中华鬣羚行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立

doi:10.17520/biods.2021207

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 1650-1657. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021207

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

中华鬣羚行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立

刘怀君¹^,², 吕旭²^,⁵, 王晓芳², 寇卫利³^,^*(), 缪国辉²^,⁴, 袁华¹

1.西南林业大学林学院, 昆明 650224
2.理县林业和草原局, 四川理县 623100
3.西南林业大学大数据与智能工程学院, 昆明 650224
4.什邡市自然资源和规划局, 四川什邡 618400
5.四川米亚罗自然保护区, 四川理县 623100

收稿日期:2021-05-23 接受日期:2021-07-20 出版日期:2021-12-20 发布日期:2021-08-20
通讯作者: 寇卫利
作者简介:*E-mail: kwl_eric@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31760181);国家自然科学基金(31400493);云南省农业基础研究联合专项项目(2017FG001-034);云南省农业基础研究联合专项项目(2018FG001-059);生物资源数字化开发应用项目(202002AA10007)

Behavioral ethogram and posture-act-environment coding system of Capricornis sumatraensis

Huaijun Liu¹^,², Xu Lü²^,⁵, Xiaofang Wang², Weili Kou³^,^*(), Guohui Miu²^,⁴, Hua Yuan¹

1 College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
2 Lixian Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Lixian, Sichuan 623100
3 College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
4 Shifang Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Shifang, Sichuan 618400
5 Miyaluo Nature Reserve, Lixian, Sichuan 623100

Received:2021-05-23 Accepted:2021-07-20 Online:2021-12-20 Published:2021-08-20
Contact: Weili Kou

1. 附录1 中华鬣羚PAE编码系统.pdf(704KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

栖息地破碎化、人为干扰等因素影响着中华鬣羚(Capricornis sumatraensis)的生存。目前, 中华鬣羚的行为研究还比较匮乏, 因此有必要构建中华鬣羚的行为谱及PAE (posture-act-environment)编码系统, 以期促进其基础行为资料的完善, 为深入开展科学研究和保护工作奠定基础。本文旨在: (1)参照国内常用的动物行为编码方法, 以“姿势-动作-环境”为轴心, 建立中华鬣羚的行为谱及PAE编码系统, 并随机抽取20%的中华鬣羚视频作为检测样本, 对行为谱的实际使用效果进行测试。(2)对中华鬣羚的行为数据进行统计并通过计算行为多样性指数, 分析各特定年龄组间的行为多样性差异, 检验特定年龄组与行为多样性指数间的相关性。结果显示: (1)通过区别和归类中华鬣羚的10种姿势、80种动作、9种环境、78种行为, 首次建立了中华鬣羚的行为谱及PAE编码系统。经测试, 该行为谱能够客观地对中华鬣羚行为进行识别和归类。(2)与亚成体和幼体相比, 中华鬣羚成体特定行为类型的行为多样性指数(A_variable)、绝对行为多样性指数(A)、相对行为多样性指数(r)和校正行为多样性指数(r-variable)均为最高; 中华鬣羚亚成体特定行为类型的行为多样性指数(A_variable)、绝对行为多样性指数(A)、相对行为多样性指数(r)介于成体和幼体之间; 中华鬣羚幼体的特定行为类型的行为多样性指数(A_variable)、绝对行为多样性指数(A)和相对行为多样性指数(r)最低, 校正行为多样性指数(r-variable)高于亚成体。(3)中华鬣羚行为谱可用于其行为学研究, 今后应获取繁殖行为的图像数据, 更新行为谱及PAE编码系统。(4) 3个特定年龄组中华鬣羚的各行为多样性指数之间差异不显著(F = 0.013, P = 0.987), 从幼体到成体, 中华鬣羚的特定行为类型的行为多样性指数(A_variable)、绝对行为多样性指数(A)和相对行为多样性指数(r)随年龄的增大呈递增趋势。综上所述, 我们应深入研究中华鬣羚行为学, 为其保护工作提供科学支撑。

关键词: 中华鬣羚, 行为谱, PAE编码系统

Abstract

Aims: Habitat fragmentation and human disturbance are factors that affect the survival of Capricornis sumatraensis. Protecting C. sumatraensis, in-depth study of the behavioral and ecological characteristics of this species is the prerequisite and basis for taking necessary protective measures. Behavioral research of C. sumatraensis is relatively scarce, so it is necessary to build a behavioral ethogram and posture-act-environment (PAE) coding system of C. sumatraensis in order to promote the improvement of their basic behavior data, and lay the foundation for further scientific research and protection.
Methods: (1) Referring to the commonly used animal behavior coding methods in China, the behavior ethogram and PAE coding system of C. sumatraensis were established based on the PAE axis. Twenty percent of C. sumatraensis videos were randomly selected from the video database to test the effectiveness of the behavioral ethogram. (2) The behavioral data of C. sumatraensis were counted and the behavioral diversity index was calculated. The differences between the behavioral diversity of specific age groups were analyzed, and the correlation between specific age groups and behavioral diversity index was calculated.
Results: (1) This paper classifies 10 postures, 80 actions, 9 environments and 78 behaviors of C. sumatraensis, and establishes the behavior ethogram and PAE coding system of C. sumatraensis for the first time. Through the behavior ethogram, it can objectively identify and classify C. sumatraensis behaviors. (2) Compared with sub-adults and cub, adult C. sumatraensis had the highest A_variable, A, r, r-variable. The A_variable, A, r of C. sumatraensis sub-adults were lower than adults but higher than cub. Cub C. sumatraensis had the lowest A_variable, A, r, and the r-variable was higher than that of sub-adults. (3) The behavior ethogram of the C. sumatraensis can be generally used in the study of its behavior. The results could be improved by obtaining images of reproductive behavior, and updating the behavior ethogram and PAE coding system. (4) The behavioral diversity index of C. sumatraensis was not significantly different among the three age groups (F = 0.013, P = 0.987). From cub to adult, the A_variable, A, r of C. sumatraensis increased with age.
Conclusion: Further research on the behavior of C. sumatraensis is needed to provide scientific support for its protection.

Key words: Capricornis sumatraensis, behavior ethogram, PAE coding system

刘怀君, 吕旭, 王晓芳, 寇卫利, 缪国辉, 袁华 (2021) 中华鬣羚行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立. 生物多样性, 29, 1650-1657. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021207.

Huaijun Liu, Xu Lü, Xiaofang Wang, Weili Kou, Guohui Miu, Hua Yuan (2021) Behavioral ethogram and posture-act-environment coding system of Capricornis sumatraensis. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1650-1657. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021207.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021207

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I12/1650

图/表 4

参考文献 30

[1]	Bai RD, Cai YH, Zheng CL, Cheng JG, Fu WL, Sheng Y, Meng XX (2019) Relationship between behavioral diversity and musk secretion of captive forest musk deer. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 36, 343-348. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 白瑞丹, 蔡永华, 郑程莉, 程建国, 付文龙, 盛岩, 孟秀祥 (2019) 圈养林麝泌香期的行为多样性及与麝香分泌的关系. 浙江农林大学学报, 36, 343-348.]
[2]	Chen YC, Xiao L, Li XY (2013) Preliminary study on the population abundance and distribution of Chinese serow (Capricornis milneedwardsii) at Baima Xueshan Reserve. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 34, 253-255, 306. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 陈永春, 肖林, 李学友 (2013) 白马雪山中华鬣羚种群数量和分布初步调查. 野生动物, 34, 253-255, 306.]
[3]	Cui DY, Niu KF, Luen TC, Yang MY, Zhang YY, Zhang JG, Yang YQ (2014) Behavior coding and ethogram of Guizhou snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi). Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 33, 815-828. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 崔多英, 牛克锋, Luen TC, Yang MY, 张媛媛, 张金国, 杨业勤 (2014) 黔金丝猴的行为谱及PAE编码系统. 四川动物, 33, 815-828.]
[4]	Deng YP, Peng JJ, Peng J, Gao HM, Huang PY, Sun N, Wang X, Yuan XD, Zhou HY, Zhang CL (2020) Preliminary investigation on feeding habits of Moschus berezovskii in Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve in Chongqing. Journal of Chongqing Normal University (Natural Science), 37(3), 27-34, 146. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 邓亚平, 彭建军, 彭杰, 高红梅, 黄飘逸, 孙念, 王霞, 袁旭东, 周洪艳, 张承伦 (2020) 重庆市金佛山国家级自然保护区林麝食性的初步调查. 重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版), 37(3), 27-34, 146.]
[5]	Han HJ, Qiao JL, Cai YH, Cheng JG, Fu WL, Meng XX (2018) Behavioral diversity and influencing factors in captive forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii). Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research, 40(1), 1-4, 31. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 韩红金, 乔佳伦, 蔡永华, 程建国, 付文龙, 孟秀祥 (2018) 迁地保育林麝行为多样性及影响因素研究. 特产研究, 40(1), 1-4, 31.]
[6]	Hou J, Yan LL, Li L, Li YJ, Liao YS, Zhang JD (2020) Behavior coding and ethogram of the free-ranging giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Acta Theriologica Sinica, 40, 446-457. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 侯金, 严淋露, 黎亮, 李玉杰, 廖玉杉, 张晋东 (2020) 野生大熊猫行为谱及PAE编码系统. 兽类学报, 40, 446-457.]
[7]	Jiang ZG (2000) Behavior coding and ethogram of the Père David’s deer. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 20, 1-12. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 蒋志刚 (2000) 麋鹿行为谱及PAE编码系统. 兽类学报, 20, 1-12.]
[8]	Jiang ZG, Jiang JP, Wang YZ, Zhang E, Zhang YY, Li LL, Xie F, Cai B, Cao L, Zheng GM, Dong L, Zhang ZW, Ding P, Luo ZH, Ding CQ, Ma ZJ, Tang SH, Cao WX, Li CW, Hu HJ, Ma Y, Wu Y, Wang YX, Zhou KY, Liu SY, Chen YY, Li JT, Feng ZJ, Wang Y, Wang B, Li C, Song XL, Cai L, Zang CX, Zeng Y, Meng ZB, Fang HX, Ping XG (2016) Red List of China’s Vertebrates. Biodiversity Science, 24, 501-551. (in Chinese and in English)
	[ 蒋志刚, 江建平, 王跃招, 张鹗, 张雁云, 李立立, 谢锋, 蔡波, 曹亮, 郑光美, 董路, 张正旺, 丁平, 罗振华, 丁长青, 马志军, 汤宋华, 曹文宣, 李春旺, 胡慧建, 马勇, 吴毅, 王应祥, 周开亚, 刘少英, 陈跃英, 李家堂, 冯祚建, 王燕, 王斌, 李成, 宋雪琳, 蔡蕾, 臧春鑫, 曾岩, 孟智斌, 方红霞, 平晓鸽 (2016) 中国脊椎动物红色名录. 生物多样性, 24, 501-551.]
[9]	Li CW, Qu CM, Jin SY, He YG, Yang Q, Yang B, Wang CD, Liu SC, Li DS (2016) An analysis of serow mortality in Wolong Nature Reserve. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 37, 147-150. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 李才武, 瞿春茂, 金森燕, 何永果, 杨乾, 杨波, 王承东, 刘世才, 李德生 (2016) 卧龙自然保护区一鬣羚死亡原因剖析. 野生动物学报, 37, 147-150.]
[10]	Li GY (1993) Atlas of Birds in Sichuan. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[ 李桂垣 (1993) 四川鸟类原色图鉴. 中国林业出版社, 北京.]
[11]	Li Y, Ren BP, Li YH, Li DY, Hu J (2013) Behavior ethogram and PAE coding system of Rhinopithecus bieti. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 32, 641-650. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 李勇, 任宝平, 李艳红, 黎大勇, 胡杰 (2013) 滇金丝猴的行为谱及PAE编码系统. 四川动物, 32, 641-650.]
[12]	Liu B, An YT, Xue DD, Sun DM, Wang LB, Liu DY, Ren YJ, Shen H (2021) Impacts of human activities and protection measures on the survival of wild Elaphurus davidianus. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 40, 176-182. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 刘彬, 安玉亭, 薛丹丹, 孙大明, 王立波, 刘德元, 任义军, 沈华 (2021) 人类活动对野化麋鹿生存的影响及保护对策. 四川动物, 40, 176-182.]
[13]	Liu HJ, Kou WL, Lü X, Chen BQ, Huang P (2021) Study on the influence of yak grazing on activity of Chinese serow in Miyaluo Nature Reserve of Sichuan Province based on infrared camera monitoring. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 42, 14-20. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 刘怀君, 寇卫利, 吕旭, 陈帮乾, 黄萍 (2021) 基于红外相机监测研究四川米亚罗自然保护区牦牛放牧对鬣羚活动节律的影响. 野生动物学报, 42, 14-20.]
[14]	Liu XB, Wei W, Zheng XG, Zhao KH, He SW, Zhou WL (2017) Activity rhythms of golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) and satyr tragopan (Tragopan temminckii) revealed by infrared-triggered cameras. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 52, 194-202. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 刘小斌, 韦伟, 郑筱光, 赵凯辉, 何少文, 周文良 (2017) 红腹锦鸡和红腹角雉活动节律--基于红外相机监测数据. 动物学杂志, 52, 194-202.]
[15]	Long S, Zhou CQ, Wang WK, Hu JC, Huang YC, Tang L (2008) Behavior coding and ethogram of the dwarf blue sheep. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28, 5632-5640. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 龙帅, 周材权, 王维奎, 胡锦矗, 黄艺川, 唐伦 (2008) 矮岩羊(Pseudois schaeferi)行为谱及PAE编码系统. 生态学报, 28, 5632-5640.]
[16]	Lu X, Yuan XQ, Yu YJ, Hu JC (2007) Preliminary analysis of Capriconis sumatraensis classification and distribution. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 26, 929-930, 935. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 陆雪, 袁兴勤, 余依建, 胡锦矗 (2007) 鬣羚分类与分布的初步研究. 四川动物, 26, 929-930, 935.]
[17]	Meng XX, Yang QS, Feng ZJ, Xia L, Feng JC, Zhou YJ, Xu HF (2006) Behavioral diversity of captive alpine musk deer in Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 52, 1026-1033. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 孟秀祥, 杨奇森, 冯祚建, 夏霖, 冯金朝, 周宜君, 徐宏发 (2006) 兴隆山圈养马麝的行为多样性. 动物学报, 52, 1026- 1033.]
[18]	Mu J, Wang JJ, Zhang L, Li YB, Li ZM, Su HJ (2019) Field monitoring using infrared cameras and activity rhythm analysis on mammals and birds in Xishui National Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China. Biodiversity Science, 27, 683-688. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI URL
	[ 穆君, 王娇娇, 张雷, 李云波, 李筑眉, 粟海军 (2019) 贵州习水国家级自然保护区红外相机鸟兽监测及活动节律分析. 生物多样性, 27, 683-688.] DOI
[19]	Ning ZY, Dong GX, Tang H, Lan DY, Hu HJ (2017) Behavioral diversity of semi-captive hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) on the basis of the PAE coding system. Biodiversity Science, 25, 1008-1018. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI URL
	[ 宁致远, 董贵信, 唐虹, 蓝道英, 胡慧建 (2017) 基于PAE编码系统的半放养阿拉伯狒狒的行为多样性. 生物多样性, 25, 1008-1018.]
[20]	Shang YC (2014) Animal Behavior. Peking University Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[ 尚玉昌 (2014) 动物行为学. 北京大学出版社, 北京.]
[21]	Sun JX, Li JQ, Wan YQ, Li S, Guan TP, Wang J, Xia WC, Xu HG (2018) Study on the activity rhythms of nine ungulates in summer and autumn in Sichuan. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 34, 1003-1009. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 孙佳欣, 李佳琦, 万雅琼, 李晟, 官天培, 王杰, 夏万才, 徐海根 (2018) 四川9种有蹄类动物夏秋季活动节律研究. 生态与农村环境学报, 34, 1003- 1009.]
[22]	Tang Z, Yang J, Liu XH, Wang PY, Li ZY, Simon LC (2017) Activity pattern of Lophophorus lhuysii by camera-trapping in Wolong National Nature Reserve, China. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 36, 582-587. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 唐卓, 杨建, 刘雪华, 王鹏彦, 李周园, Simon LC (2017) 利用红外相机研究卧龙国家级自然保护区绿尾虹雉的活动规律. 四川动物, 36, 582-587.]
[23]	Tian JD, Wang ZL, Lu JQ, Guo XB, Liu JD (2011) PAE coding system-based ethogram of Taihangshan macaque (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis), Jiyuan, Henan Province, China. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 31, 125-140. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 田军东, 王振龙, 路纪琪, 郭相保, 刘金栋 (2011) 基于PAE编码系统的太行山猕猴行为谱. 兽类学报, 31, 125-140.]
[24]	Wang CY, Hu XB (2012) Serow behavior observation. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 33(1), 5-7, 53. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王才益, 胡新波 (2012) 鬣羚的行为观察. 野生动物, 33(1), 5-7,53.]
[25]	Wang P, Li YJ, Zhang JD, Yang J, Zhou CQ (2018) Ethogram and PAE coding system of wild Pseudois nayaur in Wolong National Nature Reserve. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 37, 211-218. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王盼, 李玉杰, 张晋东, 杨建, 周材权 (2018) 卧龙国家级自然保护区野生岩羊行为谱及PAE编码系统. 四川动物, 37, 211-218.]
[26]	Wang QY, He YC, Zhang MX, Song JP, Tao YX, Zhang ZY, Yan ZJ, Yang HP (2018) Application of infrared cameras for wildlife surveys in the Bulong Nature Reserve, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 38, 513-518. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王巧燕, 何有才, 张明霞, 宋军平, 陶永祥, 张忠员, 岩章尖, 杨鸿培 (2018) 利用红外相机技术调查云南布龙州级保护区野生动物. 兽类学报, 38, 513-518.]
[27]	Wang YZ, Hu JC (1998) Atlas of Animals in Sichuan. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[ 王酉之, 胡锦矗 (1998) 四川兽类原色图鉴. 中国林业出版社, 北京.]
[28]	Wu PJ, Guo GP, Zhang ED (2009) Study on interspecific relationship of habitat use by Budorcas taxicolor and Capricornis sumatraensis in southeast Tibet, China. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 44(4), 64-69. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 吴鹏举, 郭光普, 张恩迪 (2009) 藏东南地区羚牛和鬣羚栖息地利用的种间关系. 动物学杂志, 44(4), 64-69.]
[29]	Wu T, Lian XM, Miao ZY, Li HQ, Chen JP, Wang D, Zhang TZ (2021) Ethogram and PAE coding system for Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii). Chinese Journal of Ecology, 40, 1449-1457. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 吴彤, 连新明, 苗紫燕, 李宏奇, 陈佳萍, 王东, 张同作 (2021) 藏羚行为的PAE编码系统. 生态学杂志, 40, 1449-1457.]
[30]	Zhang JD, Li YJ, Huang JY, Bai WK, Zhou SQ, Li YH, Zhou CQ (2018) Behavior coding and ethogram of the sambar (Rusa unicolor) in field environment. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 38, 1-11. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 张晋东, 李玉杰, 黄金燕, 白文科, 周世强, 李应洪, 周材权 (2018) 利用红外相机建立野生水鹿行为谱及PAE编码系统. 兽类学报, 38, 1-11.]

姿势 Posture	编码 Code
站 Standing	1
跪 Kneeling	2
卧 Sitting	3
躺 Lying	4
行 Walking	5
跑 Running	6
跳 Jumping	7
攀爬 Climbing	8
顶 Butting	9
哺 Nursing	10

姿势 Posture	编码 Code
站 Standing	1
跪 Kneeling	2
卧 Sitting	3
躺 Lying	4
行 Walking	5
跑 Running	6
跳 Jumping	7
攀爬 Climbing	8
顶 Butting	9
哺 Nursing	10

动作 Acts	编码 Code	动作 Acts	编码 Code
头颈部 Head and neck		耳后伏 Ears laid back	41
摇头 Shake	1	鼻翼撑张 Nose-wing open	42
甩头 Toss	2	呼气 Expire	43
抬头 Head up	3	吸气 Inspire	44
回头 Turn back	4	嗅 Sniff	45
低头 Bow head	5	四肢 Limbs
左转 Turn left	6	直立 Stand	46
右转 Turn right	7	踏步 Step	47
后转 Turn back	8	前迈步 Step forward	48
顶 Bunt	9	后迈步 Step back	49
前伸 Extend forward	10	侧迈步 Step diagonal	50
角挠 Scratch with horn	11	跑 Run	51
角撞 Clash horn	12	跳 Jump	52
蹭 Rub	13	爬 Climb	53
擦 Wipe	14	前肢伸直 Foreleg straight	54
嘴部 Mouth		单前肢弯曲 One foreleg bends	55
啃 Gnaw	15	后肢伸直 Hindlegs straight	56
扯 Pull	16	单后肢弯曲 One hindleg bends	57
嚼 Chew	17	单后肢抬起 One hindleg hangs	58
舔 Lick	18	四肢对齐站立 Stand with four legs together	59
咬 Bite	19	前肢开叉站立 Stand with fore legs apart	60
舔嘴唇 Lick lip	20	后肢开叉站立 Stand with hind legs apart	61
张嘴 Open mouth	21	后肢蹲 Hind legs spuat	62
吐舌 Stick out tongue	22	刨 Paw	63
卷唇 Lip curl	23	挠 Scratch	64
流涎 Salivate	24	腰荐腹部 Hindquarter
咂嘴 Lip flipper	25	伸腰 Stretch	65
露齿 Show teeth	26	直腰 Back straight	66
吞咽 Swallow	27	弯腰 Bend	67
磨齿 Crind teeth	28	左转身 Turn left	68
闭嘴 Close mouth	29	右转身 Turn right	69
鸣叫 Bleat	30	转圈 Circle	70
眼鼻耳部 Eye, ear and nose		收腹 Contraction	71
闭眼 Close eyes	31	翘尾 Tail raised	72
眨眼 Nictation	32	卷尾 Tail arched	73
瞠目 Stare	33	扫尾 Tail swapped	74
注视 Watch	34	尾下垂 Tail down	75
观望 Attention	35	蹭 Rub	76
耳前转 Ears turn forward	36	抖动 Shieve	77
耳后转 Ears turn back	37	抽动 Twitch	78
耳侧立 Ears turn to aside	38	排粪 Defecate	79
扇动耳朵 Fan ear	39	排尿 Urinate	80
耳前伏 Ears laid forward	40

动作 Acts	编码 Code	动作 Acts	编码 Code
头颈部 Head and neck		耳后伏 Ears laid back	41
摇头 Shake	1	鼻翼撑张 Nose-wing open	42
甩头 Toss	2	呼气 Expire	43
抬头 Head up	3	吸气 Inspire	44
回头 Turn back	4	嗅 Sniff	45
低头 Bow head	5	四肢 Limbs
左转 Turn left	6	直立 Stand	46
右转 Turn right	7	踏步 Step	47
后转 Turn back	8	前迈步 Step forward	48
顶 Bunt	9	后迈步 Step back	49
前伸 Extend forward	10	侧迈步 Step diagonal	50
角挠 Scratch with horn	11	跑 Run	51
角撞 Clash horn	12	跳 Jump	52
蹭 Rub	13	爬 Climb	53
擦 Wipe	14	前肢伸直 Foreleg straight	54
嘴部 Mouth		单前肢弯曲 One foreleg bends	55
啃 Gnaw	15	后肢伸直 Hindlegs straight	56
扯 Pull	16	单后肢弯曲 One hindleg bends	57
嚼 Chew	17	单后肢抬起 One hindleg hangs	58
舔 Lick	18	四肢对齐站立 Stand with four legs together	59
咬 Bite	19	前肢开叉站立 Stand with fore legs apart	60
舔嘴唇 Lick lip	20	后肢开叉站立 Stand with hind legs apart	61
张嘴 Open mouth	21	后肢蹲 Hind legs spuat	62
吐舌 Stick out tongue	22	刨 Paw	63
卷唇 Lip curl	23	挠 Scratch	64
流涎 Salivate	24	腰荐腹部 Hindquarter
咂嘴 Lip flipper	25	伸腰 Stretch	65
露齿 Show teeth	26	直腰 Back straight	66
吞咽 Swallow	27	弯腰 Bend	67
磨齿 Crind teeth	28	左转身 Turn left	68
闭嘴 Close mouth	29	右转身 Turn right	69
鸣叫 Bleat	30	转圈 Circle	70
眼鼻耳部 Eye, ear and nose		收腹 Contraction	71
闭眼 Close eyes	31	翘尾 Tail raised	72
眨眼 Nictation	32	卷尾 Tail arched	73
瞠目 Stare	33	扫尾 Tail swapped	74
注视 Watch	34	尾下垂 Tail down	75
观望 Attention	35	蹭 Rub	76
耳前转 Ears turn forward	36	抖动 Shieve	77
耳后转 Ears turn back	37	抽动 Twitch	78
耳侧立 Ears turn to aside	38	排粪 Defecate	79
扇动耳朵 Fan ear	39	排尿 Urinate	80
耳前伏 Ears laid forward	40

环境 Environment	非生物环境 Abiotic	生物环境 Biotic	编码 Code	环境 Environment	非生物环境 Abiotic	生物环境 Biotic	编码 Code
乔木 Arbor		+	1	水源 Water	+		6
灌丛 Shrub		+	2	雄性 Male		+	7
石块 Stone	+		3	雌性 Female		+	8
山脊 Ridge	+		4	母幼 Mother and cub		+	9
山坡 Hillside	+		5

中华鬣羚行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立

Behavioral ethogram and posture-act-environment coding system of Capricornis sumatraensis

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

补充材料

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 4

参考文献 30

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

行为多样性指数 Behavioral diversity index	成体 Adult	亚成体 Subadult	幼体 Cub	平均 Average	年龄组与指数的相关性 Correlation between age group and index
行为多样性指数 Behavioral diversity index	成体 Adult	亚成体 Subadult	幼体 Cub	平均 Average	R	P
最大行为指数 Maximum diversity index (A_max)	6.29	6.29	6.29	6.29	-	-
特定行为类型的行为多样性指数 Specific types of behavior diversity index (A_variable)	6.17	5.75	5.29	5.74	1	0.017
绝对行为多样性指数 Absolute diversity index (A)	2.97	2.63	2.51	2.70	0.964	0.172
相对行为多样性指数 Relative diversity index (r)	0.47	0.42	0.40	0.43	0.971	0.154
校正行为多样性指数 Regulate diversity index (r-variable)	0.48	0.46	0.47	0.47	0.500	0.667