The present paper introduced a broad outline of the diversity of protozoa on the globe , the position in the biology and the relation to the human being. Considering that the protozoa in freshwater as an aggregate group ecologically , its diversity and stress could be discussed. The stress resulting from anthropogenic sources in an eutrophication lake —Donghu Lake in a period of half a century resulted in a ten2fold increase of protozoan density and a succession of dominant species. The industrial pollution from the bank of the Three2Gorges Area of the Yangtze River damaged at least 70 % species of protozoans. In the largest tributary of the Yangtze River , the Hanjiang River , a resource of drinking water , the protozoan diversity index indicated that water quality was in a critical status. In the unexploited Wuling Mountains Area in southwestern China , the protozoan diversity demonstrated that the aquatic ecosystem in this area was healthy and stable.

South China Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon kopschi) may be the most endangered of all the Sika Deer subspecies survived in the world now. South China Sika Deer are distributed in Jingxian , Jinde , Yixian and Ningguo Counties of Anhui Province , Pengze County of Jiangxi Province and Lin’an County of Zhejiang Province. Its distribution range is still shrinking and become isolated and scattered. In this paper , the current distribution and the status of habitat of South China Sika Deer are described and analysed. Because of the lack of biological and ecological research on it , no effective measurements are taken to protect its population. Urgent strategies are needed for the protection of South China Sika Deer subspecies.

According to the results of sampling and cluster analysis , the rodent community in the J unggar Basin can be divided into four types : 1) farmland community dominated by Cricetulus migratorius and Mus musculus ; 2) saxideserta community dominated by Meriones erythrourus and C. migratorius ; 3) residential area community dominated by Rattus norvegiens and Mus musculus ; 4) haloxylon eremic community dominated by Dipus sagitta and Meriones meridianus. The community 4 has the highest species diversity (1. 670) , and 3 has the lowest (0. 979) . In pace with the human economic activities , the desert community dominated by jird and jerboa will be replaced by the damp community dominated by M. musculus and C. migratourius. The new community pattern is that R. norvegicus will play an important role in some urban areas.

The genetic diversity among 34 Chinese oilseed accessions ( mainly from Hunan and Hubei Provinces) of B . rapa was analyzed by RAPD technique and statistical methods. A general molecular method for assessment of genetic diversity was established from this research. Cluster analysis showed that the genetic variation among oilseed accessions of B . rapa was closely related with their eco-geographic distribution ; extensive variation existed among the accessions from Hunan and Hubei Provinces ; 34 accessions were divided into eight groups at DNA level. The application of results to selection of parents in breeding program was discussed.

This paper is a summary of the studies on the distribution and biology of Chinese Luehdorfia Butterfly ( Luehdorfia chinensis) , carried out from 1992 to 1996. Currently this butterfly is narrowly distributed along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in Qinling Mountains in Central China. Its habitats , mostly secondary forests , can be characterized into two types : lowerland type and higher mountain type. Habitats of lower land type with Asarum forbesii as its hostplant are more seriously disturbed by human activities than habitats of higher mountain type , where the hostplant is Asarum sieboldii . The population distribution pattern of this butterfly is of the typical metapopulation. The principal threats to the continued existence of the species are (1) habitat loss and degradation , and (2) the over2harvesting of its hostplants for medicinal use. Its population status meets the following items of the IUCN new criteria for endangered species : VULNERABL E :A1a , c , d + 2c , and the species should be classified as Vulnerable. Conservation strategy and further research programs are suggested accordingly.

For long2term study , three plots were established in a pine forest , a pine and broad2leaved mixed forest and an evergreen broad2leaved forest respectively in Dinghu Mountain Biosphere Reserve in 1982. The first forest was subject to human disturbance before the plot was set up and the others have been protected well. In this paper , the plant species dynamics were studied and analyzed , based on two surveys to the three plots in 1982 and 1994. The results showed that order of plant species diversity is broad2leaved forest > mixed forest > pine forest . For trees(DBH > 2. 5) ,species diversity and evenness indices increased from 1982 to 1994 in all the three forests. The differences between two surveys are significant except the broad2leaved forest . Because they are developing on advance succession under protection. As for the understory , on contrast , both diversity and evenness indices decreased except in the broad2leaved forest . The species richness and individual changes correspond well with the diversity indexes changs. The species composition changes following succession rule. The canopies become closer when the pine forest develops to mixed forest and the later develops to broad2leaved forest . Thus more shade2tolerant species invade and some sun2loving ( shade-intolerant) species exit . The study supports that human disturbance would decrease plant species diversity and conservation would restore or increase it

Hitherto , six families , 48 genera and 79 species of Acridoidea have been recorded in the tropical region of Xishuangbanna. Of them , 68 species accounting for 86. 1 % of the total species are oriental , including 22 endemic species. The other 11 species are widely distributed. As the destruction of the tropical forest , cultivation of crops and other plants of economical importance , habitats with tropical rainforest characters have been changing in this area. The fauna and the species diversity of Acridoidea are influenced. The number of species is gradually reducing. The ratio of the oriental species decreases and that of widely-distributed species increases. Some endemic species decline or even extinct because of the environmental change. The diversity analysis showed that species diversity index and evenness index of Acridoidea will significantly decrease from 1. 240 to 0. 761 and from o. 887 to 0. 585 respectively along the rainforest —bush —farmland —rubber trees habitats. Holy hills can maintain some characters of rainforest habitats , but its role in the conservation of grasshopper species is limited.

Plant diversity of ecotone community between forest and marsh in Changbai Mountain was studied using whit net-check method throughout the ecotone , and the plant diversity , edge effects and their relation with ecotone enviromental gradient in two primary types of ecotone was also investigated , in order to reveal the characteristics and their forming mechanism and provide the theoretical foundation for the conversation and maintainance of plant diversity.

The conclusion is that plant diversity of ecotone community between forest and marsh increases gradually along with the ecotone enviorment gradient in the Changbai Mountain. The mature community processes the highest diversity in the ecotone. It is also higher than that in the corresponding typical forest community. This kind of ecotone community is abundant in species because ecotones contain marsh plants , forest plants and ecotone’s dominant species. The amount of some dominant species populations are five times as many as in the forest . So that edge effects exist in this ecotone. These characterristics of ecotone between forest and marsh are related closely with the ecological special properties of plants and the ecotone environmental gradient .

In recent years , it has been emphasized that the principles and methods of molecular phylogenetics should have potential and practical value in biodiversity conservation , especially in species conservation. It is a critical issue and the first step as well to identify those units which have evolutionary significance from different populations of a species concerned in species conservation. Phylogenetic relationships among those populations could shed valuable light on this issue. In addition , the data from molecular phylogenetic study are also helpful for us to understand the status and process of populations.

The conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity is important not only to global economic stability and development , but also to the conservation of ecological environment . Therefore , it is necessary to establish an effective method for the detection of the biodiversity as soon as possible to get a clear knowledge about the status of global biodiversity. In this paper , several major analytical methods for biodiversity detection , especially for interand intra- species biodiversity were discussed , with emphasis on the latest advances in molecular markers and comparative genomics and their wide applications in biodiversity research.

The present status of biodiversity in Dali Cangshan2Erhai Nature Reserve and the endangered status of biodiversity caused by human unreasonable economic exploitation were discussed in this paper. The approaches of resources utilization and strategies of biodiversity conservation have been proposed. The plan of conservation and mangement have been suggested.