云南盈江3种犀鸟繁殖期的行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立

doi:10.17520/biods.2025250

生物多样性

云南盈江3种犀鸟繁殖期的行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立

杨恩美^1#, 杨祖伟^2#, 鲁茜¹, 左安如², 李月体2, 段玉宝^1*

1. 西南林业大学林学院/西南山地森林资源保育与利用教育部重点实验室/云南省高校极小种群野生动物保育重点实验室, 昆明 650224; 2. 云南铜壁关省级自然保护区管护局, 云南芒市 678499

收稿日期:2025-06-30 修回日期:2025-11-06 接受日期:2026-01-30
通讯作者: 段玉宝
基金资助:
云南省科技计划项目(202501BD070001-022); 云南省林业和草原局野生动植物保护项目(2025GS120D-02); 国家自然科学基金(32560132); 西南林业大学林学云南省一流建设学科

Behavioral ethogram and establishment of PAE coding system for three hornbills during the breeding season in Yingjiang, Yunnan

Enmei Yang^1#, Zuwei Yang^2#, Xi Lu¹, Anru Zuo², Yueti Li², Yubao Duan^1*

1 Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

2 Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, Mangshi, Yunnan 678499, China.

Received:2025-06-30 Revised:2025-11-06 Accepted:2026-01-30
Contact: Yubao Duan

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为实现对犀鸟繁殖行为的客观比较识别及未来生态演化的深入研究, 本研究于2023–2024年2–7月在云南省铜壁关省级自然保护区通过野外观察与视频记录, 对3种同域分布的犀鸟进行行为记录, 获取了冠斑犀鸟(Anthracoceros albirostris)、双角犀鸟(Buceros bicornis)与花冠皱盔犀鸟(Rhyticeros undulatus)的基础行为学数据并建立了行为谱。结果表明, 共记录到冠斑犀鸟的6种姿势、29种动作及6类环境因子; 双角犀鸟的7种姿势、34种动作及6类环境因子; 花冠皱盔犀鸟的7种姿势、34种动作及6类环境因子, 最终整合形成7类39种行为的PAE编码系统(posture-act-environment coding system), 其中花冠皱盔犀鸟行为总数最多(39种), 双角犀鸟次之(38种), 冠斑犀鸟最少(26种)。计算结果表明, 3种犀鸟间的各行为多样性指数均不存在显著差异, 各物种不同性别的各多样性指数也无显著差异。本研究建立的行为谱及PAE编码系统, 提供了这3种濒危犀鸟详细的行为清单和量化描述, 可为其后续的行为生态学研究和保护管理提供重要的基础资料。

关键词: 冠斑犀鸟, 双角犀鸟, 花冠皱盔犀鸟, 行为谱, PAE编码系统, 行为多样性

Abstract

Aims: To enable objective comparison of hornbill reproductive behaviors and facilitate in-depth research on their ecological evolution, this study was conducted from February to July 2023–2024 in the Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province. Specifically, we aimed to systematically document the behavioral characteristics of three sympatric hornbill species—the Oriental Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris), the Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis), and the Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus)—and to construct an ethogram for each, thereby providing foundational data for subsequent research.

Method: Field observations and video recordings were used to systematically collect data on the reproductive behaviors of the three hornbill species. Basic behavioral data were compiled to construct an ethogram for each species. These ethogram were then integrated to establish a posture-act-environment (PAE) coding system, enabing standardized classification and quantitative description of behaviors.

Results: The results showed that the Great Hornbill and Wreathed Hornbill both exhibited 7 postures, 34 acts, and 6 environmental variables, whereas the Oriental Pied Hornbill had 6 postures, 29 acts, and 6 environmental variables. The integrated PAE coding system comprised 7 posture categories and 39 distinct behaviors. Among the three species, the Wreathed Hornbill exhibited the highest total number of behaviors (39), followed by the Great Hornbill (38), and the Oriental Pied Hornbill (26). Statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in behavioral diversity indices among the three species, nor were there significant differences in any diversity index between sexes within each species.

Conclusion: The ethogram and PAE coding system established in this study provide a detailed behavioral inventory and quantitative description for these three endangered hornbill species, offering essential baseline information for subsequent behavioral ecology research and conservation management.

Key words: Anthracoceros albirostris, Buceros bicornis, Rhyticeros undulatus, ethogram, PAE coding system, behavior diversity

杨恩美, 杨祖伟, 鲁茜, 左安如, 李月体, 段玉宝. 云南盈江3种犀鸟繁殖期的行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025250.

Enmei Yang, Zuwei Yang, Xi Lu, Anru Zuo, Yueti Li, Yubao Duan. Behavioral ethogram and establishment of PAE coding system for three hornbills during the breeding season in Yingjiang, Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025250.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025250

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