Families and genera of Chinese angiosperms: a synoptic classification based on APG III

doi:10.17520/biods.2015052

Abstract

Abstract:

Angiosperms constitute the most diverse lineage of higher plants and are represented by ca. 300,000 living species that dominate the vegetation of terrestrial ecosystems. Number and composition of families, genera, and species are important to understanding global and regional biodiversity. Due to the rapid development of molecular systematics, circumscriptions of many traditional angiosperm families and genera have been revised. This study investigates circumscriptions of families and genera of native and introduced angiosperms in China according to the APG III classification system and recent phylogenetic studies. Results showed that there are 258 native and 55 introduced families (including 6 naturalized families), and 2,872 native and 1,605 introduced genera (including 152 naturalized genera) in China. A brief introduction to the historical and recent changes of circumscriptions of families and genera occurring in China was also provided. Our list included 115 newly recorded families and 1,729 newly recorded genera when compared to Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, and 85 newly recorded families and 1,531newly recorded genera when compared to Flora of China.

Key words: APG III, China, classification, family, genus, angiosperms, native, introduced, naturalized

Bing Liu, Jianfei Ye, Su Liu, Yuan Wang, Yong Yang, Yangjun Lai, Gang Zeng, Qinwen Lin. Families and genera of Chinese angiosperms: a synoptic classification based on APG III[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2015, 23(2): 225-231.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2015052

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2015/V23/I2/225

Figures/Tables 1

References 52

1	Akhani H, Edwards G, Roalson EH (2007) Diversification of the old world Salsoleae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae): molecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and chloroplast data sets and a revised classification.International Journal of Plant Sciences, 168, 931-956.
2	APG (1998) An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants.Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 85, 531-553.
3	APG II (2003) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 141, 399-436.
4	APG III (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 105-121.
5	Brickell C (translated by Yang QS (杨秋生), Li ZY (李振宇)) (2005) RHS Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers (世界园林植物与花卉百科全书). Henan Science and Technology Press, Zhengzhou. (in Chinese)
6	Chaowasku T, Johnson DM, van der Ham RWJM, Chatrou LW (2012) Characterization of Hubera (Annonaceae), a new genus segregated from Polyalthia and allied to Miliusa.Phytotaxa, 69, 33-56.
7	Chase MW, Reveal JL (2009) A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 122-127.
8	Christenhusz MJM, Brockington SF, Christin P, Sage RF (2014) On the disintegration of Molluginaceae: a new genus and family (Kewa, Kewaceae) segregated from Hypertelis, and placement of Macarthuria in Macarthuriaceae.Phytotaxa, 181, 238-242.
9	Cuénoud P, Savolainen V, Chatrou LW, Powell M, Grayer RJ, Chase MW (2002) Molecular phylogenetics of Caryophyllales based on nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid rbcL, atpB, and matK DNA sequences.American Journal of Botany, 89, 132-144.
10	Delecti Florae Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae Agendae Academiae Sinicae (中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会) (1959-2004) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (中国植物志). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
11	Ding GQ (丁广奇), Wang XW (王学文) (1986) Etymology of Scientific Names of Plants in China (植物学名解释). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
12	Fuentes-Bazan S, Uotila P, Borsch T (2012) A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae).Willdenowia, 42, 5-24.
13	Guo X, Wang J, Xue B, Thomas DC, Su YCF, Tan YH, Saunders RMK (2014) Reassessing the taxonomic status of two enigmatic Desmos species (Annonaceae): morphological and molecular phylogenetic support for a new genus, Wangia.Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 52, 1-15.
14	Haston E, Richardson JE, Stevens PF, Chase MW, Harris DJ (2009) The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 128-131.
15	How FC (侯宽昭) (1982) A Dictionary of the Families and Genera of Chinese Seed Plants (中国种子植物科属词典). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
16	Jia Y (贾渝), He S (何思) (2013) Species Catalogue of China, Vol. 1, Plants: Bryophytes (中国生物物种名录第一卷植物: 苔藓植物). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
17	Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA, Stevens PF, Donoghue MJ (translated by Li DZ et al. (李德铢等)) (2012) Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, 3rd edn. (植物系统学(第3版). Higher Education Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
18	Kadereit G, Freitag H (2011) Molecular phylogeny of Camphorosmeae (Camphorosmoideae, Chenopodiaceae): implications for biogeography, evolution of C4-photosynthesis and taxonomy.Taxon, 60, 51-78.
19	Kyalangalilwa B, Boatwright JS, Daru BH, Maurin O, Bank MVD (2013) Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 172, 500-523.
20	Li ZY (李振宇), Xie Y (解焱) (2002) Invasive Species in China (中国外来入侵种). China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)
21	Liu S (刘夙), Liu B (刘冰) (2015) The choice rules of Chinese common names of genera of vascular plants in China.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性), 23, 254-258. (in Chinese)
22	Luo Y (骆洋), He YB (何延彪), Li DZ (李德铢), Wang YH (王雨华), Yi TS (伊廷双), Wang H (王红) (2012) A comparison of classifications of families of Chinese vascular plants among Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae, Flora of China and the new classifications.Plant Diversity and Resources(植物分类与资源学报), 34, 231-238. (in Chinese with English abstract)
23	Ma JS (马金双) (2011) The Outline of Taxonomic Literature of Eastern Asian Higher Plants (东亚高等植物分类学文献概览). Higher Education Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
24	Ma JS, Clemants S (2006) A history and overview of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (FRPS, Flora of China, Chinese edition, 1959-2004).Taxon, 55, 451-460.
25	Moore MJ, Soltis PS, Bell CD, Burleigh JG, Soltis DE (2010) Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 107, 4623-4628.
26	Nickrent DL, Malécot V, Vidal-Russell R, Der JP (2010) A revised classification of Santalales.Taxon, 59, 538-558.
27	Refulio-Rodriguez NF, Olmstead RG (2014) Phylogeny of Lamiidae.American Journal of Botany, 101, 287-299.
28	Reveal JL, Chase MW (2011) APG III: bibliographical information and synonymy of Magnoliidae.Phytotaxa, 19, 71-134.
29	Sanchez A, Schuster TM, Burke JM, Kron KA (2011) Taxonomy of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): a new tribal classification.Taxon, 60, 151-160.
30	Schäferhoff B, Müller KF, Borsch T (2009) Caryophyllales phylogenetics: disentangling Phytolaccaceae and Molluginaceae and description of Microteaceae as a new isolated family.Willdenowia, 39, 209-228.
31	Shi S, Li J, Sun J, Yu J, Zhou S (2013) Phylogeny and classification of Prunus sensu lato (Rosaceae).Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 55, 1069-1079.
32	Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Chase MW, Mort ME, Albach TD, Zanis M, Savolaninen V, Hahn WH, Hoot SB, Fay MF, Axtell M, Swensen SM, Prince LM, Kress WJ, Nixon KC, Farris JS (2000) Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA, rbcL, and atpB sequences.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 133, 381-461.
33	Su JX, Wang W, Zhang LB, Chen ZD (2012) Phylogenetic placement of two enigmatic genera, Borthwickia and Stixis, based on molecular and pollen data, and the description of a new family of Brassicales, Borthwickiaceae. Taxon, 61, 601-611.
34	Tang YC (汤彦承), Lu AM (路安民) (2003) A tentative designation of Chinese names for the non-Chinese angiospermous families.Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica(植物分类学报), 41, 285-304. (in Chinese with English abstract)
35	Wang JX (王锦秀), Tang YC (汤彦承) (2005) Discussion on the code of Chinese nomenclature for Chinese seed plants.Chinese Science and Technology Terms Journal(科技术语研究), 7(3), 61-63. (in Chinese)
36	Wang Q, Ma XT, Hong DY (2014) Phylogenetic analyses reveal three new genera of the Campanulaceae.Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 52, 541-550.
37	Weigend M, Luebert F, Gottschling M, Couvreur TL, Hilger HH, Miller JS (2014) From capsules to nutlets-phylogenetic relationships in the Boraginales.Cladistics, 30, 508-518.
38	Wojciechowski MF (2013) The origin and phylogenetic relationships of the Californian chaparral ‘paleoendemic’ Pickeringia (Leguminosae).Systematic Botany, 38, 132-142.
39	Wu SH, Hsieh CF, Rejmánek M (2004) Catalogue of the Naturalized Flora of Taiwan.Taiwania, 49, 16-31.
40	Wu ZY (吴征镒) (2003) Preface I. In: The Complete Compilation of Names of Chinese Ferns and Seed Plants (中国蕨类植物和种子植物名称总汇) (ed. Ma QY (马其云)). Qingdao Press, Qingdao. (in Chinese)
41	Wu ZY (吴征镒), Lu AM (路安民), Tang YC (汤彦承), Chen ZD (陈之端), Li DZ (李德铢) (2003) The Families and Genera of Angiosperms in China: A Comprehensive Analysis (中国被子植物科属综论). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
42	Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY (1994-2013) Flora of China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
43	Wurdack KJ, Davis CC (2009) Malpighiales phylogenetics: gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life.American Journal of Botany, 96, 1551-1570.
44	Xue B, Su YC, Mols JB, Keßler PJ, Saunders RM (2011) Further fragmentation of the polyphyletic genus Polyalthia (Annonaceae): molecular phylogenetic support for a broader delimitation of Marsypopetalum.Systematics and Biodiversity, 9, 17-26.
45	Xue B, Su YC, Thomas DC, Saunders RM (2012) Pruning the polyphyletic genus Polyalthia (Annonaceae) and resurrecting the genus Monoon.Taxon, 61, 1021-1039.
46	Xue CX (薛聪贤) (2002-2004) Illustrated Handbooks of Ornamental Plants, Vol. 1-14 (景观植物实用图鉴 1-14册). Baitong Group, Guangzhou. (in Chinese)
47	Yang Y (杨永), Fu DZ (傅德志), Wang Q (王祺) (2004) Origin of flowers: hypotheses and evidence.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica(西北植物学报), 24, 2366-2380. (in Chinese with English abstract)
48	Zeng LP (曾丽萍), Zhang N (张宁), Ma H (马红) (2014) Advances and challenges in resolving the angiosperm phylogeny.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性), 22, 21-39. (in Chinese with English abstract)
49	Zeng LP, Zhang Q, Sun RR, Kong HZ, Zhang N, Ma H (2014) Resolution of deep angiosperm phylogeny using conserved nuclear genes and estimates of early divergence times.Nature Communications, 5, doi:10.1038/ncomms5956.
50	Zhang LB, Gilbert MG (2015) Comparison of classifications of vascular plants of China.Taxon, 64, 17-26.
51	Zhang N, Zeng LP, Shan HY, Ma H (2012) Highly conserved low-copy nuclear genes as effective markers for phylogenetic analyses in angiosperms.New Phytologist, 195, 923-937.
52	Zhong RS (钟如松), He JY (何洁英), Wu YS (伍有声), Liu DM (刘东明) (2004) A Collection of Illustrative Plates for Palmaceous Introduction (引种棕榈图谱). Anhui Science and Technology Press, Hefei. (in Chinese)

	本文 This study	FRPS	FOC
本文 This study	4,477	2,748	2,946
FRPS	2,748	3,163	2,786
FOC	2,946	2,786	3,110

	本文 This study	FRPS	FOC
本文 This study	4,477	2,748	2,946
FRPS	2,748	3,163	2,786
FOC	2,946	2,786	3,110

[1]	Tian Zhiqi, Su Yang. China’s implementation model of international environmental conventions and its application to the Convention on Biological Diversity—Achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets and the role of national parks [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(3): 24593-.
[2]	Zhou Zhihua, Jin Xiaohua, Luo Ying, Li Diqiang, Yue Jianbing, Liu Fang, He Tuo, Li Xi, Dong Hui, Luo Peng. Analyses and suggestions on mechanisms of forestry and grassland administrations in China to achieve targets of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(3): 24487-.
[3]	Tan Xiangping, Liang Xiaodong, Luo Shixiao, Wei Dan, Yang Min, Liu Guofeng, Qu Chao, Wang Hongfeng, Hu Yuhua, Jiang Jun, Zeng Youpai, Wang Jun, Yan Yuehong, Wang Ruijiang, Cao Honglin, Liao Jingping. Establishing a regional plant ex situ conservation system centered around the national botanical garden: A detailed exploration from Guangdong Province [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(2): 24326-.
[4]	Zhang Chan, Zhao Suya, Zhang Xinran, Wang Yifan, Wang Linlin. Impacts of alien pollinators on native plant‒pollinator interactions [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(2): 24443-.
[5]	Wei Yi, Yi Ai, Meng Wu, Liming Tian, Tserang Donko Mipam. Soil archaeal community responses to different grazing intensities in the alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(1): 24339-.
[6]	Xueyuan Li, Zhixian Sun, Fengzhen Wang, Rui Xi, Yutian Fang, Junyuan Hao, Dong Sheng, Shuya Sun, Yahui Zhao. Impacts of urban development on functional diversity in fish: A case study of Beijing, a megacity [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(8): 24150-.
[7]	Bangze Li, Shuren Zhang. An updated species checklist and taxonomic synopsis of Cyperaceae in China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(7): 24106-.
[8]	Hua He, Dunyan Tan, Xiaochen Yang. Cryptic dioecy in angiosperms: Diversity, phylogeny and evolutionary significance [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(6): 24149-.
[9]	Zonggang Hu. China and the United States once planned joint compilation of the Flora of China after the victory in the China’s Resistance War Against Japan [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(6): 24220-.
[10]	Qiyu Kuang, Liang Hu. Species diversity and geographical distribution of marine benthic shell-bearing mollusks around Donghai Island and Naozhou Island, Guangdong Province [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(5): 24065-.
[11]	Yujie Chi, Xintian Zhang, Zhixuan Tian, Chengshuai Guan, Xinzhi Gu, Zhihui Liu, Zhanbin Wang, Jinjie Wang. Species diversity of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae) and their host plants in Northeast Asia [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(4): 23443-.
[12]	Di Lin, Shuanglin Chen, Que Du, Wenlong Song, Gu Rao, Shuzhen Yan. Investigation of species diversity of myxomycetes in Dabie Mountains [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(2): 23242-.
[13]	Xinyu Li, Yaxuan Zhang, Meichen Yan, Ruihan Yang, Xiaoqing Zhang, Zhiyuan Yao. New taxa of extant spiders (Araneae) from the world in 2023 [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(11): 24181-.
[14]	Jianping Jiang, Bo Cai, Bin Wang, Weitao Chen, Zhixin Wen, Dezhi Zhang, Lulu Sui, Shun Ma, Weibo Wang. New vertebrate species discovered in China in 2023 [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(11): 24327-.
[15]	Chen Lin, Qicheng Yang, Yanling Wu, Peng Hou, Bing Zhang, Ding Yang. New taxa of Diptera from China in 2023 [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(11): 24328-.