生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1336-1347. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021130
所属专题: 生物入侵
收稿日期:
2021-04-09
接受日期:
2021-07-14
出版日期:
2021-10-20
发布日期:
2021-10-20
通讯作者:
唐文乔,赵亚辉
作者简介:
zhaoyh@ioz.ac.cn基金资助:
Xuejian Li1,2, Wenqiao Tang1,*(), Yahui Zhao2,*()
Received:
2021-04-09
Accepted:
2021-07-14
Online:
2021-10-20
Published:
2021-10-20
Contact:
Wenqiao Tang,Yahui Zhao
摘要:
海河流域是南水北调中线工程的受水区之一, 为评估中线工程引发海河流域鱼类入侵的风险, 本研究统计了南水北调引水区和受水区海河流域鱼类物种多样性差异, 采用水生生物入侵能力筛查系统(aquatic species invasiveness screening kit, AS-ISK)和外来鱼类入侵风险评估体系筛选引水区有入侵风险的鱼类物种, 并用MaxEnt模型预测有入侵风险的鱼类物种在海河流域的潜在适生区。结果表明, 丁鱥(Tinca tinca)、陈氏新银鱼(Neosalanx tangkahkeii)和大口鲇(Silurus meridionalis)是具有高入侵风险的鱼类, 另有3种鱼类具有中入侵风险, 均需重点监控; 而具入侵风险鱼类的适生区预测结果表明, 海河流域南部的徒骇马颊河水系、海河水系的漳卫南运河以及环渤海地区的河流是极易发生鱼类入侵的水域。因此在海河流域高入侵风险水域应开展持续性的水生生物监测, 针对具有高入侵风险的鱼类应进行早期筛查, 此外在水资源利用和分配上应加强管理, 从源头上杜绝鱼类入侵的发生, 还应尽快开展针对东线工程的鱼类资源调查和入侵风险评估工作。
李雪健, 唐文乔, 赵亚辉 (2021) 南水北调中线工程对海河流域鱼类入侵风险分析. 生物多样性, 29, 1336-1347. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021130.
Xuejian Li, Wenqiao Tang, Yahui Zhao (2021) Risk analysis of fish invasion in Haihe River Basin caused by the central route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1336-1347. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021130.
指标名称 Name of the third level index | 分值Score | 指标名称 Name of the third level index | 分值Score |
---|---|---|---|
是否存在入侵史 Invasion history: happened or not | 2 | 个体或繁殖体在运输环境的存活率 Survival rate in transportation environment of Individual or propagule | 2 |
对入侵地区本地种的影响 Impact on native species of intrusion area | 1 | 迁徙范围 Migration range | 0 |
对入侵地区生态环境的影响 Impact on the environment of intrusion area | 1 | 水域可流通性 Water circulatability | 1 |
对入侵地区经济贸易的影响 Impact on the economy of intrusion area | 0 | 水域受自然干扰次数 Circumstance of disturbance in water area | 1 |
人工养殖规模 Scale of captive breeding | 1 | 被目的性引种与传播的程度 Circumstance of introduction and dissemination | 2 |
人工养殖分布 Distribution of captive breeding | 1 | 评估区渔业水产业发展的程度 Circumstance of fishery of evaluation area | 1 |
自然生态系统中的分布 Distribution in natural ecosystems | 1 | 其他人为活动强度 Circumstance of other human activities | 1 |
对水温的适应情况 Adaptation to water temperature | 2 | 繁殖干扰 Reproductive interference | 0 |
对水化因子的适应情况 Adaptation to hydration factors | 2 | 捕食危害 Predation hazard | 1 |
对水文条件的适应情况 Adaptation to hydrological conditions | 1 | 竞争压力 Pressure of competition | 1 |
存在天然饵料资源的情况 Circumstance of natural bait: exist or not | 2 | 是否为病原体的媒介动物 Vectors of pathogens: yes or no | 0 |
存在有效天敌的情况 Circumstance of natural enemies: exist or not | 2 | 对自然景观的影响 Impact on landscape | 0 |
存在竞争压力的情况 Circumstance of competitive pressure: exist or not | 2 | 对水环境质量的影响 Impact on water environment | 0 |
遗传多样性高低 Circumstance of genetic diversity | 1 | 是否为人畜病原体的媒介动物 Vector animal for human and animal: yes or no | 1 |
生长速度 Growth rate | 2 | 个体及其分泌物对人畜的危害 Harm of individuals and their secretions | 0 |
初次性成熟年龄 Age of initial sexual maturation | 1 | 对经济活动的影响 Impact on the economy | 1 |
繁殖次数 Breeding times | 2 | 引入渠道的规范性 Normalization of the process of introduction | 0 |
年繁殖量 Annual reproduction | 2 | 使用程序的规范性 Normalization of procedures | 0 |
繁殖方式 Reproduction methods | 0 | 公众对该外来鱼入侵的防范意识 Prevention consciousness of fish invasion | 2 |
育幼行为 Child-rearing behavior | 0 | 现有控制技术 Existing control technology | 2 |
个体形态特征可分辨程度 Degree of discrimination of individual characteristic | 1 | 控制所需成本 Cost required | 1 |
繁殖体形态特征 Morphological characteristics of propagules | 2 | 控制造成的负面效应 Negative effects caused by control | 1 |
表1 丁鱥的三级指标分值
Table 1 The score of the third level index of Tinca tinca
指标名称 Name of the third level index | 分值Score | 指标名称 Name of the third level index | 分值Score |
---|---|---|---|
是否存在入侵史 Invasion history: happened or not | 2 | 个体或繁殖体在运输环境的存活率 Survival rate in transportation environment of Individual or propagule | 2 |
对入侵地区本地种的影响 Impact on native species of intrusion area | 1 | 迁徙范围 Migration range | 0 |
对入侵地区生态环境的影响 Impact on the environment of intrusion area | 1 | 水域可流通性 Water circulatability | 1 |
对入侵地区经济贸易的影响 Impact on the economy of intrusion area | 0 | 水域受自然干扰次数 Circumstance of disturbance in water area | 1 |
人工养殖规模 Scale of captive breeding | 1 | 被目的性引种与传播的程度 Circumstance of introduction and dissemination | 2 |
人工养殖分布 Distribution of captive breeding | 1 | 评估区渔业水产业发展的程度 Circumstance of fishery of evaluation area | 1 |
自然生态系统中的分布 Distribution in natural ecosystems | 1 | 其他人为活动强度 Circumstance of other human activities | 1 |
对水温的适应情况 Adaptation to water temperature | 2 | 繁殖干扰 Reproductive interference | 0 |
对水化因子的适应情况 Adaptation to hydration factors | 2 | 捕食危害 Predation hazard | 1 |
对水文条件的适应情况 Adaptation to hydrological conditions | 1 | 竞争压力 Pressure of competition | 1 |
存在天然饵料资源的情况 Circumstance of natural bait: exist or not | 2 | 是否为病原体的媒介动物 Vectors of pathogens: yes or no | 0 |
存在有效天敌的情况 Circumstance of natural enemies: exist or not | 2 | 对自然景观的影响 Impact on landscape | 0 |
存在竞争压力的情况 Circumstance of competitive pressure: exist or not | 2 | 对水环境质量的影响 Impact on water environment | 0 |
遗传多样性高低 Circumstance of genetic diversity | 1 | 是否为人畜病原体的媒介动物 Vector animal for human and animal: yes or no | 1 |
生长速度 Growth rate | 2 | 个体及其分泌物对人畜的危害 Harm of individuals and their secretions | 0 |
初次性成熟年龄 Age of initial sexual maturation | 1 | 对经济活动的影响 Impact on the economy | 1 |
繁殖次数 Breeding times | 2 | 引入渠道的规范性 Normalization of the process of introduction | 0 |
年繁殖量 Annual reproduction | 2 | 使用程序的规范性 Normalization of procedures | 0 |
繁殖方式 Reproduction methods | 0 | 公众对该外来鱼入侵的防范意识 Prevention consciousness of fish invasion | 2 |
育幼行为 Child-rearing behavior | 0 | 现有控制技术 Existing control technology | 2 |
个体形态特征可分辨程度 Degree of discrimination of individual characteristic | 1 | 控制所需成本 Cost required | 1 |
繁殖体形态特征 Morphological characteristics of propagules | 2 | 控制造成的负面效应 Negative effects caused by control | 1 |
物种 Species | 评估结果 Results | 风险级别 Risk level | 物种 Species | 评估结果 Results | 风险级别 Risk level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
丁鱥 Tinca tinca | 1.156 | 高入侵风险 High invasion risk | 宜昌鳅鮀 Gobiobotia filifer | 0.558 | 低入侵风险 Low invasion risk |
陈氏新银鱼 Neosalanx tangkahkeii | 1.127 | 中华纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax sinensis | 0.543 | ||
大口鲇 Silurus meridionalis | 1.074 | 嘉陵颌须鮈 Gnathopogon herzensteini | 0.515 | ||
中华沙塘鳢 Odontobutis sinensis | 0.961 | 中入侵风险 Medium invasion risk | 细纹颌须鮈 Gnathopogon taeniellus | 0.509 | |
光泽黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus nitidus | 0.929 | 白缘? Liobagrus marginatus | 0.451 | ||
大眼鳜 Siniperca knerii | 0.926 | 拟缘? Liobagrus marginatoides | 0.432 | ||
切尾拟鲿 Pseudobagrus truncatus | 0.686 | 低入侵风险 Low invasion risk | 川陕哲罗鲑 Hucho bleekeri | 0.394 | |
吻鮈 Rhinogobio typus | 0.684 | 司氏? Liobagrus styani | 0.325 | ||
短须颌须鮈 Gnathopogon imberbis | 0.667 | 秦岭细鳞鲑 Brachymystax tsinlingensis | 0.212 |
表2 基于外来鱼类入侵风险评估体系的评估结果
Table 2 The results of risk assessment system for invasion of alien fishes
物种 Species | 评估结果 Results | 风险级别 Risk level | 物种 Species | 评估结果 Results | 风险级别 Risk level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
丁鱥 Tinca tinca | 1.156 | 高入侵风险 High invasion risk | 宜昌鳅鮀 Gobiobotia filifer | 0.558 | 低入侵风险 Low invasion risk |
陈氏新银鱼 Neosalanx tangkahkeii | 1.127 | 中华纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax sinensis | 0.543 | ||
大口鲇 Silurus meridionalis | 1.074 | 嘉陵颌须鮈 Gnathopogon herzensteini | 0.515 | ||
中华沙塘鳢 Odontobutis sinensis | 0.961 | 中入侵风险 Medium invasion risk | 细纹颌须鮈 Gnathopogon taeniellus | 0.509 | |
光泽黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus nitidus | 0.929 | 白缘? Liobagrus marginatus | 0.451 | ||
大眼鳜 Siniperca knerii | 0.926 | 拟缘? Liobagrus marginatoides | 0.432 | ||
切尾拟鲿 Pseudobagrus truncatus | 0.686 | 低入侵风险 Low invasion risk | 川陕哲罗鲑 Hucho bleekeri | 0.394 | |
吻鮈 Rhinogobio typus | 0.684 | 司氏? Liobagrus styani | 0.325 | ||
短须颌须鮈 Gnathopogon imberbis | 0.667 | 秦岭细鳞鲑 Brachymystax tsinlingensis | 0.212 |
物种 Species | 评估结果 Results | 置信度 Confidence | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BRA | Level | BRA + CCA | Level | BRA | CCA | BRA + CCA | |
大口鲇 Silurus meridionalis | 48 | 高 High | 60 | 高 High | 0.99 | 0.84 | 0.99 |
中华沙塘鳢 Odontobutis sinensis | 37 | 高 High | 43 | 高 High | 0.99 | 0.88 | 0.98 |
丁鱥 Tinca tinca | 33 | 高 High | 45 | 高 High | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.99 |
陈氏新银鱼 Neosalanx tangkahkeii | 31.5 | 高 High | 43.5 | 高 High | 0.95 | 0.83 | 0.94 |
光泽黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus nitidus | 28 | 中 Medium | 32 | 中 Medium | 0.99 | 0.72 | 0.88 |
拟缘? Liobagrus marginatoides | 1 | 低 Low | -3 | 低 Low | 0.92 | 0.71 | 0.90 |
司氏? Liobagrus styani | 1 | 低 Low | -7 | 低 Low | 0.93 | 0.83 | 0.92 |
宜昌鳅鮀 Gobiobotia filifer | 0 | 低 Low | -6 | 低 Low | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.91 |
细纹颌须鮈 Gnathopogon taeniellus | -0.5 | 低 Low | -0.5 | 低 Low | 0.91 | 0.75 | 0.89 |
秦岭细鳞鲑 Brachymystax tsinlingensis | -1 | 低 Low | -13 | 低 Low | 0.95 | 0.91 | 0.95 |
切尾拟鲿 Pseudobagrus truncatus | -2.5 | 低 Low | -6.5 | 低 Low | 0.84 | 0.75 | 0.83 |
吻鮈 Rhinogobio typus | -3.5 | 低 Low | -7.5 | 低 Low | 0.90 | 0.75 | 0.89 |
中华纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax sinensis | -4 | 低 Low | -4 | 低 Low | 0.91 | 0.79 | 0.90 |
川陕哲罗鲑 Hucho bleekeri | -5 | 低 Low | -17 | 低 Low | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.97 |
大眼鳜 Siniperca knerii | -8 | 低 Low | -6 | 低 Low | 0.99 | 0.75 | 0.96 |
短须颌须鮈 Gnathopogon imberbis | -9 | 低 Low | -11 | 低 Low | 0.95 | 0.83 | 0.94 |
嘉陵颌须鮈 Gnathopogon herzensteini | -9 | 低 Low | -17 | 低 Low | 0.88 | 0.75 | 0.86 |
白缘? Liobagrus marginatus | -10 | 低 Low | -12 | 低 Low | 0.89 | 0.75 | 0.87 |
表3 基于水生生物入侵能力筛查系统(AS-ISK)的评估结果
Table 3 The results of aquatic species invasiveness screening kit V2.3 (AS-ISK)
物种 Species | 评估结果 Results | 置信度 Confidence | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BRA | Level | BRA + CCA | Level | BRA | CCA | BRA + CCA | |
大口鲇 Silurus meridionalis | 48 | 高 High | 60 | 高 High | 0.99 | 0.84 | 0.99 |
中华沙塘鳢 Odontobutis sinensis | 37 | 高 High | 43 | 高 High | 0.99 | 0.88 | 0.98 |
丁鱥 Tinca tinca | 33 | 高 High | 45 | 高 High | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.99 |
陈氏新银鱼 Neosalanx tangkahkeii | 31.5 | 高 High | 43.5 | 高 High | 0.95 | 0.83 | 0.94 |
光泽黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus nitidus | 28 | 中 Medium | 32 | 中 Medium | 0.99 | 0.72 | 0.88 |
拟缘? Liobagrus marginatoides | 1 | 低 Low | -3 | 低 Low | 0.92 | 0.71 | 0.90 |
司氏? Liobagrus styani | 1 | 低 Low | -7 | 低 Low | 0.93 | 0.83 | 0.92 |
宜昌鳅鮀 Gobiobotia filifer | 0 | 低 Low | -6 | 低 Low | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.91 |
细纹颌须鮈 Gnathopogon taeniellus | -0.5 | 低 Low | -0.5 | 低 Low | 0.91 | 0.75 | 0.89 |
秦岭细鳞鲑 Brachymystax tsinlingensis | -1 | 低 Low | -13 | 低 Low | 0.95 | 0.91 | 0.95 |
切尾拟鲿 Pseudobagrus truncatus | -2.5 | 低 Low | -6.5 | 低 Low | 0.84 | 0.75 | 0.83 |
吻鮈 Rhinogobio typus | -3.5 | 低 Low | -7.5 | 低 Low | 0.90 | 0.75 | 0.89 |
中华纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax sinensis | -4 | 低 Low | -4 | 低 Low | 0.91 | 0.79 | 0.90 |
川陕哲罗鲑 Hucho bleekeri | -5 | 低 Low | -17 | 低 Low | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.97 |
大眼鳜 Siniperca knerii | -8 | 低 Low | -6 | 低 Low | 0.99 | 0.75 | 0.96 |
短须颌须鮈 Gnathopogon imberbis | -9 | 低 Low | -11 | 低 Low | 0.95 | 0.83 | 0.94 |
嘉陵颌须鮈 Gnathopogon herzensteini | -9 | 低 Low | -17 | 低 Low | 0.88 | 0.75 | 0.86 |
白缘? Liobagrus marginatus | -10 | 低 Low | -12 | 低 Low | 0.89 | 0.75 | 0.87 |
图2 具入侵风险鱼类在海河流域潜在适生区预测结果。A: 大眼鳜; B: 丁鱥; C: 光泽黄颡鱼; D: 中华沙塘鳢; E: 陈氏新银鱼; F: 大口鲇。
Fig. 2 The results of the potential habitat prediction of fish with invasion risk in Haihe River Basin. A, Siniperca knerii; B, Tinca tinca; C, Pelteobagrus nitidus; D, Odontobutis sinensis; E, Neosalanx tangkahkeii; F, Silurus meridionalis.
图3 大眼鳜适生区预测结果的环境变量的贡献率。bio9: 最干季平均温度; bio10: 最暖季平均温度; bio6: 最冷月最低温; bio3: 等温性; bio18: 最暖季降水量; bio13: 最湿月降水量; bio15: 降水量变异系数; bio2: 昼夜温差月均值。
Fig. 3 Contribution rate of environmental variables about the potential habitat prediction of Siniperca knerii. bio9, Mean temperature of the driest quarter; bio10, Mean temperature of the warmest quarter; bio6, Min temperature of the coldest month; bio3, Isothermality; bio18, Precipitation of the warmest quarter; bio13, Precipitation of wettest month; bio15, Precipitation seasonality; bio2, Mean diurnal range.
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[1] | 郦珊, 陈家宽, 王小明. 淡水鱼类入侵种的分布、入侵途径、机制与后果[J]. 生物多样性, 2016, 24(6): 672-685. |
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