infectious diseases
政府间气候变化专门委员会Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)	科学评估机构 Science-based assessment organization	观察员 Observer	3.8亿条数据支持IPCC特别报告的生物多样性调查结果(Warren et al, 2018) A total of 380 million data records underpin the biodiversity findings presented in the IPCC Special Report (Warren et al, 2018)
生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台 Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)	科学评估机构 Science-based assessment organization	观察员、数据和知识工作组和能力建设工作组成员 Observer; task group member: knowledge and data, capacity-building	数据支撑生物多样性丧失的关键驱动因子评估(IPBES, 2023), 并建立工作组应对IPBES外来入侵物种评估的需求 Data underpin the assessment of key drivers of biodiversity loss (IPBES, 2023) and has formed a working group to respond to the requirements of the IPBES invasive alien species assessment
全球生物多样性监测网络 Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON)	科学评估机构 Science-based assessment organization	咨询委员会成员 Advisory Committee member	数据支撑基本生物多样性变量(essential biodiversity variables, EBVs)指标生成 Data underpins the generation of indicators for essential biodiversity variables (EBVs)
世界自然保护联盟 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)	科学评估机构 Science-based assessment organization	数据合作 Data partnership	数据支撑IUCN 15,000份单独评估、2022年IUCN红色名录更新; 区域节点参与名录评估工作 Data underpin 15,000 separate assessments conducted by IUCN and the 2022 update of the IUCN Red List, with regional nodes involved in the assessment process

合作伙伴 Partners	类型 Type	伙伴关系 Partnership	合作内容及成效 Collaboration content and achievements
联合国生物多样性公约 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)	全球治理框架与政策协调机构 Global governance frameworks and policy coordination organization	观察员 Observer	数据支撑爱知生物多样性目标中15个目标(CBD, 2016)和《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》的多个行动目标(CBD, 2024) Data supports the 15 Aichi Biodiversity Targets (CBD, 2016) and multiple action targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (CBD, 2024)
联合国可持续发展目标 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)	全球治理框架与政策协调机构 Global governance frameworks and policy coordination organization	数据合作 Data partnership	数据支撑SDG 13、14、15多个指标 Data underpin multiple indicators of SDG 13, 14, and 15
世界卫生组织 World Health Organization (WHO)	全球治理框架与政策协调机构 Global governance frameworks and policy coordination organization	数据合作 Data partnership	合作协调全球人类疫病相关的生物多样性数据70万条 Collaboratively coordinate 700,000 global biodiversity data related to human infectious diseases
政府间气候变化专门委员会Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)	科学评估机构 Science-based assessment organization	观察员 Observer	3.8亿条数据支持IPCC特别报告的生物多样性调查结果(Warren et al, 2018) A total of 380 million data records underpin the biodiversity findings presented in the IPCC Special Report (Warren et al, 2018)
生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台 Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)	科学评估机构 Science-based assessment organization	观察员、数据和知识工作组和能力建设工作组成员 Observer; task group member: knowledge and data, capacity-building	数据支撑生物多样性丧失的关键驱动因子评估(IPBES, 2023), 并建立工作组应对IPBES外来入侵物种评估的需求 Data underpin the assessment of key drivers of biodiversity loss (IPBES, 2023) and has formed a working group to respond to the requirements of the IPBES invasive alien species assessment
全球生物多样性监测网络 Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON)	科学评估机构 Science-based assessment organization	咨询委员会成员 Advisory Committee member	数据支撑基本生物多样性变量(essential biodiversity variables, EBVs)指标生成 Data underpins the generation of indicators for essential biodiversity variables (EBVs)
世界自然保护联盟 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)	科学评估机构 Science-based assessment organization	数据合作 Data partnership	数据支撑IUCN 15,000份单独评估、2022年IUCN红色名录更新; 区域节点参与名录评估工作 Data underpin 15,000 separate assessments conducted by IUCN and the 2022 update of the IUCN Red List, with regional nodes involved in the assessment process

全球生物多样性信息网络(GBIF)的发展路径及启示

Development path and implications of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility

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